Assessment of the Driving Capabilities of Persons With Disabilities Using an Advanced Vehicle Interface System

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zekri ◽  
A. Gage ◽  
S. J. Ying ◽  
S. Sundarrao ◽  
R. V. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Interface System ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

The opportunity for a person with disability to drive a vehicle presents a major step towards a full and independent life. In some cases, employment is not possible due to the inability to control a motor vehicle. Unfortunately, today’s driving evaluations are inadequate because of the qualitative techniques used. This paper presents a new approach to the driving assessment of persons with disabilities in which an advanced vehicle interface system is introduced. This system combines a six-degree-of-freedom force reflecting haptic device and a commercially available vehicle modification system. Innovative ergonomic tasks are presented to determine the appropriate position and orientation of the required driving input device. Further, model based computer assistance is incorporated by using assistance functions such as scaling and tremor filtering. Results, obtained from testing a subject with Muscular Dystrophy (MD), demonstrated that the quantitative ergonomic measurements obtained successfully determined the appropriate position and orientation of the modified steering wheel device.

Parameterization of Three-Dimensional Rigid Body Guidance Incorporating Planar Gear Connections in a Spatial Closed-Loop Mechanism With Parallel Consecutive Axes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rolda´n Mckinley ◽  
Carl Crane ◽  
David B. Dooner
Keyword(s):  
Computer Animation ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Repetitive Motion ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Spatial Mechanism ◽  
Joint Axis ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

This paper introduces a reconfigurable closed-loop spatial mechanism that can be applied to repetitive motion tasks. The concept is to incorporate five pairs of non-circular gears into a six degree-of–freedom closed-loop spatial chain. The gear pairs are designed based on given mechanism parameters and a user defined motion specification of a coupler link of the mechanism. It is shown in the paper that planar gear pairs can be used if the spatial closed-loop chain is comprised of six pairs of parallel joint axes, i.e. the first joint axis is parallel to the second, the third is parallel to the fourth, ..., and the eleventh is parallel to the twelfth. This paper presents the synthesis of the gear pairs that satisfy a specified three-dimensional position and orientation need. Numerical approximations were used in the synthesis the non-circular gear pairs by introducing an auxiliary monotonic parameter associated to each end-effector position to parameterize the motion needs. The findings are supported by a computer animation. No previous known literature incorporates planar non-circular gears to fulfill spatial motion generation needs.

Airbag Inflators

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Broadhead ◽  
D. Theodore Zinke
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Instrument Panel ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Column Collapse ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The design of an airbag restraint system presents a classic engineering challenge. There are numerous design parameters that need to be optimized to cover the wide range of occupant sizes, occupant positions and vehicle collision modes. Some of the major parameters that affect airbag performance include, the airbag inflator characteristics, airbag size and shape, airbag vent size, steering column collapse characteristics, airbag cover characteristics, airbag fold pattern, knee bolsters, seat, seat belt characteristics, and vehicle crush characteristics. Optimization of these parameters can involve extremely costly programs of sled tests and full scale vehicle crash tests. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) with regard to airbag design are not specific and allow flexibility in component characteristics. One design strategy, which is simplistic and inexpensive, is to utilize a very fast, high output gas generator (inflator). This ensures that the bag will begin restraining the occupant soon after deployment and can make up for deficiencies in other components such as inadequate steering column collapse or an unusually stiff vehicle crush characteristic. The use of such inflators generally works well for properly positioned occupants in moderate to high-speed frontal collisions by taking advantage of the principle of ridedown. When an airbag quickly fills the gap between the occupant and the instrument panel or steering wheel it links him to the vehicle such that he utilizes the vehicle’s front-end crush to help dissipate his energy, thus reducing the restraint forces. Unfortunately, powerful airbag systems can be injurious to anyone in the path of the deploying airbag. This hazard is present for short statured individuals, out of position children or any occupant in a collision that results in extra ordinary crash sensing time. Currently, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is proposing to rewrite FMVSS 208 to help reduce such hazards.

scholarly journals METHOD OF NATURAL MODELING WHILE PERFORMING COMPREHENSIVE FORENSIC MEDICAL, TRANSPORT TRACE EVIDENCE AND AUTO-TECHNICAL EXAMINATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 585-592
Author(s):  
O. V. Saushkin ◽  
A. A. Khaniants ◽  
A. G. Bondareva ◽  
S. V. Sulim
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Medical Transport ◽  
Mental Modeling

The article points to the importance of applying the method of natural modeling as one of the key methods in carrying out comprehensive forensic medical, transport trace evidence and auto-technical examinations. This method give an opportunity identifying a person who was behind steering wheel of the vehicle during a traffic accident in case of intervention in motor vehicle driving by another person: the driver, determining his location in the cabin; identifying the pedestrian's location regarding traumatic elements of the vehicle; determining person location at the time of the traffic accident: on a bicycle or as a pedestrian, led a bicycle nearby. The mentioned method also allows verifying testimonies of traffic accident participants and excludes farfetched options for its development in future. The importance of the method lies in the ability to accurately simulate (reproduce) the mechanism of a traffic accident regarding reciprocal contact of vehicles, with other objects and a person. Advantage of the method of natural modeling over the method of mental modeling which is more widespread while performing comprehensive forensic medical, transport trace evidence examinations is the opportunity to confirm or disprove versions of previous expert versions and reduce their number to a minimum that means in most cases to one. It allows coming to categorical conclusions about the mechanism of human contact with vehicle elements and is of decisive importance while solving by autotechnician experts issues on the establishment of a causal link between the actions of traffic accident participants and the requirements of Traffic Сode of Ukraine.

Dorsal Dislocation of the Trapezoid with Metacarpal Instability: A Boxing Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren I. Feder ◽  
Joseph P. Letzelter ◽  
Jacques H. Hacquebord
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Joint Dislocations ◽  
Anatomic Reduction ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background The second and third metacarpals are firmly attached, immobile structures which for the stable pillar of the hand. The trapezoid has been described as the keystone of the wrist, allowing a wide range of functional motion as well as inherent anatomic and biomechanical stability to the carpus. Case Description We describe a novel boxing injury with a 180-degree in situ dislocation of the right trapezoid with concomitant second and third carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations. Open anatomic reduction of the trapezoid was obtained, and subsequent percutaneous pinning of the metacarpals allowed for a full functional recovery and return to sports at 6 months. Literature Review Combined trapezoid and CMC dislocations are extremely rare and have only been previously described in high-energy mechanism injuries, involving a direct dorsal force such as from the steering wheel in a motor vehicle collision. There are no previous reports of this injury occurring in the setting of direct axial load along the metacarpals in a clenched fist such as in a punch or fighting injury. Clinical Relevance The rare nature of this combined injury, its novel mechanism, and the difficulty in interpreting acute injury and postreduction radiographs require that the treating physician have a high degree of clinical suspicion for associated injuries when CMC dislocations are identified. Treatment strategies incorporating intraoperative fluoroscopy, open anatomic reduction of the trapezoid under direct visualization along with closed reduction, and pinning of the metacarpals reestablish carpal stability and provide excellent long-term results.

scholarly journals Heuristic Evaluation of A Tesla Model 3 Interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1515-1519
Author(s):  
Eva L. Parkhurst ◽  
Lindsay B. Conner ◽  
James C. Ferraro ◽  
Mar E. Navarro ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Heuristic Evaluation ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Interface System ◽  
Usability Research ◽  
Heuristic Analysis

Usability research is important in our age of developing technology as it has significant implications for how technology is perceived by users. In 2017 Tesla released the Model 3, their most affordable electric-only vehicle to date. The vehicle is unique in its simplistic inner controls, composed of a single centralized touchscreen and instrumentation on the steering wheel. A heuristic analysis was conducted on the interface system of a Model 3 and several heuristic violations were identified. Suggestions to remedy the usability issues were provided along with considerations for future design of such interfaces.

scholarly journals Single-Switch User Interface for Robot Arm to Help Disabled People Using RT-Middleware

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Wakita ◽  
Natsuki Yamanobe ◽  
Kazuyuki Nagata ◽  
Eiichi Ono
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Interface System ◽  
Robot Systems

We are developing a manipulator system in order to support disabled people with less muscle strength such as muscular dystrophy patients. Such a manipulator should have an easy user interface for the users to control it. But the supporting manipulator for disabled people cannot make large industry, so we should offer inexpensive manufacturing way. These type products are called “orphan products.” We report on the construction of the user interface system using RT-Middleware which is an open software platform for robot systems. Therefore other user interface components or robot components which are adapted to other symptoms can be replaced with the user interface without any change of the contents. A single switch and scanning menu panel are introduced as the input device for the manual control of the robot arm. The scanning menu panel is designed to perform various actions of the robot arm with the single switch. A manipulator simulation system was constructed to evaluate the input performance. Two muscular dystrophy patients tried our user interface to control the robot simulator and made comments. According to the comments by them, we made several improvements on the user interface. This improvements examples prepare inexpensive manufacturing way for orphan products.

Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive Vehicles: A Guide for Medical Practitioners, edited by Leslie G. Norman. (Report by the Medical Commission on Accident Prevention). London : Royal College of Surgeons, 50 Brompton Road, London, S.W. 7, 1968, 48 pp. 5 shillings ($0.10)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
Allan B. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Medical Practitioners

This little paperback of about 50 pages contains valuable and difficult to locate information to help the physician whose advice is sought about a person's fitness to operate a motor vehicle. There are seven chapters dealing with important problems which may adversely affect an individual's fitness to drive. These are: cardiac conditions, diabetes, epilepsy, the nervous system, drugs, vision, ageing, locomotor disabilities, and fatigue and boredom resulting from long uninterrupted penods sitting behind the steering wheel.

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