Development of Water Radiolysis Code for the JMTR IASCC Test Loop

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hanawa ◽  
Tomonori Sato ◽  
Yuichiro Mori ◽  
Jin Oogiyanagi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Water Radiolysis ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Multiple Node ◽  
Irradiation Test ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Irradiation Field

In order to evaluate the water chemistry in the irradiation field during IASCC irradiation test, a water radiolysis code for IASCC irradiation loop system was developed. In the water radiolysis code, a multiple node model was introduced since the irradiation loop system has a wide rage temperature distribution as well as the dose distribution. To investigate the applicability of developed water radiolysis code, water chemistry at the water sampling point of the irradiation loop system was measured and compared with analytical results under several water chemistry conditions. Further, water chemistry distribution in the in-pile region as well as in the out-pile region was calculated by the developed water radiolysis code.

scholarly journals Analisis Hubungan Kelimpahan Plankton di Permukaan Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella lemuru) di Selat Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Hasanuddin Parulian Sihombing ◽  
I Gede Hendrawan ◽  
Yulianto Suteja
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Area Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

Lemuru fish is one of fishery commodity that has high economical value and one of fish that most catched by fisherman in Bali Strait. Lemuru fish had been caught in Bali Strait was fluctuating every month and every years. This condition was related with food source of Lemuru fish such as phytoplankton and zooplankton. So this research was conducted to explained the relationship phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance with Lemuru fish catched  in Bali strait. This study focus in Bali strait during March until May 2017. Determination of sampling point used area sampling method while water sampling occured in surface water with pouring method. Total of phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance in Bali strait in March until May had formed the sinusoidal model with their abundance ranged 301 ind/L – 604 ind/L and 7 ind/L – 12 ind/L. Plankton abundance in Bali strait in March until May (transisonal season 1) was categorized low abundance if compared with plankton abundance in another season. The low value of phytoplankton abundance caused by non upwelling phenomenon and grazing process and the low abundance of zooplankton caused by low rate of zooplankton and predation by Lemuru fish. Phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance had  strong relationship with Lemuru fish catched with correlation coefficient value 0.76 and 0.69. This condition caused by phytoplankton and zooplankton are source of Lemuru fish food.

Circulating Fused-Salt Fuel Irradiation Test Loop

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Trauger ◽  
J. A. Conlin
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Test ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Fused Salt

Characterization of In-Core Water Chemistry for Corrosion Control of LWRs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genn Saji
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Pile Test ◽  
Test Loop

This paper updates scientific bases of water chemistry in applying the author’s recent theory, which integrates the elemental radiation- and electro-chemistry reactions in the “Butlar-Volmer equation,” presented in ICONE21-16525. For the past several years the author has been trying to establish that the “long-cell” (a kin to macro-cell) corrosion mechanism is inducing practically all sorts of accelerated corrosion phenomena widely observed in water-cooled reactors, especially in aged plants. The theoretical electrochemical potential differences have been benchmarked with the published in-pile test results for both PWR- and BWR water chemistry environments. However the author’s previous verification efforts were limited to the extent that the curves were fitted with experimental results at a single point. The author re-formulated the basic theory and found that the redox potential difference consists of an electrochemical part (e.g., Nernst equation of dissolved hydrogen or oxygen) and radiation-induced perturbation term, the latter diminishes to zero without radiation. The author continued his studies to clarify whether our current scientific knowledge is sufficient to explain the in-core “chemistry” to reproduce the experimental results without the fitting parameter. Through his study he realized that the basic mechanism of the potential difference is still not sufficiently known. No fitting parameter was used for the PWR water chemistry in the DH region for practical engineering applications, although it is indispensable to confirm the results with an in-pile test loop. In the BWR-NWC the theoretical redox potential out of core was still necessary to be fitted with the experimental results, due to an effect of residual hydrogen peroxide detected by the reference electrode. In addition the calculated potential shift is several times larger than the experimental observation. With the reformulation the scientific validity of the author’s theory is further confirmed. He believes that there is no doubt that the “long-cell” takes place in LWRs, although details are still debatable.

Current Status of Design and Construction of IFMIF/EVEDA Lithium Test Loop

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kondo ◽  
T. Furukawa ◽  
Y. Hirakawa ◽  
I. Matsushita ◽  
M. Ida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Main Loop ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
And Function ◽  
Design And Construction

The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is a D+-Li neutron source aimed at producing an intense high energy neutron flux (2 MW/m2) for testing candidate fusion reactor materials. Under Broader Approach activities, Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) of IFMIF started on July 2007. Regarding to the lithium (Li) target facility, design and construction of EVEDA Li Test Loop is a major activity and is in progress. This paper presents the current status of the design and construction of EVEDA Li Test Loop. The EVEDA Li Test Loop consists of a main loop system and a purification loop system. The detail design was started at the early 2009. Fabrication of the loop was started at middle of 2009, and completion is planned at the end of Feb. 2011. Currently, the system diagram of the EVEDA Li Test Loop is finished to be defined. The diagram and function of major components in the main loop system and the purification loop system are described in this paper.

scholarly journals Biofilm Application as Biomonitoring Agent in Heavy Metals Pb2+ and Cr6+ in Ngimboh Coastal, Ujungpangkah, Gresik

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Agung Riswandi ◽  
Muhammad Mahmudi ◽  
Andi Kurniawan ◽  
Lutfi Nimatus Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Current Speed ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Biomonitoring Agent

<p>Biomonitoring is the use of organisms to monitor and assess/detect the condition of an environment. Ngimboh Coast is a coastal line in Ujungpangkah Subdistrict, East Java (Indonesia) which functions as a vessel berth, TPI, and shipyard industry which has the potential to dispose of waste containing Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cr<sup>6+</sup> which affect the physical condition of chemicals and organisms in these waters. This study aims to determine the Biofilm can be a biomonitoring agent in heavy metals Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cr<sup>6+</sup> and to know the physical chemical conditions in the Ngimboh coast, Ujungpangkah District, Gresik. This study uses a survey method. Biofilm, sediment and water sampling was carried out at 3 sampling points, namely the first sampling point area close to the disposal of shipyard industrial waste, the second sampling point was an empty land area, and sampling point three was the estuary area. The parameters were measured such as physical properties (temperature, current speed, water depth), chemical properties (pH, DO, salinity), metal content of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cr<sup>6+</sup> on biofilms, sediments and water.</p>

DETERMINAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE ESTADO TRÓFICO (IET) EM RIO URBANO LOCALIZADO NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ, BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 730-744
Author(s):  
Francisco Bruno Monte Gomes ◽  
Davis Pereira De Paula
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
State Index ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Del Rio

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o índice de estado trófico no rio Acaraú localizado em Sobral-Ceará-Brasil. A metodologia consistiu em revisões bibliográficas, análises de campo, delimitação de cinco pontos amostrais ao longo do trecho fluvial, culminando na coleta de amostras de água e avaliação dos parâmetros de Clorofila “A” e Fósforo Total, no período de março/2015 a março/2016. O trecho do rio Acaraú no espaço urbano de Sobral foi dividido em cinco trechos principais, abrangendo entrada e saída. A Clorofila “A” apresentou uma crescente nas estações PT-3 (40,0 µg/L), PT-4 (32,0 µg/L), nos meses de setembro/15 e PT-5 (12,5 µg/L), para o mês de março/16, os menores resultados foram nas estações PT-1 (6,2 µg/L a 9,0 µg/L), PT-2 (6,7 µg/L a 8,0 µg/L). O Fósforo Total variou entre 0,02 mg/l em agosto/15 na estação PT-1 a 22,5 mg/l em dezembro/15 da estação de coleta PT-5. O cálculo do IET (Índice de Estado Trófico) se mostrou com nível de predominância no grau mesotrófico nos pontos PT-1, PT-3 e PT-5, entre agosto/15 a dezembro/15. O grau hipereutrófico foi resultado nos pontos PT-3, PT-4 e PT-5, afetados significativamente pelas elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica e nutrientes. Portanto, conclui-se que as águas no rio Acaraú apresentaram vulnerabilidades aos processos de eutrofização, se fazendo necessária a implantação de um planejamento urbano eficiente.Palavras-chave: Eutrofização; Poluição hídrica; Qualidade de água; Rio urbano. ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was analyze the trophic state index in the Acaraú river located in Sobral-Ceará-Brazil. The methodology consisted of bibliographic reviews, field recognition, delimitation of five sampling points along the river, culminating in the water sampling and evaluation of the parameters of Chlorophyll "A" and Total Phosphorus, from March/2015 to March/2016. The section of the Acaraú River in the urban space of Sobral was divided into five main sections, including entrance and exit. Chlorophyll "A" increased in PT-3 (40.0 μg/L), PT-4 (32.0 μg/L) in September/15 and PT-5 (12.5 μg/L), for the month of  March/16, the lowest results were in PT-1 (6.2 μg/L at 9.0 μg/L), PT-2 (6.7 μg/L at 8.0 μg/L). Total Phosphorus ranged from 0.02 mg/L to 22.5 mg/L (August/15– December/15) at the PT-5 sampling point. The TSI (Trophic State Index) showed that there was predominance on mesotrophic degree at points PT-1, PT-3 and PT-5among August/15 and December/15. The hypereutrophic degree that was found in points PT-3, PT-4 and PT-5, were the results of a significant influence by high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients. Therefore, it is concluded that the waters in Acaraú River presents vulnerabilities to the eutrophication processes, and it is necessary to implement efficient urban planning.Keywords: Eutrophication; Water pollution; Water quality; Urban river. RESUMENLa investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el índice de estado trófico en el río Acaraú ubicado en Sobral-Ceará-Brasil. La metodología consistió en revisiones bibliográficas, análisis de campo, delimitación de cinco puntos de muestreo a lo largo de la sección del río, que culminó con la recolección de muestras de agua y la evaluación de los parámetros de Clorofila "A" y Fósforo Total, de marzo/2015 a marzo/2016. El tramo del río Acaraú en el espacio urbano de Sobral se dividió en cinco tramos principales, que incluyen la entrada y la salida. La clorofila “A” presentó un crecimiento en las estaciones PT-3 (40.0 µg/L), PT-4 (32.0 µg/L) en septiembre/15 y PT-5 (12.5 µg/L). L), para el mes de marzo/16, los resultados más bajos fueron en PT-1 (6.2 µg/L a 9.0 µg/L), PT-2 (6.7 µg/L a 8.0 µg/L). El fósforo total varió de 0.02 mg/l en agosto/15 en la estación PT-1 a 22.5 mg/l en diciembre/15 desde la estación de recolección PT-5. El cálculo del EIT (Índice de estado trófico) fue predominantemente mesotrófico en PT-1, PT-3 y PT-5, del 15 de agosto al 15 de diciembre. El grado hipereutrófico se obtuvo en los puntos PT-3, PT-4 y PT-5, significativamente afectados por las altas concentraciones de materia orgánica y nutrientes. Por lo tanto, se concluye que las aguas del río Acaraú presentan vulnerabilidades a los procesos de eutrofización, lo que hace necesaria la implementación de una planificación urbana eficiente.Palabras clave: Eutrofización; Contaminación del agua; Calidad del agua; Río urbano.

Out-of-pile experiments for design validation of material irradiation test loop

2022 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 108925
Author(s):  
Ch.S.S.S. Avinash ◽  
Kulbir Singh ◽  
E. Hemanth Rao ◽  
B. Malarvizhi ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Validation ◽  
Irradiation Test ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Material Irradiation

Effects of α and γ Radiolysis of Water on Alteration of the Spent UO2 Nuclear Fuel Matrix

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jégou ◽  
V. Broudic ◽  
A. Poulesquen ◽  
J. M. Bart
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Water Radiolysis ◽  
Reaction Interface ◽  
Alpha Emitters ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Irradiation Field ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Alpha Irradiation

ABSTRACTAn experimental approach was developed to quantify the influence of α and γ radiolysis of water on the dissolution kinetics of the spent UO2 fuel matrix. Two types of experiments were carried out: leaching experiments in deaerated media with UO2 fuel pellets doped with alpha emitters (238Pu), and leaching experiments with UO2 fuel pellets (standard or doped with alpha emitters) submitted to γ irradiation. Leaching experiments on UO2 pellets doped with alpha-emitters in deionized water and in deaerated media showed a correlation between the alpha particle flux at the reaction interface and uranium release in solution. The higher the alpha particle flux at the reaction interface, the higher the uranium release rate (mean rates over 30 days at S/V = 3 m−1: 15-year batch, r = 2.5 mg·m−2d−1; 1500-year batch, r = 0.2 mg·m−2d−1; 40 000-year batch, r = 0.04 mg·m−2d−1). These results, obtained at low flux levels that are realistic on a disposal time scale, supplement existing data describing the effect of doping on UO2 alteration at higher flux levels. Leaching experiments with the 1500-year batch under gamma irradiation allowed us to quantify the impact of a gamma irradiation field on the UO2 release. At 650 Gy·h−1 the effects of alpha irradiation appear to be fully masked since the uranium release is 450 times higher than in the presence of the alpha irradiation field alone. The Chemsimul code was also used to model water radiolysis and uranium release into solution.

Development of a Profiled Multilayer Tube for High Temperature Solar Receivers and Heat Exchangers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Jedamski ◽  
Lars Amsbeck ◽  
Reiner Buck ◽  
Raphael Couturier ◽  
Peter Heller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Nickel Based Alloy

In solar tower plants absorber tubes are the main components of various solar receivers, e.g. steam receivers, salt receivers, pressurized air receivers. The solar radiation on the absorber tube causes an inhomogeneous temperature distribution because most of the solar radiation along the tube circumference is one-sided. The resulting internal stresses of the tube and the maximum fluid temperature decrease the lifetime significantly. Within the projects SOLHYCO and FUTUR a profiled multilayer tube (PML) is currently under development in order to reduce this problem. It consists of three metallic layers: a high temperature nickel-based alloy at the outer side, a copper layer as intermediate layer and another high temperature nickel-based alloy at the inner side of the tube. The outer layer provides the structural strength while the copper is used to conduct the heat from the irradiated side to the opposite side. The inner layer protects the copper from corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures. In addition, a wire coil is inserted (profiled) to increase the heat transfer on the inside. The PML is manufactured in a hydro-forming process by deforming the tube composite with water under high pressure. To demonstrate the performance and to determine the heat transfer, the pressure loss and the temperature distribution, a test loop was built to simulate the different loads under laboratory conditions. The thermo hydraulic measurements and finite element calculations show that the temperature gradient and the maximum temperature can be reduced significantly. Based on these studies the advantages of the PML in comparison to common tubes will be presented as well as several possibilities for future improvements.

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