A Numerical Analysis of Pre-Deployment Effect of Side-Impact Airbags in Reducing Occupant Injuries

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang Tay ◽  
Rasoul Moradi ◽  
Hamid M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
Head Injury Criteria ◽  
Occupant Injuries

Side impact collisions represent the second greatest cause of fatality in motor vehicle accidents. Side-impact airbags (SABs), though not mandated by NHTSA, have been installed in recent model year vehicle due to its effectiveness in reducing passengers’ injuries and fatality rates. However, the increase in number of frontal and side airbags installed in modern vehicles has concomitantly led to the rise of airbag related injuries. A typical side-impact mechanical or electronic sensor require much higher sensitivity due to the limited crush zones making SABs deployment more lethal to out-of-position passengers and children. Appropriate pre-crash sensing needs to be utilized in order to properly restraint passengers and reduce passengers’ injuries in a vehicle collision. A typical passenger vehicle utilizes sensors to activate airbag deployment when certain crush displacement, velocity and or acceleration threshold are met. In this study, it is assumed that an ideal pre-crash sensing system such as a combination of proximity and velocity and acceleration sensors is used to govern the SAB pre-deployment algorithm. The main focus of this paper is to provide a numerical analysis of the benefit of pre-deploying SAB in lateral crashes in reducing occupant injuries. The effectiveness of SABs at low and high speed side-impact collisions are examined using numerical Anthropomorphic Test Dummy (ATD) model. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is primarily used to evaluate this concept. Velocities ranging from 33.5mph to 50mph are used in the FEA simulations. The ATD used in this test is the ES-2re 50th percentile side-impact dummy (SID). Crucial injury criteria such as Head Injury Criteria (HIC), Thoracic Trauma Index (TTI), and thorax deflection are computed for the ATD and compared against those from a typical airbag system without pre-crash sensing. It is shown that the pre-deployment of SABs has the potential of reducing airbag parameters such as deployment velocity and rise rate that will directly contribute to reducing airbag related injuries.

Circumferential fracture of the skull base causing craniocervical dislocation

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Rao ◽  
Adam S. Arthur ◽  
Ronald I. Apfelbaum
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Craniocervical Junction ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Fractures of the craniocervical junction are common in victims of high-speed motor vehicle accidents; indeed, injury to this area is often fatal. The authors present the unusual case of a young woman who sustained a circumferential fracture of the craniocervical junction. Despite significant trauma to this area, she suffered remarkably minor neurological impairment and made an excellent recovery. Her injuries, treatment, and outcome, as well as a review of the literature with regard to injuries at the craniocervical junction, are discussed.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Airbag and Study on the Effect of Airbag Parameters on Head Injury Criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1666
Author(s):  
Aakash R
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Occupant Safety ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Abstract: In the case of an accident, inflatable restraints system plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of vehicle occupants. Frontal airbags have saved 44,869 lives, according to research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).Finite element analysis is extremely important in the research and development of airbags in order to ensure optimum protection for occupant. In this work, we simulate a head impact test with a deploying airbag and investigate the airbag's parameters. The airbag's performance is directly influenced by the parameters of the cushion such as vent area and fabric elasticity. The FEM model is analysed to investigate the influence of airbag parameter, and the findings are utilised to determine an optimal value that may be employed in the construction of better occupant safety systems. Keywords: airbag, finite element method, occupant safety, frontal airbag, vent size, fabric elasticity, head injury criteria

Automobile Airbag Impulse Noise: Otologic Symptoms in Six Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Saunders ◽  
William H. Slattery ◽  
William M. Luxford
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Occupant Injuries ◽  
Safety Systems

Automobile airbag safety systems have successfully reduced the number of occupant injuries from motor vehicle accidents. Unfortunately, airbags are also associated with some inherent risk, including a high-amplitude, short-duration noise from airbag deployment. A review of the available research in the automobile industry indicates that the peak amplitude of this noise may exceed 170 dB sound pressure level. Despite the increasingly wide application of airbags in automobiles, there have been no previous reports of airbag-related otologic injuries. We have encountered six patients with otologic symptoms that appear to be related to airbag impulse noise. Five of these patients have documented hearing loss, one patient reported persistent tinnitus, and two patients have significant dysequilibrium. Although permanent hearing loss from airbag noise appears to be rare, temporary threshold shifts are probably much more common. It is important, therefore, that the clinician be aware of the noise associated with airbag inflation and the possibility of acoustic trauma from these safety devices.

scholarly journals Treatment Options for Brachial Plexus Injuries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios I. Sakellariou ◽  
Nikolaos K. Badilas ◽  
Nikolaos A. Stavropoulos ◽  
George Mazis ◽  
Helias K. Kotoulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Conservative And Operative Treatment

The incidence of brachial plexus injuries is rapidly growing due to the increasing number of high-speed motor-vehicle accidents. These are devastating injuries leading to significant functional impairment of the patients. The purpose of this review paper is to present the available options for conservative and operative treatment and discuss the correct timing of intervention. Reported outcomes of current management and future prospects are also analysed.

Pneumopericardium in blunt chest trauma after high-speed motor vehicle accidents

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Ladurner ◽  
Lars M. Qvick ◽  
Felix Hohenbleicher ◽  
Klaus K. Hallfeldt ◽  
Wolf Mutschler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Chest Trauma ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Neurotrauma ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Zeineddine ◽  
Cole T. Lewis ◽  
Ryan S. Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
White Matter Tract ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Damage

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that results from a blunt head injury. In this particular subtype, accelerating-decelerating motions cause white matter tract damage and preferentially impact regions including the corpus callosum and brainstem. The neurological compromise therefore relates to the severity of the axonal insult. The most common mechanism for DAI is high-speed motor vehicle accidents, and the clinical presentation is typically out of proportion to the CT findings. As a result, MRI is the modality of choice. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options, and management is identical to other forms of TBI including intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure management. As this disease is heterogeneous, survivors have a wide range of functional outcomes.

Development of Experimental and Computational Models to Evaluate the Stability of Aortic Stent Grafts in Motor Vehicle Accidents

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurosh Darvish ◽  
Mehdi Shafieian ◽  
Vasily Romanov ◽  
Vittorio Rotella ◽  
Michael D. Salvatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stent Graft ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Stent Grafts ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Stability

A high speed impact system was developed to study the stability of stent grafts in thoracic porcine models in vitro. The experiments were guided by a finite element model of the test setup to identify the conditions that increase the risk of instability of the stent graft. The models showed that at anterior inclination of 45° and average deceleration of 40 G, which represented a frontal crash, the stent graft can move up to 1 mm. The results of this study may be helpful in developing future grafts to withstand shocks experienced in motor vehicle accidents.

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