In Vitro Biocompatibility Study on Stainless Steel 316L After Nano Finishing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathiresan Sundararaj ◽  
Mohan Bangaru
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Magneto Rheological

In this present study, the nano finishing of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) was obtained by means of magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF) process by varying the amount of current to the electromagnet. The MRAFF process is an advanced machining process in which the metal removal process is effectively controlled by means of the rheological property of the magneto rheological abrasive (MRA) fluid. After the finishing process, the surface roughness profiles and parameter were obtained with the help of Talysurf coherence correlation interferometer (CCI). Stainless steel 316L sample surfaces obtained by means of MRAFF process with different nano roughness values are utilized to study its biocompatibility by an in vitro study to examine the cell viability, proliferation of a fibroblast cell line (NIH-3T3) by means of MTT assay. The optical density (OD) values were utilized to determine the amount of viable cells. The cell proliferations studies were conducted and observed for 1, 3 and 7 days of incubation period with respect to the absorbance value of the samples. The protein adsorption studies are also made by using bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) kit. The characters of biocompatibility are correlated with the nano scale surface roughness parameters of the SS316L samples.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Magneto Rheological Abrasive Flow Nano Finishing Process on AISI Stainless Steel 316L

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
S. Kathiresan ◽  
B. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Magneto Rheological

In this experimental work, Magneto rheological abrasive flow nano finishing processes were conducted on AISI Stainless steel 316L work pieces that are widely used in medical implants. The focus of the present study is to assess the effect of input variables namely the volume percentage of iron (Fe) particles, silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive particles in the Magneto rheological abrasive fluid and number of cycles on the final surface roughness at nano level as well as the material removal rate. The volume % of Fe particles were taken as 20, 25 and 30 and the volume % of SiC particles were taken as 10, 15 and 20. The different number of cycles considered for the study is 100,200 and 300. There are 20 different set of experiments with different combinations of input variables mentioned have been carried out based on the experimental design derived through central composite design technique. The minimum surface roughness observed is 23.34 nanometer (nm) from the initial surface roughness of 1.92 micro meter (µm). Towards optimizing the input process variables, a multi objective optimization was carried out by using response surface methodology.

scholarly journals Turning Research of Additive Laser Molten Stainless Steel 316L Obtained by 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Struzikiewicz ◽  
Wojciech Zębala ◽  
Andrzej Matras ◽  
Magdalena Machno ◽  
Łukasz Ślusarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Steel Turning

This paper presents the characteristic of 316L steel turning obtained by 3D printing. The analysis of the influence of turning data on the components of the total cutting force, surface roughness and the maximum temperature values in the cutting zone are presented. The form of chips obtained in the machining process was also analyzed. Statistical analysis of the test results was developed using the Taguchi method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enamel Surface after Removal of Adhesive Resin: An in Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Geeta Pyakurel ◽  
Gazi Shamim Hassan ◽  
Mahmood Sajedeen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Tungsten

Introduction: Preservation of the enamel surface during the removal of orthodontic appliance is an essential aspect for clinicians. However, various therapeutic measures can affect the enamel surface. The objective of the research is to evaluate the roughness of enamel surface after the removal of adhesive resin. Materials & Method: 40 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into two groups and the enamel surfaces were initially subjected to profilometer for the assessment of surface roughness. Following bracket bonding, debonding was done and adhesive resin was removed by stainless steel bur in Group A and tungsten carbide bur in Group B. Again, the surface roughness was measured by profilometer. Independent t-test was performed to compare the enamel surface roughness between two groups and paired t-test to compare the enamel surface roughness within the groups. Result: The mean average surface roughness of stainless steel bur was 27.009 ± 4.8420 μm and tungsten carbide was 31.426 ± 5.0956 μm. The result showed that there was significant difference in enamel surface roughness between two groups. Conclusion: The roughness values were found to be significantly decreased with the use of stainless steel bur (SS) than tungsten carbide bur (TC).

scholarly journals Structural, Mechanical, and Decorative Properties of Sputtered TiN and Ti (N, C) Films for Orthodontic Applications; an In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5175
Author(s):  
Victor Suciu ◽  
Armando Ferreira ◽  
Marcio A. Correa ◽  
Filipe Vaz ◽  
Daniel Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Color Code ◽  
Wide Range

In this paper, we explore and modify the structural, mechanical, and decorative properties of films composed by TiN and Ti (N, C) with a wide range of N2 gas flow during the deposition in order to be used on orthodontic systems. The films were grown using reactive DC magnetron sputtering from a pure Ti target and customized with C pellets onto Si and stainless steel 316L substrates. The structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, while the mechanical ones were obtained through hardness, elastic modulus, and friction coefficient. Moreover, the wear rate has been measured under an artificial saliva medium to simulate the oral cavity. The color of the films deposited onto stainless steel 316 L substrate was characterized through CIELab color code. Our findings show that the addition of N2 and C in the Ti matrix improves the mechanical properties of the films. With the increase in the amount of N2 and C, the hardness reaches a value of 739 HV, higher than the one reported in the literature (600 HV), a low value of the coefficient of elasticity (8.0 GPa), and also a low friction coefficient (0.30). Moreover, with the addition of N2 and C in the Ti films, the color of the films changes from metallic aspect until “with” gold, which means that our coatings exhibit versatile mechanical and color characteristics to be used in orthodontic wires applications.

Studying The Effect of a New Mixed Cutting Fluid on Surface Roughness

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11A) ◽  
pp. 1593-1601
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Shaker ◽  
Salah K. Jawad ◽  
Maan A. Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speeds

This research studied the influence of cutting fluids and cutting parameters on the surface roughness for stainless steel worked by turning machine in dry and wet cutting cases. The work was done with different cutting speeds, and feed rates with a fixed depth of cutting. During the machining process, heat was generated and effects of higher surface roughness of work material. In this study, the effects of some cutting fluids, and dry cutting on surface roughness have been examined in turning of AISI316 stainless steel material. Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES) instead of other soluble oils has been used and compared to dry machining processes. Experiments have been performed at four cutting speeds (60, 95, 155, 240) m/min, feed rates (0.065, 0.08, 0.096, 0.114) mm/rev. and constant depth of cut (0.5) mm. The amount of decrease in Ra after the used suggested mixture arrived at (0.21µm), while Ra exceeded (1µm) in case of soluble oils This means the suggested mixture gave the best results of lubricating properties than other cases.

scholarly journals Scanning Accuracy of Bracket Features and Slot Base Angle in Different Bracket Materials by Four Intraoral Scanners: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Seon-Hee Shin ◽  
Hyung-Seog Yu ◽  
Jung-Yul Cha ◽  
Jae-Sung Kwon ◽  
Chung-Ju Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Polycrystalline Alumina ◽  
Base Angle ◽  
Accurate Expression ◽  
Dental Model ◽  
Alumina Composite ◽  
The Difference

The accurate expression of bracket prescription is important for successful orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital scan images of brackets produced by four intraoral scanners (IOSs) when scanning the surface of the dental model attached with different bracket materials. Brackets made from stainless steel, polycrystalline alumina, composite, and composite/stainless steel slot were considered, which have been scanned from four different IOSs (Primescan, Trios, CS3600, and i500). SEM images were used as references. Each bracket axis was set in the reference scan image, and the axis was set identically by superimposing with the IOS image, and then only the brackets were divided and analyzed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences. The difference between the manufacturer’s nominal torque and bracket slot base angle was 0.39 in SEM, 1.96 in Primescan, 2.04 in Trios, and 5.21 in CS3600 (p < 0.001). The parallelism, which is the difference between the upper and lower angles of the slot wall, was 0.48 in SEM, 7.00 in Primescan, 5.52 in Trios, 6.34 in CS3600, and 23.74 in i500 (p < 0.001). This study evaluated the accuracy of the bracket only, and it must be admitted that there is some error in recognizing slots through scanning in general.

scholarly journals Post-Processing and Surface Characterization of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L Lattice: Implications for BioMedical Use

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Alex Quok An Teo ◽  
Lina Yan ◽  
Akshay Chaudhari ◽  
Gavin Kane O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Particulate Debris

Additive manufacturing of stainless steel is becoming increasingly accessible, allowing for the customisation of structure and surface characteristics; there is little guidance for the post-processing of these metals. We carried out this study to ascertain the effects of various combinations of post-processing methods on the surface of an additively manufactured stainless steel 316L lattice. We also characterized the nature of residual surface particles found after these processes via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we measured the surface roughness of the post-processing lattices via digital microscopy. The native lattices had a predictably high surface roughness from partially molten particles. Sandblasting effectively removed this but damaged the surface, introducing a peel-off layer, as well as leaving surface residue from the glass beads used. The addition of either abrasive polishing or electropolishing removed the peel-off layer but introduced other surface deficiencies making it more susceptible to corrosion. Finally, when electropolishing was performed after the above processes, there was a significant reduction in residual surface particles. The constitution of the particulate debris as well as the lattice surface roughness following each post-processing method varied, with potential implications for clinical use. The work provides a good base for future development of post-processing methods for additively manufactured stainless steel.

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