Simulation of Heat Flux Between Two Parallel Metal Plates With Thermic Fluid as a Media

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Bharambe ◽  
A. M. Patil ◽  
Sandip Kale ◽  
Kumar Digambar Sapate ◽  
Prakash Dabeer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Flow Control Valve ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Present Experimentation ◽  
Solar Rays

Most of the house hold needs are served by either the electricity or the LPG gas.[1] All fuel supply from fossil fuels seems to be limited and can generate an acute shortage in the coming future. Availability of power will be a vital problem, to be faced by future generations. Harnessing the power from solar rays seems to be the most reliable path towards sustainability of energy. The use of solar energy in the form of photovoltaic has captured a firm base in markets. However thermal energy extraction seems to be a neglected area, which has a huge potential. Hence the present paper deals with the study of extraction of such solar thermal energy using thermic fluids. With this aim, the author has initiated a study to extract the heat from solar concentrated power (CSP) systems. This system will heat the thermic fluid due to thermal energy in solar rays. This hot fluid is then passed through a guided passages formed between two plates and is used for heating top and bottom surfaces of two metallic plates. These hot surfaces then can be used as source of energy for home and industrial purposes. However in the present experimentation work, the scope of work is limited to thermal heat handling through the plate surfaces. Hence the supply of thermal energy from CSP is equivalently replaced by electric heater/ gas burners and is not discussed in details. Different flow passages are considered for result generation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using FLUENT as tool in ANSYS 14.5 software is used for studying and comparing the results. Mathematical model is generated using preselected option of passage. Further Experimental validation is sorted in the end to verify the above results with temperature of upto 150°C. Selection of heat transfer fluid is based on sustainable higher operating temeperature. Pressure drop across the oil passage has indicated the inherent energy losses of the system. With the use of flow control valve and hydraulic pump the flow through the passage is regulated. Thus the energy flow can be controlled with respect to the requirement of process being carried out at each of the top and bottom surface respectively.

Performance of Large-Scale Seasonal Thermal Energy Stores

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ochs ◽  
W. Heidemann ◽  
H. Müller-Steinhagen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Type System ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Construction Type

More than 30 international research and pilot seasonal thermal energy stores (TESs) were realized within the past 30 years. Experiences with operation of these systems show that TES are technically feasible and work well. Seasonal storage of solar thermal energy or of waste heat from heat and power cogeneration plants can significantly contribute to substitute fossil fuels in future energy systems. However, performance with respect to thermal losses and lifetime has to be enhanced, while construction costs have to be further reduced. This paper gives an overview about the state-of-the-art of seasonal thermal energy storage with the focus on tank and pit TES construction. Aspects of TES modeling are given. Based on modeled and measured data, the influence of construction type, system configuration, and boundary conditions on thermal losses of large-scale TES is identified. The focus is on large-scale applications with tank and pit thermal energy stores and on recent investigations on suitable materials and constructions. Furthermore, experiences with the operation of these systems with respect to storage performance are discussed.

Integration of Concentrating Solar Heat into Oil and Gas Operations for Increased Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Carnelli ◽  
Carla Lazzari ◽  
Tamara Passera ◽  
Chiara Sartori ◽  
Joseph Epoupa Mengou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
Solar Field

Abstract According to Eni's mission to reach carbon neutrality in the countries where it operates, the development of renewable energy could be a key element in the company's strategy for evolving the business model towards a low carbon scenario. In this context, concentrating solar technology can provide a real solution in order to goal the carbon neutrality. Solar thermal energy could be an alternative source to the fossil fuel in industrial processes and also in the oil&gas sector, where the upstream operations (dewatering, stabilization, sweetening…) require substantial amounts of heat. Usually this heat is easily produced by combustion of natural gas available at the oil&gas site. Concentrating Solar Heat (CSH) technology allows to produce process heat by using specific collectors that concentrate the solar radiation onto a receiver where a heat transfer fluid is heated at medium/high temperature. A thermal energy storage can be added to the solar field to increase the solar fraction and reducing so the CO2 emissions. The fraction of thermal energy not covered by the CSH plant can be provided by a fossil source that acts as a back-up. With this in mind, a pre-feasibility study was carried out for the integration of a medium temperature(∼200-300°C) concentrating solar plant with or without a thermal storage system and a back-up gas heater in an oil&gas site located in North Africa. The solar heat partially replaces the duty necessary to the heat exchangers that heat the crude to guarantee the separation from water and best stabilization. Reflective areas of the solar field and total occupancy, thermal energy production during the year, solar multiple and preliminary evaluations of cost of investment are presented. Obviously, the reduction of CO2 emission increases with the solar fraction but the competitiveness and cost-effectiveness of the integration strongly depend on the local cost of natural gas, the presence of government incentives, CO2 credit tax, etc. In any case the proposed solution represents an important step towards energy transition.

scholarly journals Solar Hybrid Hatching Machine Applying a Thermal Accumulator with a Reflective Array Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Budhy Setiawan ◽  
Riska Nur Wakidah
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
One Year ◽  
Switching Method ◽  
Electronic Controller

In this research, a hybrid egg hatcher machine applied two types of energy for heating, namely solar thermal energy and an electric (fossil) heater. Solar energy was the main energy, and the electric heater was the secondary energy. This hybrid system was related to Indonesian geography, with high solar energy of an average of 5 kWh/m2/day in one year. Therefore, solar thermal energy storage will be effectively used in Indonesia to reduce fossil energy exploitation. The solar thermal energy was stored in an accumulator with a 4 m2 collector.  The solar thermal accumulator was an insulated vessel with high reflectivity and insulation.  The heat energy was stored and kept in some water bars. In maximizing absorption capability, the collector used a reflective array method that was operated by opening or closing the arrays. The arrays were controlled by an electronic controller, which compared the thermal energy inside with the energy of sunlight. The array’s movement to charge the accumulator was done automatically by using the hysteresis switching method. The electric heater will be used only if the accumulator temperature is less than 40 °C. The capacity of the egg hatcher machine accumulator was 300 eggs. Raw data were collected using a data logger of DAQ (Data Acquisition Interface) DT9813 to determine and analyze the performance of system parameters.  From the data collected, the solar thermal accumulator showed its capability for storing thermal energy up to 7.07 kWh. However, its average absorption efficiencies were 54–58 % by direct solar and 60–70 % by diffuse solar. Experiments verified the effectiveness of the designed accumulator. The experimental results showed that the electrical energy consumption was reduced up to 64 %.

3D FEM Model to Improve the Heat Transfer in Concrete for Thermal Energy Storage in Solar Power Generation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Panneer Selvam ◽  
Marco Castro
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Storage Unit

Solar thermal energy has been shown to be a viable alternative resource. At this time, the concentrating solar power systems costs are 13–17 cents/kWh. The goal of DOE is to reduce the cost to 5 cents/kWh by 2015 using energy storage techniques. Several storage schemes and materials have been developed over the past two decades. Concrete is an inexpensive storage medium for sensible heat. Research has been done lately using concrete blocks which are heated up by circulating synthetic oil at a maximum temperature of 390 °C through a series of pipes embedded in the concrete. However, the efficiency of the storage unit can be improved by increasing the operating temperature, which is in turn limited by the materials used. A 3-D finite element computer model was written in order to perform parametric studies during the thermal charging and discharging of concrete. The program allows modifying the physical properties of the heat transfer fluid and storage material. A feature to add fins attached to the flow line was developed to evaluate improvements in heat transfer. Several fin configurations were studied. The increase in energy stored in the system, and the corresponding cost increase are reported.

Underground CSP Thermal Energy Storage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohany Mahmud ◽  
Mustafa Erguvan ◽  
David W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Thermal Sources

Abstract Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is one of the most promising ways to generate electricity from solar thermal sources. In this situation, large tracking mirrors focus sunlight on a receiver and provide energy input to a heat engine. Inside the receiver the temperature can be well above 1000°C, and molten salts or oils are typically used as heat transfer fluid (HTF). However, since the sun does not shine at night, a remaining concern is how to store thermal energy to avoid the use of fossil fuels to provide baseline electricity demand, especially in the late evenings when electricity demand peaks. In this study, a new method will be investigated to store thermal energy underground using a borehole energy storage system. Numerical simulations are undertaken to assess the suitability and design constraints of such systems using both molten salt as HTF.

Economic Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Gasification Utilizing Solar Thermal Energy

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Shi ◽  
Songling Wang ◽  
Youyin Jing ◽  
Yuefen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
New System

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an important source of residential gas in China due to its advantages. Traditional LPG vaporizer mainly depends on electric heating as its heat source, which leads to high energy cost and can not meet the demand of energy conservation policy. For a community with 1000 families in Beijing, a new LPG gasification system utilizing solar thermal energy has been designed in this paper. This system uses hot water produced by a solar water heating system as vaporization heat source and uses an electric heater as assisted heat source. In order to understand the economic efficiency of the whole system better, we compare the economic feasibility of the new system with that of traditional LPG vaporization system using annual cost method (AC). In addition, a spreadsheet computer program is used in this paper for purpose of the sensitivity analysis of the parameters. The optimal operation life for each system is calculated. The result shows that the new system is more economical than the traditional system and is an environmentally friendly alternative.

Experimental Analysis of Storage of Solar Energy in Phase Change Materials Encapsulated in Copper Cylinders

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
S. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Charging Mode

The Demand and increase in the cost of fossil fuels have made the entire world to turn towards the renewable energy resources. There are various renewable energy out of which solar energy is the efficient energy and available in abundant. The main disadvantage of solar energy is that it is not continuous and it is available only in the day time and so the storage of solar thermal energy is considered as an important one. In this study, thermal energy is transmitted through the therminol-55 oil which is the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). D-Mannitol-a white, crystalline solid with the chemical formula C6H8(OH)6 is taken as the Phase Change Material (PCM) and stored inside the copper cylindrical encapsulations. The D-mannitol PCM was stored in the copper cylinder encapsulations with and without fins. These encapsulations were immersed in a cylindrical mild steel tank containing HTF. The therminol-55 oil was allowed to flow through the solar parabolic trough collector to transfer heat. Along with this, an additional heater was provided for heating HTF up to the temperature 300oC. This hot oil was allowed to flow in to the PCM tank where the PCM copper cylinders were immersed. The experiments were conducted in two stages one with finned encapsulations and another without finned encapsulations. Here the experiments were done in two modes one is charging mode and another one is discharging mode. In charging mode the temperature of the HTF was raised to 300oC and was allowed to cool during its discharging mode to 120 oC. The time taken for the charging and discharging of heat was measured to analyse the heat transfer study of thermal storage system.

scholarly journals Solar Thermal Energy For Buildings – Current State and Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Bajc ◽  
◽  
Milan Gojak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
System Power

Almost 50% of final energy consumption in Europe and worldwide is addressed to thermal energy, which is significantly higher than energy needs for electricity for lighting and electrical appliances and for traffic. Building sector takes a significant share (about 40 %) in total primary energy consumption. Limited amounts of fossil fuels, their negative impact on environment, high and unstable prices and import dependency of fuels caused intensive growth and usage of solar thermal energy in the world. Solar heating and cooling are the most important solar sector worldwide, where installed solar system power is about 500 GWth and it is higher than PV system power and also the power of solar thermal plants. Today, according to the total installed collector capacity, China dominates on first place, then Europe, while United States comes right after, according to the SHC Agency data for 2016. With a district solar thermal plant in municipality Pančevo, Republic of Serbia also has its place at a world solar thermal map. This paper presents a review of different sizes, number, installed power and types of solar collectors and other characteristics of built solar thermal systems worldwide. Potential for possible usage of solar thermal system was identified and technological and other challenges and perspectives for future growth in the field of solar thermal energy were discussed.

Strategies for sustainable and efficient energy consumption in a rehabilitation clinic in southern Spain

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ayala ◽  
Llanos Mora-López ◽  
Mariano Sidrach-de-Cardonaa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
The One ◽  
Rehabilitation Clinic

This article presents the work carried out to implement the use of solar thermal energy in a rehabilitation clinic located in southern Spain. The objective is to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and improve energy sustainability and efficiency of clinical current processes and contribute to a better use of the abundant solar resources in this area. We have developed a strategy that allows better utilization of production of solar collectors. In the first phase we have designed a solar thermal system for domestic hot water supply of 30 double rooms (half the current capacity of the center) and pool heating. This pool is outdoors, with a capacity of 160 m3 and is used for medical treatment during the months of May to September. The management of the use of water heated in the collectors during this period has been established to give priority to the pool heating and the use of the excess energy to supply the hot water system. We have simulated the system performance using the F-char method. The results show that the designed system is able to cover 100% of the energy needs of the pool and cover 60% of the hot water needs of the 30 rooms. It can be stated that the use of this type of energy in facilities such as the one described in this paper allows maximizing the thermal energy produced and represent a significant saving of fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Indoor Solar Thermal Energy Saving Time with Phase Change Material in a Horizontal Shell and Finned-Tube Heat Exchanger

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paria ◽  
A. A. D. Sarhan ◽  
M. S. Goodarzi ◽  
S. Baradaran ◽  
B. Rahmanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Finned Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Change Material

An experimental as well as numerical investigation was conducted on the melting/solidification processes of a stationary phase change material (PCM) in a shell around a finned-tube heat exchanger system. The PCM was stored in the horizontal annular space between a shell and finned-tube where distilled water was employed as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The focus of this study was on the behavior of PCM for storage (charging or melting) and removal (discharging or solidification), as well as the effect of flow rate on the charged and discharged solar thermal energy. The impact of the Reynolds number was determined and the results were compared with each other to reveal the changes in amount of stored thermal energy with the variation of heat transfer fluid flow rates. The results showed that, by increasing the Reynolds number from 1000 to 2000, the total melting time decreases by 58%. The process of solidification also will speed up with increasing Reynolds number in the discharging process. The results also indicated that the fluctuation of gradient temperature decreased and became smooth with increasing Reynolds number. As a result, by increasing the Reynolds number in the charging process, the theoretical efficiency rises.

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