Intermediate and Long-Term Radiological Consequences of an Uncontrolled Access of Saline Solution Into the Asse Mine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Ustohalova ◽  
Christian Ku¨ppers
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Radionuclide Migration ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Radionuclide Release ◽  
Short Time

The risk of radioactive contamination in the biosphere surrounding the Asse salt mine has been assessed to determine the possible radioactive exposure to humans if the mine collapses. Geological conditions and anthropogenic activities have made the mine instable and allow salt-saturated ground water to seep in. This uncontrolled brine inflow significantly increases the risk of the mine collapsing. If the mine collapses, the brine will be pressed into groundwater, where the radionuclides can migrate into the biosphere and cause radioactive exposure. The key issue discussed in this paper is estimating the short- and long-term radiation burden for humans under several possible scenarios of radionuclide release. Only a radioecological model able to quantify and estimate processes taking place can generate usable results. This work develops the radioecological model describing both radionuclide migration and the resulting radiological exposure along several exposition pathways. Development of the model took into account the sorption processes, solubility limits and special aspects of decay chain migration. The radiological exposure was estimated under non-equilibrated conditions for the case of short-time expositions. At the end of this paper, the model’s background, the results of the computations and a comparison of several scenarios will be presented.

scholarly journals Longitudinal prediction of falls and near falls frequencies in Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Lindholm ◽  
Christina Brogårdh ◽  
Per Odin ◽  
Peter Hagell
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Near Falls ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Introduction and objective Several prediction models for falls/near falls in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been proposed. However, longitudinal predictors of frequency of falls/near falls are poorly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to identify short- and long-term predictors of the number of falls/near falls in PD. Methods A prospective cohort of 58 persons with PD was assessed at baseline (mean age and PD duration, 65 and 3.2 years, respectively) and 3.5 years later. Potential predictors were history of falls and near falls, comfortable gait speed, freezing of gate, dyskinesia, retropulsion, tandem gait (TG), pain, and cognition (Mini-Mental State Exam, MMSE). After each assessment, the participants registered a number of falls/near falls during the following 6 months. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to identify short- and long-term predictors of a number of falls/near falls. Results Baseline median (q1–q3) motor (UPDRS) and MMSE scores were 10 (6.75–14) and 28.5 (27–29), respectively. History of falls was the only significant short-time predictor [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 15.17] for the number of falls/near falls during 6 months following baseline. Abnormal TG (IRR, 3.77) and lower MMSE scores (IRR, 1.17) were short-term predictors 3.5 years later. Abnormal TG (IRR, 7.79) and lower MMSE scores (IRR, 1.49) at baseline were long-term predictors of the number of falls/near falls 3.5 years later. Conclusion Abnormal TG and MMSE scores predict the number of falls/near falls in short and long term, and may be indicative of disease progression. Our observations provide important additions to the evidence base for clinical fall prediction in PD.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Chile: The usefulness of simple epidemic models in practice

Medwave ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. e8119-e8119
Author(s):  
Mauricio Canals ◽  
Cristóbal Cuadrado ◽  
Andrea Canals
Keyword(s):  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Local Behavior ◽  
Discrete Equations ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Short Time

Objectives The purpose of this article is to describe and develop the predictive value of three models during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chile, providing knowledge for decision-making in health. Methods We developed three models during the epidemic: a discrete model to predict the maximum burden on the health system in a short time frame—a basic SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infected-removed) model with discrete equations; a stochastic SEIR model with the Monte Carlo method; and a Gompertz-type model for metropolitan city of Santiago. Results The maximum potential burden model has been useful throughout the monitoring of the epidemic, providing an upper bound for the number of cases, intensive care unit occupancy, and deaths. Deterministic and stochastic SEIR models were very useful in predicting the rise of cases and the peak and onset of case decline; however, they lost utility in the current situation due to the asynchronous recruitment of cases in the regions and the persistence of a strong endemic. The Gompertz model had a better fit in the decline since it best captures the epidemic curve’s asymmetry in Santiago. Conclusions The models have shown great utility in monitoring the epidemic in Chile, with different objectives in different epidemic stages. They have complemented empirical indicators such as reported cases, fatality, deaths, and others, making it possible to predict situations of interest and visualization of the short and long-term local behavior of this pandemic.

Determination of native (wood derived) formaldehyde by the desiccator method in particleboards generated during panel production

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Birkeland ◽  
Linda Lorenz ◽  
James M. Wescott ◽  
Charles R. Frihart
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Chromotropic Acid ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Emission Testing ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Common ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Hot-pressing wood, particularly in the production of wood composites, generates significant “native” (wood-based) formaldehyde (FA), even in the absence of adhesive. The level of native FA relates directly to the time and temperature of hot-pressing. This native FA dissipates in a relatively short time and is not part of the long-term FA emission issue commonly associated with hydrolyzing urea-formaldehyde bonds. This paper demonstrates that the common desiccator/chromotropic acid method is very specific for FA and is not influenced by other volatile compounds set free from wood during hot-pressing. Furthermore, it is shown that particleboard produces native FA at high levels even in the absence of adhesives or in the presence of one type of no-added formaldehyde (NAF) adhesive. Soy-based adhesives suppress native FA emission and provide low FA emission levels in both the short and long term. This study highlights an often overlooked aspect that should be considered for emission testing: standardizing the time and conditions employed immediately after pressing and prior to the onset of emissions testing. Addressing this issue in more detail would improve the reliability of correlation between data obtained by rapid process monitoring methods and emission measurements in large chambers.

scholarly journals Chain migration and residential segregation of internal migrants in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Skop ◽  
Paul A. Peters ◽  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Joseph E Potter ◽  
Wilson Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Dynamic Feedback ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Spatial Measures ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Sending Areas

This paper focuses on the geography of internal migration to and settlement within the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Specifically, the research objectives are to: (1) document the major flows of internal migration into the São Paulo metropolitan area; (2) map both short- and long-term migrant patterns of settlement within the São Paulo metropolitan area; and (3) approximate to what extent particular migrants from specific sending areas spatially concentrate in certain neighborhoods within the metropolitan area using both non-spatial and spatial measures of segregation. The key feature of our theoretical argument is that migrant networks evolve, accumulate, and generate higher than expected levels of internal migration to particular neighborhoods. As internal migrants become increasingly concentrated and a dynamic feedback process emerges between origin and destination, the metropolis becomes both segmented and segregated.

scholarly journals A critical evaluation of coastal erosion in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio R. Dillenburg ◽  
Luciana S. Esteves ◽  
Luiz J. Tomazelli
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Short Time

Evidences of coastal erosion in Rio Grande do Sul have been obtained by three methods: (a) analysis of the long-term morphodynamics and stratigraphy of coastal barriers, (b) annual shoreline mapping using the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), and (c) local beach profile measurements. The first method reflects coastal erosion as continuity of the geological evolution in the last 5 ka, taking place mainly along the southern half of gentle coastal projections. The second method represents a shorter temporal scale and indicates that approximately 80% of the coast is eroding. Beach profiling has been measured in very few places that are distant from each other since the early 1990s; consequently, their results reflect local and very short time shoreline behavior. A critical evaluation of published data addressing coastal erosion in Rio Grande do Sul strongly suggests that short and long term negative balance on the sediment budget is the main cause of erosion along this coastline.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Vanadium in Belgian and European Alluvial Soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cappuyns ◽  
E. Slabbinck
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Major Element Composition ◽  
European Data ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Relationship

Vanadium (V) is a naturally occurring trace element, but total concentrations in soils and sediments are also dependent on the parent material and might be influenced by anthropogenic activities (e.g., steel industry). Despite the fact that threshold values for V in soils and/or sediments exist in various European countries, in Belgium, V is not taken into account when the environmental quality of soils and sediments has to be evaluated, despite the existence of several (diffuse) sources for V. In the first part of the study, the occurrence of V alluvial soils in Belgium was compared with V concentrations in alluvial soils (floodplain soils) across Europe. By analysis of both the Belgian and European data, the relationship between physicochemical soil characteristics and total V concentrations was quantified and some areas polluted with V were detected. A regression equation, in which V concentrations in alluvial soils were expressed as a function of major element composition, was proposed for the Belgian and European data. Additionally, single extractions with CaCl2(0.01 mol L-1) and ammonium-EDTA (0.05 mol L-1) were used to estimate short- and long-term mobility of V in the alluvial soils.

Advances and challenges in geotectonic modelling

2014 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgene Burov ◽  
Thomas Francois ◽  
Philippe Yamato ◽  
Sylvie Wolf
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Regional Modelling ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractThermo-mechanical numerical modelling becomes a universal tool for studying short- and long-term lithosphere processes, validating and verifying geodynamic and geological concepts and putting stronger constraints on the observational data. State-of-the-art models account for rheological and mineralogical structure of the lithosphere, implement high resolution calculations, and their outputs can be directly matched with the geological and geophysical observations. Challenges of these models are vast including understanding of the behavior of complex geological systems and processes, parameterization of rheological parameters and other rock properties for geological conditions, not forgetting a large number of future methodological breakthroughs such as the development of ultra-high resolution 3D models coupled with thermodynamic processes, fluid circulation and surface processes. We here discuss both geological and geodynamic applications of the models, their principles, and the results of regional modelling studies focused on rifting, convergent and transform plate boundaries.

scholarly journals The Future of Higher Education: The Effects of Covid-19 on Teaching, Research and Internationalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Alper Çalıkoğlu ◽  
Sedat Gümüş
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Turkish Higher Education ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Internationalization In Higher Education ◽  
Short Time

Covid-19, which emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and has turned into a pandemic in a short time, has brought many social problems. It is clear that it will also have some short and long term effects in the field of higher education. Based on the recent publications, the current study aims to discuss what these effects will be in different dimensions of higher education. However, due to the difficulties of covering so many different pandemic-related developments within a single study, the current study focuses more on the effects of the Covid-19 process on teaching, research and internationalization in higher education. Based on the recent discussions on these focal themes, recommendations are made specifically for the Turkish higher education system.

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