Production Paradigms and Paradoxes

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior

Paradigms convey notions of fixed prescribed practices and examples that offer solutions to deal with the vagaries of human organizations and behavior. To define something as a paradigm freezes a sometime evanescent concept and fixes it with a phrase that enhances popular understanding and adoption. Paradigms offer a simplicity and degree of standardization to ideas that often become cliches, and, as such, inevitably entrain paradoxes. The world of production and manufacturing consists of multiple complex enterprises, industries, organizations, processes, relationships and cultures. There are many contradictions, contrasts, and dichotomies that change with time. This paper endeavors a historic and philosophic essay on some of the origins and paradoxes that surround our currently recommended production systems practices.

The Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Children‘s Behaviors and Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 796-806
Author(s):  
Sana M Kamal ◽  
Ali Al-Samydai ◽  
Rudaina Othman Yousif ◽  
Talal Aburjai
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Child Psychology ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Children ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world, which considered a relative of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), with possibility of transmission from animals to human and effect each of health and economic. Several preventative strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions have been used to slow down the spread of COVID-19. The questionnaire contained 36 questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on children`s behaviors and language have been distributed online (Google form). Data collected after asking parents about their children behavior during quarantine, among the survey completers (n=469), 42.3% were female children, and 57.7 were male children. Results showed that quarantine has an impact on children`s behaviors and language, where stress and isolationism has a higher effect, while social relations had no impact. The majority of the respondents (75.0%) had confidence that community pharmacies can play an important role in helping families in protection their children`s behaviors and language as they made the highest contact with pharmacists during quarantine. One of the main recommendations that could be applied to help parents protection and improvement their children`s behaviors and language in quarantine condition base on simple random sample opinion is increasing the role of community pharmacies inpatient counseling and especially towards children after giving courses to pharmacists in child psychology and behavior. This could be helpful to family to protect their children, from any changing in them behaviors and language in such conditions in the future if the world reface such the same problem.

The Use of fNIRS for Unique Contributions to Social and Affective Neuroscience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Burns ◽  
Matthew D. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Meaningful Interaction

Social and affective neuroscience studies the neurophysiological underpinnings of psychological experience and behavior as it relates to the world around us. Yet, most neuroimaging methods require the removal of participants from their rich environment and the restriction of meaningful interaction with stimuli. In this Tools of the Trade article, we explain functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a neuroimaging method that can address these concerns. First, we provide an overview of how fNIRS works and how it compares to other neuroimaging methods common in social and affective neuroscience. Next, we describe fNIRS research that highlights its usefulness to the field – when rich stimuli engagement or environment embedding is needed, studies of social interaction, and examples of how it can help the field become more diverse and generalizable across participant populations. Lastly, this article describes how to use fNIRS for neuroimaging research with points of advice that are particularly relevant to social and affective neuroscience studies.

To the discussion about the modern world order

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A. Mustafabeyli
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
World System ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Second World

In many political researches there if a conclusion that the world system which was founded after the Second world war is destroyed of chaos. But the world system couldn`t work while the two opposite systems — socialist and capitalist were in hard confrontation. After collapse of the Soviet Union and the European socialist community the nature of intergovernmental relations and behavior of the international community did not change. The power always was and still is the main tool of international communication.

Jung as philosopher: archetypes, the psychoid factor, and the question of the supernatural

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Mills
Keyword(s):  
Psychic Life ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior

In a previous essay offering an exegesis of Jung's metaphysics, I concluded that his position on the archetypes emphasizes basic constitutional patterns that manifest as imago, thought, affect, fantasy, and behavior inherent in all forms of human psychic life (bios) that are genetically transmitted yet realized on different stratifications of psychical order, including mystical properties emanating from supernatural origins. Mark Saban and Robert Segal provide thoughtful critiques of my work that challenge my basic premises. Saban represents a particular Jungian camp conforming to empirical apologetics, while Segal is more critical of Jung's philosophical ideas. The two main themes that emerge from their criticism are that I fail to show that Jung is a metaphysician, and that the archetypes are not supernatural phenomena. Here I will be concerned with recapitulating Jung's metaphysical postulations about the world and psyche and address more specifically the question of his commitment to supernaturalism.

scholarly journals The weirdest people in the world?

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Henrich ◽  
Steven J. Heine ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Phenomenon

AbstractBehavioral scientists routinely publish broad claims about human psychology and behavior in the world's top journals based on samples drawn entirely from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies. Researchers – often implicitly – assume that either there is little variation across human populations, or that these “standard subjects” are as representative of the species as any other population. Are these assumptions justified? Here, our review of the comparative database from across the behavioral sciences suggests both that there is substantial variability in experimental results across populations and that WEIRD subjects are particularly unusual compared with the rest of the species – frequent outliers. The domains reviewed include visual perception, fairness, cooperation, spatial reasoning, categorization and inferential induction, moral reasoning, reasoning styles, self-concepts and related motivations, and the heritability of IQ. The findings suggest that members of WEIRD societies, including young children, are among the least representative populations one could find for generalizing about humans. Many of these findings involve domains that are associated with fundamental aspects of psychology, motivation, and behavior – hence, there are no obviousa priorigrounds for claiming that a particular behavioral phenomenon is universal based on sampling from a single subpopulation. Overall, these empirical patterns suggests that we need to be less cavalier in addressing questions ofhumannature on the basis of data drawn from this particularly thin, and rather unusual, slice of humanity. We close by proposing ways to structurally re-organize the behavioral sciences to best tackle these challenges.

Cultural and communicative formulae as a reflection of the concepts of culture as an expression of the spiritual content of civilizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Alekseevna Zavyalova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
And Behavior

The analysis of civilizational pictures of the world through the prism of linguistic universals allows one to reveal the general and the particular in the «human — world» system, which contributes to a more complete understanding of their cultural semantics. Cultural standards vary across civilizations. Their description on the material of multi-structural, genetically heterogeneous languages, civilizations and cultures makes it possible to reveal the common foundations of people's social life despite the fact that their cultural codes are different, often creating the impression of a complete incompatibility of the thinking and behavior of their representatives. Therefore, studies based on the description of fundamentally dissimilar civilizations and cultures, demonstrating the groundlessness of such impressions, are relevant. The article examines cultural and communicative formulae as a reflection of the civilizational pictures of the world. Cultural and communicative formulae (CCF) are defined by the author as the simplest, stable, high-frequency units of culture used at all levels of social and cultural life, which, being a combination of signs, compactly represent the culture in its similarity and difference with other cultures and make it possible to establish a dialogue of cultures in minimum of data involved. CCF provide communication through verbal forms of language, gestures, styles, etc., i.e. through all cultural forms that can be translated into signs of a given culture and are sufficient to have a minimal idea of it. The article examines the CCF using the example of concise verbal forms belonging to folk speech, which include proverbs and sayings, «winged words», precedent phrases that are a component of the civilizational picture of the world. The materials of the article may be of interest for preparation at the higher educational institution in the framework of the fields of «Linguistics», «International relations» and «Culturology».

scholarly journals Changes in the perception of values of cultural areas in the world

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Them Ngoc Tran
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Values ◽  
Subjective Aspect ◽  
And Behavior

The paper presents the changes of values in three cultural areas the West, Northeast Asia, and Southeast Asia through two aspects: (i) behavior’s aspect and (ii) subjective aspect. From behavior’s aspect, the paper presents the changes in ways of cognition, organization and behavior. From subjective aspect, the paper presents the changes in countries in the West, Northeast Asia, and Southeast Asia. Due to the main domination of Western values in the process of globalization and integration, the more different from the West in terms of cultural values are, the stronger and more difficult the changes in values become. For this reason,Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia are more interested in building their own values.

scholarly journals LOS ESPACIOS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE CAFÉ SUSTENTABLE EN MÉXICO EN LOS INICIOS DEL SIGLO XXI

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Pablo Pérez Akaki
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
The World

Este documento analiza los diferentes sistemas de producción cafetaleros que han cobrado importancia en el ámbito internacional a los que usualmente se les llama alternativos y sustentables, sin cuestionarse suficiente sobre el concepto mismo de sustentabilidad. Al revisar la evolución de estos sistemas a escala mundial, es claro que en ellos se presentan numerosas contradicciones que generan varias interrogantes sobre las bondades que anuncian. Además se analiza cómo estos han cobrado importancia en México y se realiza un esfuerzo de cuantificación de su importancia. Se presenta finalmente un caso que muestra que los sistemas alternativos son importantes, pero limitados para conseguir al menos la suficiencia económica que demandan los productores. ABSTRACT This document analyzes the different coffee production systems that have gained importance in the international sphere which are commonly referred to as alternative and sustainable, without sufficient questioning of the concept itself of sustainability. Upon reviewing the evolution of these systems at the world scale, it is clear that numerous contradictions are presented in them that generate various questions on the virtues they extol. The document also analyzes how they have acquired importance in Mexico and an effort is made to quantify the same. Finally, a case is presented that demonstrates that the alternative systems are significant but limited in their procurement of at least the economic sufficiency demanded by producers.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE PREVALENCE OF AFFECTIVE AND NEUROTIC DISORDERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POLTAVA REGION FOR 2014-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1125
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Havlovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
World Population ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction: Recently, the situation regarding the mental health of the world population has a tendency to deteriorate and is one of the most serious problems, which faced all countries of the world and in particular the European region (ER), since at one or another period of life problems of mental health arise at least in every fourth person of the ER, and Ukraine is no exception. ATO in Ukraine was started in 2014. We investigated the level of hospitalized mental morbidity in the residents of the city of Poltava since 2014. The aim: To study hospitalized mental morbidity of the population of the Poltava region since 2014. Materials and methods: Studied the incidence and prevalence of depressive disorders in Poltava and Poltava regions according to the new WHO classification. ICD-11. According to the report form 10 “Report on the Disease of Persons with Mental Disorders and Behavior”, the following classes of depression were studied: F30-39 Mood Disorders (Affective Disorders, F40-48 - Neurotic and Somatic Disorders, F43.0 - Severe Stress and Compliance). Review: Affective disorders are a set of psychiatric disorders, also called mood disorders. The main types of affective disorders are depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Symptoms vary by individual and can range from mild to severe. Conclusions: The rate of growth of morbidity of affective disorder has decreased, compared with 2014, by -14% and neurotic disorders has increased 3,2%.

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