Human Vocal Tract Modeling and Geometric Parameterization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Z. Tameem ◽  
Bhavin V. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Geometrical Information ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

This investigation uses a multi disciplinary approach to standardize a non-invasive method for measuring human vocal tract morphology. A series of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans are performed on the subject’s vocal tract and a detailed three-dimensional model is created through image processing and computer modeling. This information is compared with the vocal tract measurements obtained with Eccovision Acoustic Pharyngometer, in order to establish the accuracy of the instrument. The model is then used to develop other specific models through parametric modeling. This method is useful in creating solid models with limited geometrical information and helps researchers study the human vocal tract changes due to aging and degenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Research, study, design and development of an artificial ear splint model by using a 3D printer

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Athanasios Argyropoulos ◽  
Pantelis N. Botsaris
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Printer Model ◽  
Human Ear

The aim of this research study centers around the design and development, using a three-dimensional model of an ear-splint. This study results from the need of a non-invasive method, as the current techniques used in otoplasty have succeeded in reducing the risk of complications, but without drastically reducing the rate of postoperative deformity. Indeed, stick out ears present a deformity that occurs in 5% of the population. Factors such as psychosocial impact and intimidation lay the foundations for the need for such a method. This paper essays to create, through 3D printing, a case customized into the ear of any person of all ages. The splint was made on Zortrax M200 3D printer model, equipped with the V3 Hotend head, and the material used for printing was 16 grams of Z-FLEX. It is noted that the creation of the case is innovative and original. After putting the ear-splint into test, by applying it on a human ear, two conclusions emerge. First, it is very light, weight, just 16 grams, and second, it offers comfort and convenience to the user. In order to get results for its practicality, a clinical rehabilitation study is recommended.

scholarly journals Creación de implantes 3D en procesos de conservación y restauración de vidrio arqueológico

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Díaz-Marín ◽  
Elvira Aura-Castro
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Glass Bowl ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This article describes the restoration of a glass bowl from the 16th-17thcentury by creating its three-dimensional (3D)model. The final purpose is to work with this model in order to avoid damaging situations that are associated with the manipulation of fragile objects. The gap areas, those corresponding to the missing fragments not found in the excavation, were carried out by constructing digital implants. A restricted area of the 3D model has been duplicated in order to accommodate it to confined intervals of the gap. The final implants were printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament. These implants replace the lost areas and give stability back to the item by recovering the original morphology. The result can be compared with the outcome obtained by a traditional process, but differs due to the fact that requires minimum manipulation of the item, so it can contribute to preserve and safeguard the restored object. This is a non-invasive method which is offered as an alternative treatment, where the archaeological object is replaced by its virtual model in the steps of the process after 3D data acquisition. Significant differences have not been found in the 3D printing results obtained with the two types of filaments tested (white and clear).

Comparison of Three-Dimensional Patellofemoral Joint Reaction Forces in Persons With and Without Patellofemoral Pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jen Chen ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Joint Reaction

The purpose of this study was to determine if persons with patellofemoral pain (PFP) exhibit differences in patellofemoral joint reaction forces (PFJRFs) during functional activities. Forty females (20 PFP, 20 controls) underwent two phases of data collection: (1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) biomechanical analysis during walking, running, stair ascent, and stair descent. A previously described three-dimensional model was used to estimate PFJRFs. Resultant PFJRFs and the orthogonal components were reported. The PFP group demonstrated lower peak resultant PFJRFs and posterior component and superior component of the PFJRFs compared with the control group across all conditions. However, the PFP group had a higher peak lateral component of the PFJRF in three out of the four conditions evaluated. The lower resultant PFJRFs suggested that individuals with PFP may employ strategies to minimize patellofemoral joint loading, but it did not result in diminished lateral forces acting on the patella.

scholarly journals Measurement of Blood Flow in Arteriovenous Malformations before and after Embolization Using Arterial Spin Labeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Suazo ◽  
B. Foerster ◽  
R. Fermin ◽  
H. Speckter ◽  
C. Vilchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Conventional Angiography ◽  
Vein Of Galen Aneurysm ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Shunt Occlusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Partially Occluded

The assessment of shunt reduction after an embolization of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) or fistula (AVF) from conventional angiography is often difficult and may be subjective. Here we present a completely non-invasive method using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure shunt reduction. Using pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL), we determined the relative amount of signal attributed to the shunt over 1.75 s and 6 different slices covering the lesion. This amount of signal from the shunt was related to the total signal from all slices and measured before and after embolization. The method showed a fair agreement between the PASL results and the judgement from conventional angiography. In the case of a total or subtotal shunt occlusion, PASL showed a shunt reduction between 69% and 92%, whereas in minimal shunt reduction as judged by conventional angiography, the ASL result was −6% (indicating slightly increased flow) to 35% in a partially occluded vein of Galen aneurysm. The PASL method proved to be fairly reproducible (up to 2% deviation between three measurements without interventions). On conclusion, PASL is able to reliably measure the amount of shunt reduction achieved by embolization of AVMs and AVFs.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Convolutional Autoencoder Extracts Features of Structural Brain Images With a “Diagnostic Label-Free” Approach: Application to Schizophrenia Datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Yuki Hashimoto ◽  
Genichi Sugihara ◽  
Jun Miyata ◽  
Toshiya Murai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Convolutional Autoencoder ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

There has been increasing interest in performing psychiatric brain imaging studies using deep learning. However, most studies in this field disregard three-dimensional (3D) spatial information and targeted disease discrimination, without considering the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a 3D convolutional autoencoder (3D-CAE) for extracting features related to psychiatric disorders without diagnostic labels. The network was trained using a Kyoto University dataset including 82 patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 90 healthy subjects (HS) and was evaluated using Center for Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) datasets, including 71 SZ patients and 71 HS. We created 16 3D-CAE models with different channels and convolutions to explore the effective range of hyperparameters for psychiatric brain imaging. The number of blocks containing two convolutional layers and one pooling layer was set, ranging from 1 block to 4 blocks. The number of channels in the extraction layer varied from 1, 4, 16, and 32 channels. The proposed 3D-CAEs were successfully reproduced into 3D structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with sufficiently low errors. In addition, the features extracted using 3D-CAE retained the relation to clinical information. We explored the appropriate hyperparameter range of 3D-CAE, and it was suggested that a model with 3 blocks may be related to extracting features for predicting the dose of medication and symptom severity in schizophrenia.

Clinical and laboratory studies of the effectiveness of a non-invasive method of treating caries in the stage of white chalky spot with Icon technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
S.U. Maksyukov ◽  
D.V. Yogina ◽  
D.S. Maksyukov
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Tooth Dentin ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive method of treating caries at the stage of a white chalky spot with the Infiltration Concept (Icon) technology. Materials and methods: the clinical and laboratory study included 5 teeth with caries in the white spot stage, removed according to orthodontic indications. The study included scanning in an X-ray computer microtomograph of selected samples of teeth with caries in the white spot stage before and after treatment of the caries area according to Icon technology. For each sample, 1601 X-ray projections were obtained, which were then reconstructed using the XRM Reconstructor software. The comparison of the mineralization density of the samples was carried out by calibrating the obtained images, reconstructing three-dimensional models of tooth samples and constructing maps of the mineralization fee. Results and conclusions. Data on the mineralization density before and after treatment according to Icon technology were obtained in the following areas of the studied teeth: caries in the white spot stage; dentin bordering on caries (the area touches the dentinoemal border as close as possible to the caries area); the area of healthy enamel on the opposite side of the tooth; dentin bordering on healthy enamel (near the dentinoemal border and as close as possible to the healthy enamel area). A comparison of the results obtained does not allow us to conclude about the effectiveness of treatment according to the Icon technology. Moreover, the mineralization density of the studied areas significantly decreased after the treatment.

The relationship between myocardial and hepatic T2 and T2* at 1.5T and 3T MRI in normal and iron-overloaded patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supika Kritsaneepaiboon ◽  
Natee Ina ◽  
Thirachit Chotsampancharoen ◽  
Supaporn Roymanee ◽  
Sirichai Cheewatanakornkul
Keyword(s):  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
3T Mri ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Best Fit

Background Cardiac and liver iron assessment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is non-invasive and used as a preclinical “endpoint” in asymptomatic patients and for serial iron measurements in iron-overloaded patients. Purpose To compare iron measurements between hepatic and myocardial T2* and T2 at 1.5T and 3T MRI in normal and iron-overloaded patients. Material and Methods The T2 and T2* values from the regions of interest (ROIs) at mid-left ventricle and mid-hepatic slices were evaluated by 1.5T and 3T MRI scans for healthy and iron-overloaded patients. Results For iron-overloaded patients, the myocardial T2 (1.5T) and myocardial T2 (3T) values were 60.3 ms (range = 56.2–64.8 ms) and 55 ms (range = 51.6–60.1 ms) (ρ = 0.3679) while the myocardial T2* (3T) 20.5 ms (range = 18.4–25.9 ms) was shorter than the myocardial T2* (1.5T) 35.9 ms (range = 31.4–39.5 ms) (ρ = 0.6454). The hepatic T2 at 1.5T and 3T were 19.1 ms (range = 14.8–27.9 ms) and 15.5 ms (14.6–20.4 ms) (ρ = 0.9444) and the hepatic T2* at 1.5T and 3T were 2.7 ms (range = 1.8–5.6 ms) and 1.8 ms (range = 1.1–2.9 ms) (ρ = 0.9826). The line of best fit exhibiting the linearity of the hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2* (3T) had a slope of 2 and an intercept of –0.387 ms (R = 0.984). Conclusion Our study found myocardial T2 (1.5T) nearly equal to T2 (3T) with myocardial T2* (3T) 1.75 shorter than myocardial T2* (1.5T). The relationship of hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2* (3T) was linear with T2* (1.5T) approximately double to T2* (3T) in iron-overloaded patients. This linear relationship between hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2 (3T) could be an alternative method for estimating liver iron concentration (LIC) from 3T.

Application of Parametric Modeling in Optimization Design on Aluminum Alloy Wheels

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 2834-2836
Author(s):  
Deng Li Yi
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Alloy Wheel

With the development of lightweight car，the applications of aluminum alloy wheels are changed extensively. At present, there are many disadvantages in aluminum alloy wheel profession of my country such as the blindness in design, the long period, material consumption, the high cost and so on. In this paper, the CAD as well as the FEA technology is applied. The parametric three-dimensional model of aluminum alloy wheel is constructed using UG software. Taken the former's thickness and the angle between two formers as variables, the wheels with different sizes and shapes are established. Automobile aluminum alloy wheel hub is built and this is helpful to the development of CAE / CAM in the aluminum alloy wheel design.

Quantification of three-dimensional skin displacement artefacts on the equine tibia and third metatarsus

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel L Lanovaz ◽  
Siriporn Khumsap ◽  
Hilary M Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bone Segment ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Truncated Fourier Series ◽  
Displacement Patterns

AbstractRoutine study of three-dimensional (3D) tarsal kinematics is hampered by errors due to the displacement of skin surface-tracking markers relative to the underlying bones. Reliable kinematics can be obtained with bone-fixed markers, but an accurate, non-invasive method would have more applications. Simultaneous kinematic data from skin-based and bone-fixed markers attached to the tibia and third metatarsus were collected from three trotting subjects. The motion of the skin-based markers was extracted relative to the underlying bone motion tracked using the bone-fixed markers. The 3D skin displacement patterns for the skin-based markers were parameterized using a truncated Fourier series model. These displacements were expressed in terms of the local coordinate system for each bone. Skin displacement artefacts were observed in all three axes of each bone segment, with the largest displacements occurring at the proximal tibia. The mean skin displacement amplitudes in the tibia were 6.7%, 3.2% and 10.5% of segment length, and for the third metatarsus were 2.6%, 1.4% and 3.8% of segment length, for the craniocaudal, mediolateral and longitudinal segment axes, respectively. Skin displacement patterns could be expressed concisely using the Fourier series model. Displacements were also consistent between subjects, which should allow them to be used as a basis for developing a correction procedure for 3D tarsal joint kinematics.

scholarly journals Deep vascular imaging in the eye with flow-enhanced ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Damsgaard ◽  
Henrik Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Flow Enhancement

The eye's retina is one of the most energy-demanding tissues in the body and thus requires high rates of oxygen delivery from a rich blood supply. The capillary lamina of the choroid lines the outer surface of the retina and is the dominating source of oxygen in most vertebrates, but this vascular bed is challenging to image with traditional optical techniques due to its position behind the highly light-absorbing retina. Here we describe a high-frequency ultrasound technique with flow-enhancement to image deep vascular beds (0.5 - 3 cm) of the eye with a high spatiotemporal resolution. This non-invasive method works well in species with nucleated red blood cells (non-mammalian and fetal animal models), and it generates non-invasive three-dimensional angiographies without the use of contrast agents that is independent of blood flow angles and with a higher sensitivity than Doppler based ultrasound imaging techniques.

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