Current Status of Design and Construction of IFMIF/EVEDA Lithium Test Loop

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kondo ◽  
T. Furukawa ◽  
Y. Hirakawa ◽  
I. Matsushita ◽  
M. Ida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Main Loop ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
And Function ◽  
Design And Construction

The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is a D+-Li neutron source aimed at producing an intense high energy neutron flux (2 MW/m2) for testing candidate fusion reactor materials. Under Broader Approach activities, Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) of IFMIF started on July 2007. Regarding to the lithium (Li) target facility, design and construction of EVEDA Li Test Loop is a major activity and is in progress. This paper presents the current status of the design and construction of EVEDA Li Test Loop. The EVEDA Li Test Loop consists of a main loop system and a purification loop system. The detail design was started at the early 2009. Fabrication of the loop was started at middle of 2009, and completion is planned at the end of Feb. 2011. Currently, the system diagram of the EVEDA Li Test Loop is finished to be defined. The diagram and function of major components in the main loop system and the purification loop system are described in this paper.

Design and Construction of IFMIF/EVEDA Lithium Test Loop

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kondo ◽  
T. Furukawa ◽  
Y. Hirakawa ◽  
M. Ida ◽  
I. Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Target Assembly ◽  
Main Loop ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Electromagnetic Pump ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Design Activities

The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is a D+–Li neutron source aimed at producing an intense high energy neutron flux (2 MW/m2) for testing candidate fusion reactor materials. Under Broader Approach activities, Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDAs) of IFMIF started on July 2007. Regarding the lithium (Li) target facility, design, construction, and tests of EVEDA Li test loop (ELTL) is a major Japanese activity. The detail design of the loop was started since early 2009. Construction of the loop was started at the middle of 2009, and completion is scheduled at the end of February 2011. This paper focuses on the design of the loop configuration and the major components. ELTL was designed to consist of two major Li loops, which are a main loop and a purification loop including an impurity monitoring loop. The main loop equips a target assembly which produces a high-speed free-surface Li flow to test the flow stability as the D+ beam target. The maximum flow rate of an electromagnetic pump in the main loop was set to 3000 l/min, so that flow velocity in the target assembly is 20 m/s at the maximum. Regarding the purification loop, a cold trap and two hot traps and impurity monitors are installed in order to purify and monitor impurities in Li. The configuration of these components in addition to the specification and configuration of the whole loop is presented.

Focal Adhesion Kinase in Ovarian Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Platinum and Taxane-Resistant Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkene Levy ◽  
Khalid Alhazzani ◽  
Priya Dondapati ◽  
Ali Alaseem ◽  
Khadijah Cheema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Focal Adhesion Kinase ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mdr 1

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, which is an essential player in regulating cell migration, invasion, adhesion, proliferation, and survival. Its overexpression and activation have been identified in sixty-eight percent of epithelial ovarian cancer patients and this is significantly associated with higher tumor stage, metastasis, and shorter overall survival of these patients. Most recently, a new role has emerged for FAK in promoting resistance to taxane and platinum-based therapy in ovarian and other cancers. The development of resistance is a complex network of molecular processes that make the identification of a targetable biomarker in platinum and taxane-resistant ovarian cancer a major challenge. FAK overexpression upregulates ALDH and XIAP activity in platinum-resistant and increases CD44, YB1, and MDR-1 activity in taxaneresistant tumors. FAK is therefore now emerging as a prognostically significant candidate in this regard, with mounting evidence from recent successes in preclinical and clinical trials using small molecule FAK inhibitors. This review will summarize the significance and function of FAK in ovarian cancer, and its emerging role in chemotherapeutic resistance. We will discuss the current status of FAK inhibitors in ovarian cancers, their therapeutic competencies and limitations, and further propose that the combination of FAK inhibitors with platinum and taxane-based therapies could be an efficacious approach in chemotherapeutic resistant disease.

scholarly journals Immunomodulating Effects of Fungal Beta-Glucans: From Traditional Use to Medicine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Hidde P. van Steenwijk ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
Alie de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
And Function

The importance of a well-functioning and balanced immune system has become more apparent in recent decades. Various elements have however not yet been uncovered as shown, for example, in the uncertainty on immune system responses to COVID-19. Fungal beta-glucans are bioactive molecules with immunomodulating properties. Insights into the effects and function of beta-glucans, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, advances with the help of modern immunological and biotechnological methods. However, it is still unclear into which area beta-glucans fit best: supplements or medicine? This review has highlighted the potential application of fungal beta-glucans in nutrition and medicine, reviewing their formulation, efficacy, safety profile, and immunomodulating effects. The current status of dietary fungal glucans with respect to the European scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system and defense against pathogens has been reviewed. Comparing the evidence base of the putative health effects of fungal beta-glucan supplements with the published guidance documents by EFSA on substantiating immune stimulation and pathogen defense by food products shows that fungal beta-glucans could play a role in supporting and maintaining health and, thus, can be seen as a good health-promoting substance from food, which could mean that this effect may also be claimed if approved. In addition to these developments related to food uses of beta-glucan-containing supplements, beta-glucans could also hold a novel position in Western medicine as the concept of trained immunity is relatively new and has not been investigated to a large extent. These innovative concepts, together with the emerging success of modern immunological and biotechnological methods, suggest that fungal glucans may play a promising role in both perspectives, and that there are possibilities for traditional medicine to provide an immunological application in both medicine and nutrition.

scholarly journals A Compact Review of Laser Welding Technologies for Amorphous Alloys

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Jian Qiao ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Yanxiong Wu ◽  
Taixi Chen ◽  
Yixin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fast Heating

Amorphous alloys have emerged as important materials for precision machinery, energy conversion, information processing, and aerospace components. This is due to their unique structure and excellent properties, including superior strength, high elasticity, and excellent corrosion resistance, which have attracted the attention of many researchers. However, the size of the amorphous alloy components remains limited, which affects industrial applications. Significant developments in connection with this technology are urgently needed. Laser welding represents an efficient welding method that uses a laser beam with high energy-density for heating. Laser welding has gradually become a research hotspot as a joining method for amorphous alloys due to its fast heating and cooling rates. In this compact review, the current status of research into amorphous-alloy laser welding technology is discussed, the influence of technological parameters and other welding conditions on welding quality is analyzed, and an outlook on future research and development is provided. This paper can serve as a useful reference for both fundamental research and engineering applications in this field.

Developments and controversies in maxillofacial trauma: Repair of facial injuries

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Perry
Keyword(s):  
Functional Disability ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Rigid Fixation ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Function

Craniofacial trauma remains a common health problem throughout many areas of the UK. Although the ‘combination of alcohol and testosterone’ is often regarded as a major aetiological factor, a significant number of injuries are not related to either. Motor vehicle collisions and equine-related sports injuries in particular can result in devastating injuries to the skull and face and are frequently seen.Over the last few decades, management has moved away from closed methods to open exposure, anatomical reduction and internal ‘rigid’ fixation of facial fractures, with significant improvements in outcomes. Nevertheless, current management of ‘high energy’ or complex fractures can still result in residual functional disability and cosmetic deformity.Today’s challenge is to restore patients back to their pre-injury form and function, consistently, but this is not always possible. Greater understanding and a number of developments have significantly improved outcomes, although controversy still exists in some areas. Some of these will be discussed.

scholarly journals The Multifarious Functions of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Oral Cancer Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyako Kurihara-Shimomura ◽  
Tomonori Sasahira ◽  
Chie Nakashima ◽  
Hiroki Kuniyasu ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Oral Cancer Cells ◽  
And Function

Head and neck cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), are the sixth most common malignancies worldwide. OSCC frequently leads to oral dysfunction, which worsens a patient’s quality of life. Moreover, its prognosis remains poor. Unlike normal cells, tumor cells preferentially metabolize glucose by aerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, and the transition from PKM1 to PKM2 is observed in many cancer cells. However, little is known about PKM expression and function in OSCC. In this study, we investigated the expression of PKM in OSCC specimens and performed a functional analysis of human OSCC cells. We found that the PKM2/PKM1 ratio was higher in OSCC cells than in adjacent normal mucosal cells and in samples obtained from dysplasia patients. Furthermore, PKM2 expression was strongly correlated with OSCC tumor progression on immunohistochemistry. PKM2 expression was higher during cell growth, invasion, and apoptosis in HSC3 cells, which show a high energy flow and whose metabolism depends on aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. PKM2 expression was also associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and integration of glutamine into lactate. Our results suggested that PKM2 has a variety of tumor progressive functions in OSCC cells.

scholarly journals Research on the Application Mode of Green Environment Design under the Background of Artificial Intelligence

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Guanghui Song ◽  
Linlin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Design System ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Application Model ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Application Mode ◽  
Design Function ◽  
And Function

In the field of green environmental design, the design system of environmental art is a complex and multidimensional cross-domain fusion system, which can be regarded as a large task system. The development model that combines artificial intelligence (AI) technology and green environment design can not only integrate and analyze problems quickly and efficiently but also provide designers with new design ideas, gradually extending traditional environment design concepts, producing more diverse artistic creation methods, and shifting from a fixed application model to a more diversified artistic development. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper expounded the research status and significance of green environment design, elaborated the development background, current status, and future challenges of AI technology, introduced the network topology and platform frame structures of green environment design under the AI background, constructed a technical framework of green environment design under the AI background, analyzed the methods and principles of program design and function development, proposed the application model of green environment design under the AI background, conducted design function model optimization and intelligent design process analysis, and finally discussed the evaluation indicators and hierarchical analysis of the green environment design under the AI background. The results show that the application mode of combining AI technology and green environment design can not only help designers break through traditional time and space barriers and use multidimensional thinking but also help designers have a new understanding of artistic design concept and give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence in a green environment. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further research on the application mode of green environment design under the AI background.

Abstract 999: Gated Micro Computed Tomography Scanning: An Emerging Tool for Longitudinal Assessment of Murine Cardiac Remodeling.

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Y Sheikh ◽  
Timothy C Doyle ◽  
Maryam K Sheikh ◽  
Feng Cao ◽  
Katherine J Ransohoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
And Function

Background: Recent advances in high energy X-ray source computed tomography (CT) technology have made it possible to accurately image murine cardiac structure and function. We describe the use of a gated Micro CT system to assess cardiac remodeling in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Adult FVB mice (n = 10) were randomized to surgically induced MI by left coronary artery ligation or sham procedure. Dual gated cardiac and respiratory Micro CT scans were performed pre-operatively and at weeks 4, 8 and 12 post-procedure. End-diastolic and end-systolic images were acquired by gating on the ECG P-and S’-waves, respectively. Post-acquisition analysis was performed using image analysis software and the following parameters were quantified: left ventricular (LV) volume and mass, right ventricular volume and mass, right and left atrial volumes, and ventricular ejection fraction (EF). Results: Images were successfully acquired with a resolution of 100 microns allowing for identification and quantification of key cardiac structures (Fig 1A ). Following MI, animals exhibited left ventricular failure with significantly increased* end systolic and diastolic volumes by week 4. Ventricular dilation continued through week 8, plateauing by week 12. Left ventricular mass increased steadily over 12 weeks*, with a significantly decreased* LVEF of 28.0 ± .05% by week 12 (pre-MI: 66.7 ± .06%,*p < 0.01). Post-MI left ventricular change is detailed in Fig 1B . Conclusions: MicroCT scanning can be successfully used to characterize murine myocardial structure and function, making it a useful tool to assess cardiac phenotypes and models of cardiovascular disease.

Performing Charlotte

2012 ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Ann Light ◽  
Dorothea Kleine ◽  
Royal Holloway ◽  
Macarena Vivent
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Design ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
And Function

This article describes the use of a performed persona as a device in cross-cultural design activities. The device serves to elicit knowledge and manage expectations in the context of participatory design workshops to explore the purpose and function of a tool for tracing the supply chain of ethical goods from producer to consumer. The use of the method with the staff of a wine producer in Chile is analyzed and the benefits and challenges identified in using the form live in workshops. The authors conclude that the device offers potential but also requires some confidence and skill to invoke.

scholarly journals Very High Energy Gamma Rays from Plerions: CANGAROO Results

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
T. Kifune
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Region ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
High Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Very High

The current status of very high energy gamma ray astronomy (in ~ 1 TeV region) is described by using as example results of CANGAROO (Collaboration of Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback). Gamma rays at TeV energies, emitted through inverse Compton effect of electrons or π0 decay from proton interaction, provide direct evidence on “hot” non-thermal processes of the Universe, as well as environmental features, such as the strength of magnetic field in the emission region, for the non-thermal processes.

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