TRU-Fueled VHTRs for Applications Requiring an Extended Operation With Minimized Control and No Refueling

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Tsvetkov ◽  
Tom G. Lewis ◽  
Ayodeji B. Alajo
Keyword(s):  
Core Concept ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Extended Operation ◽  
Date Analysis ◽  
Extended Life ◽  
Single Batch

This paper presents an analysis of TRU-fueled VHTR systems focusing on applications requiring an extended operation with minimized control and no refueling (single-batch mode). As an example of such applications, international deployment opportunities for grid-appropriate VHTR systems could be mentioned addressing demands for electricity, industrial heat and co-generation in those regions where minimized servicing is desirable for various reasons. The study is performed for the hexagonal block core concept within the framework of the ongoing U.S. DOE NERI Project on utilization of higher actinides (TRUs and partitioned MAs) as a fuel component for extended-life VHTRs. The up-to-date analysis has shown reasonable reactivity swings, core life limits with respect to fast fluences and criticality.

TRU-Fueled Very High Temperature Reactors for Applications Requiring an Extended Operation With Minimized Control and No Refueling

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Tsvetkov ◽  
Tom G. Lewis ◽  
Ayodeji B. Alajo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Very High Temperature Reactor ◽  
Extended Operation ◽  
High Temperature Reactor ◽  
Very High ◽  
Single Batch ◽  
Transuranium Nuclide

This paper presents an analysis of transuranium nuclide (TRU)-fueled very high temperature reactor (VHTR) systems focusing on applications requiring an extended operation with minimized control and no refueling (single-batch mode). As an example of such applications, international deployment opportunities for grid-appropriate VHTR systems could be mentioned addressing demands for electricity, industrial heat, and co-generation in those regions where minimized servicing is desirable for various reasons. The study is performed for the hexagonal block core concept within the framework of the ongoing U.S. DOE Nuclear Energy Research Initiative project on utilization of higher actinides (TRUs and partitioned minor actinides (MAs)) as a fuel component for extended-life VHTRs. The up-to-date analysis has shown reasonable reactivity swings, core life limits with respect to fast fluences, and criticality.

scholarly journals Animal Bones Char Solubilization by Gel-EntrappedYarrowia lipolyticaon Glycerol-Based Media

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vassileva ◽  
Bettina Eichler-Lobermann ◽  
Antonia Reyes ◽  
Nikolay Vassilev
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Repeated Batch Fermentation ◽  
Repeated Batch ◽  
Single Batch

Citric acid was produced with free and k-carrageenan-entrapped cells of the yeastYarrowia lipolyticain single and repeated batch-shake-flask fermentations on glycerol-based media. Simultaneous solubilization of hydroxyapatite of animal bone origin (HABO) was tested in all experiments. The highest citric acid production by free yeast cells of 20.4 g/L and 18.7 g/L was reached after 96 h of fermentation in the absence and presence of 3 g/L HABO, respectively. The maximum values for the same parameter achieved by gel-entrapped cells in conditions of single batch and repeated-batch fermentation processes were 18.7 g/L and 28.1 g/L registered after 96 h and the 3d batch cycle, respectively. The highest citric acid productivity of 0.58 g L−1h−1was obtained with immobilized cells in repeated batch mode of fermentation when the added hydroxyapatite of 3 g/L was solubilized to 399 mg/L whereas the maximum efficiency of 89.0% was obtained with 1 g/L of HABO.

scholarly journals BIOELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT MECHANISMS OF PETROLUME REFINERY WASTEWATER IN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELL-CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593-1600
Author(s):  
Hussain & Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Dominant Mechanism ◽  
Organics Removal ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Single Batch ◽  
Maximum Removal

Three identically designed systems named designate as MFC-CW, CW1,and CW2 were constructed and setup in this study for simultaneous biotreatment of real petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) and bioelectricity generation. The three systems were planted with emergent wetland plant of Canna indica. These systems were operated simultaneously in a single batch mode to identify the dominant mechanism for organics removal from PRW. The operation period for each cycle was 8 days.  Results demonstrated that maximum removal efficiency of the organic content represented as chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 96.5%, 89.3%, and 91% observed in MFC-CW, CW1, and CW2, respectively, whereby, the highest power generated in MFC-CW only was 12.36 mW/m2. The potential convergence of the results in the three systems indicated that the dominant mechanism of organic content removal from PRW was via bioelectrochemical reactions by the anodic biofilm in the MFC.

APPLYING THE ISF TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE THE CAR PART MODELS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Tuan Dinh Phan ◽  
Binh Thien Nguyen ◽  
Dien Khanh Le ◽  
Phuong Hoang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Incremental Sheet Forming ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Real Size ◽  
Single Batch

The paper presents an application the research results previously done by group on the influence of technological parameters to the deformation angle and finish surface quality in order to choose technology parameters for the incremental sheet forming (ISF) process to produce products for the purpose of rapid prototyping or single-batch production, including all steps from design and process 3D CAD model, calculate and select the technological parameters, setting up manufacturing and the stage of post-processing. The samples formed successfully showed high applicability of this technology to practical work, the complex products with the real size can be produced in industries: automotive, motorcycle, civil...

REMOVAL OF DUNKEL BLAU DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY FUNGAL AND PEAT BIOMASS IN BATCH MODE

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Cretescu ◽  
Mariana Diaconu ◽  
Cornel Cojocaru ◽  
Roxana Elena Benchea ◽  
Cornel Pohontu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Batch Mode

Effect of sulfate on anaerobic processes fed with dual substrates

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongchin Polprasert ◽  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Optimal Feed

Anaerobic reactors were operated in a semi-batch mode and fed with the dual substrates glucose (G) plus acetic acid (Ac) as primary organic sources to study the effect of sulfate on COD oxidation. With glucose, COD removal by methane formation was seriously inhibited, resulting in COD accumulation in the reactor. Although acetic acid can be consumed by some sulfate-reducing species, it was not a major substrate for sulfate reduction, but was largely responsible for methane formation in the anaerobic mixed culture used in this study. With dual substrates, extreme inhibition of methanogenesis did not occur as did with glucose alone. Instead, methanogens were found to work in harmony with acid formers as well as sulfate reducers to oxidise COD. Interestingly, from 12-hour monitoring, increased G/Ac COD ratios decreased COD removal rates as well as biogas production, but resulted in higher sulfate reduction. This suggests that there should be an optimal feed G/Ac COD ratio, for which removal of both organics could be maximised.

Submerged upflow biotower operation and computer simulation

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Neufeld ◽  
Christopher A. Badali ◽  
Dennis Powers ◽  
Christopher Carson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
First Order ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Kinetics Of

A two step operation is proposed for the biodegradation of low concentrations (< 10 mg/L) of BETX substances in an up flow submerged biotower configuration. Step 1 involves growth of a lush biofilm using benzoic acid in a batch mode. Step 2 involves a longer term biological transformation of BETX. Kinetics of biotransformations are modeled using first order assumptions, with rate constants being a function of benzoic acid dosages used in Step 1. A calibrated computer model is developed and presented to predict the degree of transformation and biomass level throughout the tower under a variety of inlet and design operational conditions.

Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
F. Yamaguchi ◽  
Y. Suwa ◽  
Y. Urushigawa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
The Given ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

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