Research on Approval of Domestic and International Transport Container Application of Radioactive Material

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Yue ◽  
Zhan Lechang ◽  
Ma Wenjuan ◽  
Zhang Yongxin ◽  
Ma Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
Administrative Licensing

Due to the potentially dangerous properties of radioactive material, it is during the transport that the process of nuclear energy and technology uses are prone to nuclear and radiation accidents. Radioactive material hence must be transported with reasonable containers to achieve heat dissipation, confinement of radioactive material, radiation shielding and prevention of nuclear criticality. The key to transport safety lies in the designing and manufacturing quality of the transport containers. Therefore, the safety supervision for transport containers of radioactive material is a guarantee for the environment and the public from nuclear and radiation hazards, also is international general practice. As the most authoritative international organization, International Atomic Energy Agenda (IAEA) draws up and regularly revises safety regulation ‘Regulation for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material’, which proposes technical indicators for transport containers of radioactive material and responsibility of competent authorities. According to the transport modes, other international organizations, such as International Maritime Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Air Transport Association, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, enacted related transport safety regulations based on actual needs. This paper introduces the administrative licensing approval process for the transport containers of radioactive material in China and the research on competent authority and approval procedure in American, Russia, France, Canada, Germany and Great Britain. In China, National Nuclear Safe Administration (NNSA) is responsible for the licensing approval for the transport containers of radioactive material, including designing, manufacturing, using and transporting of transport containers. NNSA also organizes and formulates relevant administrative regulations and approval procedures, and has issued administrative regulation ‘Regulation on the Safe Management for the Transport of Radioactive Material’ and a series of administrative rules, management procedures, guide, technical documents and so on. These regulations established the sort management of radioactive materials and the responsibility for competent authority, and also stipulated approval and supervision for transport and transport containers of radioactive materials. While some other countries, such as America, certifies the transport containers of radioactive material to achieve the control. The domestic and overseas research into administrative licensing approval processes for transport containers is in view of the increasing transport of radioactive material among countries and the requirement of international transport. Transport containers with material of high potential risk, such as spent fuel, need to obtain the transport approval from the competent authority of transit or arrival country. Therefore, the research on domestic and other countries licensing management of transport containers of radioactive material, which is not only beneficial to improving the transport safety management of radioactive material in China, but also can promote international transport campaigns of radioactive material..

Control of radioactive substances

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Reay ◽  
David Sutton ◽  
Colin J Martin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Security And Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Impact

The possession, use, transport, and disposal of radioactive materials are controlled through regulation to limit exposure of the public and workers. This chapter describes the methodologies employed. Regulation is enacted through a system of notification and licensing, based upon recommendations from the IAEA and ICRP. A competent authority is empowered to permit an organization to hold, use, or dispose of any radionuclide, provided certain conditions are met. These take the form of limits on the quantities of different radioactive materials held, and requirements for security and protection. They require an evaluation of the impact of waste disposal. Methodologies for estimating doses received by critical groups from release of radioactive material into the environment are explained. Minimization of the waste produced and regulation of its disposal are essential components in the overall strategy to protect the environment. Controls over the transport of radioactive materials and medical administrations to patients are considered.

The International Safety Regime of Radioactive Materials Transport

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elsayed Mohamed Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Transport Workers ◽  
Smoke Detectors ◽  
Safe Transport ◽  
Transport Of Dangerous Goods

Every day thousands of shipments of radioactive materials are transported on international and national routes. These consignments, which are carried by road, rail, sea, air and inland waterway, can range from smoke detectors and cobalt sources for medical uses to reprocessed fuel for use in electricity generation. The transport of radioactive materials worldwide is governed by stringent regulatory regime, which includes standards, codes and regulations that have been continuously revised and updated over the past four decades. The safety measures have been developed to protect the general public, transport workers, emergency response teams and the environment against the risks posed by the cargoes. These risks include the radioactivity itself and other chemical risks that the cargoes may pose, such as toxicity or corrosivity. In addition to the safety regulations, the regulatory regime addresses other, related issues such as physical protection and liability. It was recognized that these standards should provide a uniform, global regime to ensure that all parties apply the same provisions. Since 1961, the UN (United Nations) has published and periodically reviewed and updated the regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material. These regulations are used today by more than 60 countries as the basic for their national regulations. In addition, the main international modal organizations responsible for the safe transport of dangerous goods by road, rail, sea, air and inland waterways have incorporated the relevant parts of the UN regulations into their own instruments. This paper will discuss and outline the principal regulations that apply to the transport of radioactive materials such as the UN regulations for the safe transport of radioactive materials, The UN regime governing the international transport of dangerous goods, the principal modal regulations governing the transport of dangerous goods and achievement of a more harmonized regime. and the international organizations responsible for their development and implementation.

scholarly journals Armenia’s transport security within the framework of ITC TRACECA and “North-South”

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 05004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahe Davtyan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
The North ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Transport Safety

The issues of transport policy of Armenia in the context of integration into the international corridors (ITC) TRACECA and the "North-South" are considered. The key geopolitical factors impeding the integration process are identified. The basic threats to Armenia’s transport safety as an important component of national security are determined. The potential role of Armenia in the implementation of the TRACECA transport corridor at the opening of the Armenian-Turkish border is identified. The possibility of Armenia’s integration into the international transport corridor "North-South" through the implementation of the project of construction of Iran-Armenia is revealed.

Development of a Technical Bases Document to Support the IAEA Regulations for Safe Transport of Radioactive Material

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Bajwa ◽  
Ronald B. Pope
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Director General ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Member States ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
Safe Transport ◽  
Technical Basis

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is entrusted by the Social and Economic Council of the United Nations with developing safety requirements for the safe transport of radioactive material. These requirements were first published as “Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material”, Safety Series No. 6, 1961 edition (The Regulations). At the same time, the Director General of the IAEA indicated that these regulations would be revised at appropriate intervals, in consultation with Member States, and with input from other relevant organizations, as appropriate. After 50 years, over 10 revisions of the Regulations have been published. These revisions have been taking into account experiences in transport, newly identified issues, new technologies, best practices, the demand for safer transport, and harmonization. Problems, challenges, the demand for improvements, and the need to provide biennial inputs to international dangerous goods model transport regulations have driven the transport community and the IAEA in particular, to facilitate the regular review and revision of the Regulations. With the passage of time, the scientific and technical heritage of several decades of development in transport safety has begun to fade, and the requirement to capture valuable knowledge which needs to be preserved for future reference has become clear. In general, every requirement in the regulations was developed based on an appropriate technical basis. The technical basis exists in a decentralized manner in many Member States with mature nuclear programs. Easier access to the existing technical bases for the Regulations could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the Regulations and could inform proposals for change that were previously considered but not accepted for various technical (or political) reasons. Knowledge capture and transfer can contribute to the development of and innovations in, transport safety. This paper provides an overview of the efforts to date that have been undertaken to develop a technical basis document for supporting the current transport regulations and will highlight the future plans for the development of this document.

Post September 11 Security Challenges to the Legal Regime of the Maritime Carriage of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440
Author(s):  
A. Suzette Suarez
Keyword(s):  
September 11 ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Nuclear Terrorism ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Post September 11

AbstractRadioactive material which is transported over sea has, so far, not resulted in any pollution of the sea. This paper reviews the legal regime of the maritime carriage of nuclear and radioactive materials and assesses its sufficiency in general and in the context of the risks of nuclear terrorism. It is noted that the respective provisions have been elaborated under the auspices of two different international organisations, namely IMO and IAEA, and that their reaction to possible nuclear threats is slow.

Experiences in the Field of Radioactive Materials Seizures in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Svoboda ◽  
Josef Podlaha ◽  
David Sˇi´r ◽  
Josef Mudra
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Nuclear Research Institute ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Radioactive Sources

In recent years, the amount of radioactive materials seizures (captured radioactive materials) has been rising. It was above all due to newly installed detection facilities that were able to check metallic scrap during its collection in scrap yards or on the entrance to iron-mills, checking municipal waste upon entrance to municipal disposal sites, even incineration plants, or through checking vehicles going through the borders of the Czech Republic. Most cases bore a relationship to secondary raw materials or they were connected to the application of machines and installations made from contaminated metallic materials. However, in accordance to our experience, the number of cases of seizures of materials and devices containing radioactive sources used in the public domain was lower, but not negligible, in the municipal storage yards or incineration plants. Atomic Act No. 18/1997 Coll. will apply to everybody who provides activities leading to exposure, mandatory assurance as high radiation safety as risk of the endangering of life, personal health and environment is as low as reasonably achievable in according to social and economic aspects. Hence, attention on the examination of all cases of the radioactive material seizure based on detection facilities alarm or reasonably grounds suspicion arising from the other information is important. Therefore, a service carried out by group of workers who ensure assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources from the municipal waste has come into existence in the Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc. This service has covered also transport, storage, processing and disposal of found radioactive sources. This service has arisen especially for municipal disposal sites, but later on even other companies took advantage of this service like incineration plants, the State Office for Nuclear Safety, etc. Our experience in the field of ensuring assessment of captured radioactive materials and eventual retrieval of radioactive sources will be presented in the paper.

Severe Transportation Accidents: Impacts of Severe Fires on Radioactive Material Transportation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Bajwa ◽  
Earl P. Easton ◽  
Darrell S. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Regulatory Commission ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
The Us ◽  
Material Transportation ◽  
Safe Transport ◽  
Regulatory Commission ◽  
Loss Of Strength

In 2007, a severe transportation accident occurred in Oakland, California in what is commonly known as the “MacArthur Maze” section of Interstate 580 (I-580). The accident involved a tractor trailer carrying gasoline that impacted an overpass support column and burst into flames. The subsequent fire burned for over 2 hours and led to the collapse of the overpass due to the loss of strength in the structural steel that supported the overpass. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) studied this accident to examine any potential regulatory implications related to the safe transport of radioactive materials, including spent nuclear fuel. This paper will discuss the details of the NRC’s MacArthur Maze fire investigation.

Study on Periodic Shielding Performance Measurements of Spent Fuel Transportation Package

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchao Sun ◽  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Xuexin Wang ◽  
Dajie Zhuang ◽  
Renze Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Neutron Measurement

The radioactive activity of spent nuclear fuel is high, and the transportation safety is concerned by public and specialist. The periodic radiation shielding performance measurements of spent fuels package is important content to ensure transportation safety of spent fuels. The radiation shielding performance of package must meet the requirements of “Regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material” (GB11806-2004). However, some of the problems and difficulties reflected in practice need to be solved, such as the measurements results of neutron radiation level of spent fuels package outer are not always reliable. In this paper, the periodic shielding performance measurements of one type of spent fuel transportation package are presented. The monitoring results of using both the neutron multi-sphere spectrometer and portable neutron measurement instrument are compared, and the Monte Carlo simulation is done to verify the measurements results. Some factors are discussed, and an optimized scheme is recommended.

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