An Experimental Investigation of Biodiesel Injection Characteristics Using a Light-Duty Diesel Injector

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Miers ◽  
Alan L. Kastengren ◽  
Essam M. El-Hannouny ◽  
Douglas E. Longman
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Surface Finishes ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Diesel Injection ◽  
Nozzle Geometries ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

The objective of this research was to experimentally evaluate the effects of two biodiesel fuels with different viscosities on fuel injection characteristics using a light-duty, common-rail, diesel injection system. A pure biodiesel (B100) and a 50/50 blend of pure biodiesel and refined, bleached, and deodorized vegetable oil (B50V50) were compared with a laboratory diesel fuel equivalent (D100). The fuel viscosity ranged from 2.6 cSt (D100) to 10.9 cSt (B50V50). Three injection pressures and two injector nozzle geometries and surface finishes were also investigated. Measurements of the injected fuel quantity showed that as fuel viscosity increased, the injected volume decreased and the variability in the injected volume tended to increase. This effect was more significant in an injector nozzle with converging, highly hydro-ground holes than one with straight, lightly hydroground holes. The rate-of-injection (ROI) data were quite similar for D100 and B100 when using the straight, lightly hydro-ground nozzle. There is a marked reduction in peak injection rate for the B100, compared to D100, when the highly hydro-ground nozzle was utilized. With both nozzles, the B50V50 blend produced narrower ROI curves with peak injection rates equal to or exceeding those of D100 fuel. For all three fuels, the start-of-injection delay increased as fuel viscosity increased. The end-of-injection time was very similar for D100 and B100 but was advanced for the B50V50 blend.

Numerical-experimental optimization of the Common-Feeding injection system concept for application to light-duty commercial vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zhiru Jin ◽  
Oscar Vento ◽  
Tantan Zhang ◽  
Alessandro Ferrari ◽  
Antonio Mittica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Hydraulic Test ◽  
High Pressure Pump ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Cr System

Abstract The innovative Common Feeding (CF) fuel injection system has been designed for a light duty commercial vehicle diesel engine in order to reduce production costs and to allow easy installation on the engine, compared to a Common Rail (CR) system. In the CF apparatus, an additional delivery chamber is mechanically fixed at the high-pressure pump outlet, and the rail is removed from the hydraulic circuit. Experimental tests have been carried out on a hydraulic test rig in order to compare the general performance of the prototypal CF system with those of a CR system equipped with different rail volumes. In the cases of the double injections, the fluctuations of the injected mass pertaining to the second injections have been investigated during dwell time sweeps, and design solutions have been provided to minimize such oscillations. Moreover, an injection system numerical diagnostic model has been validated, and the reduced accumulation volumes linked phenomena have been analyzed. In general, the performance of the injection systems with different hydraulic capacitances or shapes of the accumulator are similar. One difference is that the injection rate features slightly different slopes during the rising phases; furthermore, cycle-to-cycle dispersions in the injected mass increase to some extent when the hydraulic capacitance is dramatically decreased. Finally, the frequencies of the free pressure waves, due to the water hammer occurring at the end of a hydraulic injection, are different when the shape of the accumulation volume changes, whereas these frequencies are independent of the accumulation volume sizes.

Analysis of the Influence of Diesel Nozzle Geometry in the Injection Rate Characteristic

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Benajes ◽  
J. V. Pastor ◽  
R. Payri ◽  
A. H. Plazas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Nozzle Geometries

An experimental research study was carried out to analyze the influence of different orifice geometries (conical and cylindrical) on the injection rate behavior of a Common-Rail fuel injection system. For that purpose, injection tests in two different injection test rigs were conducted. This behavior of the injection rate in the different nozzles was characterized by using the non-dimensional parameters of cavitation number (K), discharge coefficient (Cd) and Reynolds number (Re). First, some relevant physical properties of the injected fuel were accurately characterized (density, kinematic viscosity and sound speed in the fluid) in a specific test rig as a function of the operating conditions (pressure and temperature). The behavior of both nozzles was analyzed at maximum injector needle lift under steady flow conditions in a cavitation test rig. Injection pressure and pressure at the nozzle discharge were controlled in order to modify the flow conditions. In addition, the nozzles were characterized in real unsteady flow conditions in an injection-rate test rig. From the raw results, the values of the relevant parameters were computed, and the occurrence of cavitation was clearly identified. The results evidenced interesting differences in the permeability of both nozzle geometries and a clear resistance of the conical nozzle to cavitation.

The Influence of Needle Eccentric Motion On Hole-to-Hole Injection Characteristics of a Two-Layered 8-Hole Diesel Injector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Jin ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Chuqiao Wang ◽  
Adams Moro ◽  
Xiwen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Hole Injection ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Diesel Injection ◽  
Eccentric Motion

Abstract The stringent emission regulations diesel engines are required to meet has resulted in the usage of multi-hole and ultra-multi-hole injectors, nowadays. In this research study, a double layered 8-hole diesel injection nozzle was investigated both numerically and experimentally. A three-dimensional model of the nozzle which was validated with experimental results was used to analyze the injection characteristics of each hole. The validation was conducted by comparing experiment and simulation injection rate results, acquired simultaneously from all the holes of the injector and the model. The fuel flow rates of the lower layered holes are higher than those of the upper layered holes. Two different needle eccentricity models were established. The first model only included the lateral displacement of the needle during needle lift. The needle reached maximum displacement at full needle lift. The second model considered the needle inelastic deformation into consideration. The needle radially displaces and glides along with the needle seat surface during needle lift. When the eccentricity reached maximum in the radial direction, the needle began to lift upwards vertically. The differences in injection characteristics under the different eccentricity models were apparent. The results indicated that the cycle injection quantity, fuel injection rate and cavitation of each hole were affected during the initial lifting stages of the needle lift. As the eccentricity of the needle increases, the injection rate uniformity from the nozzle hole deteriorates. The result showed that the upper layered holes were affected by the needle eccentricity during needle lift.

scholarly journals An experimental study of gasoline effects on injection rate, momentum flux and spray characteristics using a common rail diesel injection system

Fuel ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 390-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Payri ◽  
Antonio García ◽  
Vicent Domenech ◽  
Russell Durrett ◽  
Alejandro H. Plazas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Diesel Injection

Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Diesel Fuel-Injection Systems With a Double-Stage Injector

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Catania ◽  
C. Dongiovanni ◽  
A. Mittica ◽  
C. Negri ◽  
E. Spessa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Injection System ◽  
System Component ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Pump Speed ◽  
Minor Losses ◽  
Set Up

A double-spring, sacless-nozzle injector was fitted to the distributor-pump fuel-injection system of an automotive diesel engine in order to study its effect on the system performance for two different configurations of the pump delivery valve assembly with a constant-pressure valve and with a reflux-hole valve, respectively. Injection-rate shapes and local pressure time histories were both numerically and experimentally investigated. The NAIS simulation program was used for theoretical analysis based on a novel implicit numerical algorithm with a second-order accuracy and a high degree of efficiency. The injector model was set up and stored in a library containing a variety of system component models, which gave a modular structure to the computational code. The program was also capable of simulating possible cavitation propagation phenomena and of taking the fluid property dependence on pressure and temperature, as well as flow shear and minor losses into account. The experimental investigation was performed on a test bench under real operating conditions. Pressures were measured in the pumping chamber at two different pipe locations and in the injector nozzle upstream of the needle-seat opening passage. This last measurement was carried out in order to determine the nozzle-hole discharge flow coefficient under nonstationary flow conditions, which was achieved for the first time in a sacless-nozzle two-stage injector over a wide pump-speed range. The numerical and experimental results were compared and discussed.

An Instrument for Measuring Orifice-Specific Fuel-Injection Rate From a Multi-Orifice Nozzle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Kempenaar ◽  
Charles J. Mueller ◽  
Kim A. Shollenberger ◽  
Krishna Lakshminarasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Thermal Shield ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Transducer Output ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Fuel Injection Rate

Understanding fuel-injection processes is important for improving combustion in compression-ignition engines. To understand and model injection processes in detail, it is necessary to measure the instantaneous mass flow rate of fuel through each orifice of the injector nozzle. Due to constraints from injector design and operation, injection rate is typically measured downstream from the orifice exit. Measuring injection rate from a multi-orifice nozzle adds several geometric constraints, particularly when measuring fuel flow from a single orifice. The injection ratemeter discussed in this paper is designed to fit inside an optical research engine so that the injection rate can be measured without having to place the injector in an external fixture. The injection rate is calculated from a measurement of the momentum flux of a jet of fuel impinging upon the surface of a piezoelectric force (or pressure) transducer, combined with a measurement of the quantity of fuel injected, as demonstrated previously [1–3]. The ratemeter includes a thermal shield to limit the effects of temperature fluctuations on the transducer output. Data were acquired for one injector nozzle at several different injection durations and compared to results from literature for similar injector designs. Estimates for the uncertainty of the measured injection rates are provided and the calibration technique used is presented.

Research on Simulation for the Electronic Unit Pump Fuel Injection System of HXn5 Diesel Locomotive

2013 ◽  
Vol 645 ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hai Li ◽  
Zhe Zhou ◽  
Xian Zhe Jia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Electronic Unit Pump ◽  
Fuel Injection Rate

Parameters are obtained by mapping the entity structural electronic control unit pump injection system of HXn5 diesel locomotive introduced from USA. A simulation model was built up with GT-Fuel, which can well reflect the electromagnetic and hydraulic characteristics of the fuel injection system, as well as the fuel injection rate and fuel quantity. Compares with locally high-power diesel, the calculation curves show its superiority, which will establish a foundation for optimization and improvement of local fuel injection system.

A study on the injection characteristics of a liquid-phase liquefied petroleum gas injector for air-fuel ratio control

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansub Sim ◽  
Kangyoon Lee ◽  
Namhoon Chung ◽  
Myoungho Sunwoo
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Fuel Ratio

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is widely used as a gaseous fuel in spark ignition engines because of its considerable advantages over gasoline. However, the LPG engine suffers a torque loss because the vapour-phase LPG displaces a larger volume of air than do gasoline droplets. In order to improve engine power as well as fuel consumption and air-fuel ratio control, considerable research has been devoted to improving the LPG injection system. In the liquid-phase LPG injection systems, the injection rate of an injector is affected by the fuel temperature, injection pressure, and driving voltage. When injection conditions change, the air-fuel ratio should be accurately controlled in order to reduce exhaust emissions. In this study, correction factors for the fuel injection rate are developed on the basis of fuel temperature, injection pressure, and injector driving voltage. A compensation method to control the amount of injected fuel is proposed for a liquid-phase LPG injection control system. The experimental results show that the liquid-phase LPG injection system works well over the entire range of engine speeds and load conditions, and the air-fuel ratio can be accurately controlled by using the proposed compensation algorithm.

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