Urban Energy System Analysis by MARKAL Model in China

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hou ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Lequn Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Service Demand ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
The Future ◽  
Energy Service Demand ◽  
Urban Energy

The Chinese government has planned to reduce domestic energy consumption by 20% by 2010. In order to analysis the energy saving potential in the city’s energy system from different aspects, an energy consumption model of China energy system was provided based on bottom-up MARKAL model, which assessed the future competitiveness of different types of energy supplications and the future growth in energy service demand in China under different scenarios and conditions. The modeled results were also analyzed and discussed. The model established the foundation for the study of energy technology development and energy policy in the future.

Hydrogen: A Very Promising Energy Carrier for the Future

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenophon K. Kakatsios
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Future

As we enter the new century, new fuels may be required for both stationary power and transportation to ameliorate the triple threats of local air pollution, global climate change and dependence on unstable nations for imported oil. Shifting away from fossil fuels may be essential within decades if citizens in the developing world achieve even a significant fraction of the per capita energy consumption enjoyed by the industrial nations. Business-as-usual or evolutionary shifts in energy consumption patterns may not be adequate. New paradigms and new energy initiatives may be required to protect the environment while providing the energy services we have come to expect. Hydrogen could play a significant role as a clean energy carrier in the future for both stationary and transportation markets. Produced from renewable energy or nuclear power, hydrogen could become the backbone of a truly sustainable energy future – an energy system that consumes no non-renewable resources and creates no pollution or greenhouse gases of any type during operation. However, to achieve this potential, hydrogen must overcome serious economic, technological and safety perception barriers before it can displace fossil fuels as the primary energy carrier throughout the world. In this paper we explore the current status of hydrogen and fuel cell systems compared to other fuel options for reducing pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and suggest the introduction of hydrogen into the energy economy.

scholarly journals Impact of power-to-gas on the cost and design of the future low-carbon urban energy system

2022 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 117713
Author(s):  
Jussi Ikäheimo ◽  
Robert Weiss ◽  
Juha Kiviluoma ◽  
Esa Pursiheimo ◽  
Tomi J. Lindroos
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Power To Gas ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals A New Framework to Evaluate Urban Design Using Urban Microclimatic Modelling in Future Climatic Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasaraden Mauree ◽  
Silvia Coccolo ◽  
Dasun Perera ◽  
Vahid Nik ◽  
Jean-Louis Scartezzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Building more energy efficient and sustainable urban areas that will both mitigate the effect of climate change and adapt for the future climate, requires the development new tools and methods that can help urban planners, architect and communities achieve this goal. In the current study, we designed a workflow that links different methodologies developed separately, to derive the energy consumption of a university school campus for the future. Three different scenarios for typical future years (2039, 2069, 2099) were run as well as a renovation scenario (Minergie-P). We analyse the impact of climate change on the heating and cooling demand of the buildings and determined the relevance of the accounting of the local climate in this particular context. The results from the simulations showed that in the future there will a constant decrease in the heating demand while for the cooling demand there will be a significant increase. It was further demonstrated that when the local climate was taken into account there was an even higher rise in the cooling demand but also that the proposed renovations were not sufficient to design resilient buildings. We then discuss the implication of this work on the simulation of building energy consumption at the neighbourhood scale and the impact of future local climate on energy system design. We finally give a few perspective regarding improved urban design and possible pathways for the future urban areas.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Household Energy Metabolism: A Methodological Contribution

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adél Strydom ◽  
Josephine Kaviti Musango ◽  
Paul K. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Urban Metabolism ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Household Energy Consumption ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Urban Energy

Urban metabolism assessments enable the quantification of resource flows, which is useful for finding intervention points for sustainability. At a household level, energy metabolism assessments can reveal intervention points to reshape household energy consumption and inform decision-makers about a more sustainable urban energy system. However, a gap in the current urban metabolism research reveals that existing household energy consumption studies focus on outflows in the form of greenhouse gas emissions, and have been mostly undertaken at the city or national level. To address this gap, this study developed a method to assess household energy metabolism focusing on direct energy inflows in the form of carriers, and through-flows in the form of services, to identify intervention points for sustainability. Then, this method was applied to assess the energy metabolism of different households in Cape Town, South Africa, as categorized by income groups. The study argued that the developed method is useful for undertaking bottom–up household energy metabolic assessments in both formal and informal city settings in which more than one energy carrier is used. In cities where only national or city-level data exists, it provides a method for understanding how different households consume different energy carriers differently.

An Integrated Energy Strategy for the Optimization of Retrofit Actions in Urban Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Ilaria Falcone ◽  
Michele Grimaldi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Energy System Model ◽  
Urban Energy

This research work aims at providing a methodology to analyze quantitatively energy sustainability of existing urban fabric and creating an urban energy system model as a decision support tool for the urban planning processes. Spatially resolved energy demand allows the identification of critical areas of energy consumption (CECA), in particular, a local-type spatial analysis has been adopted, GIS based, using a Kernel density estimation (KDE) and maps algebra. Within the CECA a simulation of energy consumption on an annual base for a representative building was carried out, in order to explore and estimate limits and vulnerabilities and to propose a hierarchy of energy-savings measures, addressing different scales of criticality in urban energy systems, from the city to district and block level.

scholarly journals Linking Dynamic Building Simulation with Long-Term Energy System Planning to Improve Buildings Urban Energy Planning Strategies

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1242-1265
Author(s):  
Lidia Stermieri ◽  
Chiara Delmastro ◽  
Cristina Becchio ◽  
Stefano Paolo Corgnati
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Simulation ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The Impact

The building sector is currently responsible of 40% of global final energy consumption, influencing the broader energy system in terms of new electricity and heat capacity additions, as well as distribution infrastructure reinforcement. Current building energy efficiency potential is largely untapped, especially at the local level where retrofit interventions are typically enforced, neglecting their potential synergies with the entire energy system. To improve the understanding of these potential interactions, this paper proposes a methodology that links dynamic building simulation and energy planning tools at the urban scale. At first, a detailed bottom-up analysis was conducted to estimate the current and post-retrofit energy demand of the building stock. The stock analysis is further linked to a broader energy system simulation model to understand the impact of building renovation on the whole urban energy system in terms of cost, greenhouse gas emission, and primary energy consumption up to 2050. The methodology is suited to analyze the relationship between building energy demand reduction potential and clean energy sources’ deployment to shift buildings away from fossil fuels, the key priority for decarbonizing buildings. The methodology was applied to the case study city of Torino, Italy, highlighting the critical role of coupling proper building retrofit intervention with district-level heat generation strategies, such as modern district heating able to exploit low-grade heat. Being able to simulate both demand and supply future alternatives, the methodology provides a robust reference for municipalities and energy suppliers aiming at promoting efficient energy policies and targeted investments.

scholarly journals Enabling energy system transition toward decarbonization in Japan through energy service demand reduction

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 120464
Author(s):  
Ken Oshiro ◽  
Shinichiro Fujimori ◽  
Yuki Ochi ◽  
Tomoki Ehara
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Service Demand ◽  
System Transition ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Energy Service Demand ◽  
Energy Service

scholarly journals Analysis and Modeling of Energy Demand System in Iran’s Buildings and the Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Seyed Morteza Emami ◽  
Mehdi Ravanshadnia ◽  
Mahmood Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract In this study, the demand of the Iran’s energy carriers is analyzed and modeled for the country’s largest consumer, buildings and related industries, in the status quo and future perspective. To this objective, the building sector is divided into two sections: household section (residential buildings) and services (business-office and service buildings) according to the ISIC classification that each of these sections is divided into sub-sections. In addition, building-related industries include some non-metallic minerals and basic metals industries. Regarding to scenario-based energy planning helps to increase the understanding of different probabilities in the future. The future outlook for the system is modeled with the horizon of 2035 with the LEAP modeling tool in the “reference” scenario, indicating the sustainability of the existing energy system in the future. The results of modeling indicate an increasing demand for energy as expected that energy demand carriers in buildings and related industries from 559.8 million barrels in 2014 reach up to 1040.6 million barrels of crude oil equivalents in 2035. Therefore, in order to reduce energy consumption, solutions are modeled and analyzed according to the scenarios for “Improvement of energy consumption in buildings and related industries”, then the greenhouse gas emissions and their environmental effects are investigated.

scholarly journals Research on the Composite Index of the Modern Chinese Energy System

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjing Cheng ◽  
Dongxu Mo ◽  
Yajun Tian ◽  
Wenqiang Xu ◽  
Kechang Xie
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
New Era ◽  
Modern Chinese

The Chinese government is going to “push ahead the revolution of energy production and consumption, and establish a clean, low-carbon, secure, and efficient energy system”, which points out a direction for the energy industry in the new era. Using the analytic hierarchy process of the system analysis method, we constructed an indicator system of the modern Chinese energy system, and by determining the weighting of each indicator, we obtained the composite index of the modern Chinese energy system, as well as four sub-indexes of clean, low-carbon, secure, and efficient. Then, we investigated policy changes and energy development characteristics of important periods, and performed historical trend analysis. Finally, we forecasted the composite index and four sub-indexes by 2050, and proposed an energy development path and policy suggestions to achieve a modern Chinese energy system as soon as possible.

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