Thermomechanical Formulation of Freezing Point Depression Behavior of Liquid on Solid Surface With Nanostructure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hanawa ◽  
Y. Sasaki ◽  
S. Uchida ◽  
T. Funayoshi ◽  
M. Otsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Liquid Molecule ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Thermomechanical Method ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface

Abstract In this study, we investigated the freezing point depression of liquids in nanostructures using a new thermomechanical method. First, we experimentally determined the freezing points of water, cyclohexane, and a certain organic material (Chem.A) in nanoscale structures using DSC measurements. Thereafter, we formulated a new equation by improving the Gibbs–Thomson equation, which is the conventional formula for representing the freezing point depression of a liquid in nanostructures. We introduced a new term in this new equation to represent the increase in the kinetic energy of the liquid molecule as a result of collision between the liquid molecules and nanostructure walls. Subsequently, we evaluated the solid–liquid interface free energy of sublimation materials by fitting the theoretical freezing point derived from the new equation to experimental data. In this study, we succeeded in reproducing the experimental data of freezing point depression using the proposed equation. In particular, the freezing points of cyclohexane and Chem.A in the nanostructure were better fitted by this new equation at 10 nm or more compared with the conventional equation. Our results show that the interaction between the wall of the nanostructure and liquid molecules affects freezing point depression.

scholarly journals FREEZING POINTS OF ANTI-COAGULANT SALT SOLUTIONS

1935 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Hitchcock ◽  
Ruth B. Dougan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions

By a method involving equilibration of ice and solution, and analysis of the solution, freezing point depressions of solutions of sodium citrate, oxalate, and fluoride have been determined over the range Δ = 0.45 to 0.65°C. Determinations with sodium chloride solutions have confirmed the accuracy of the method. In each case the freezing point depression is given, within 0.002°C., as a linear function of the concentration. By the use of these linear equations it is possible to prepare a solution of any of these four salts isotonic with a given biological fluid of known freezing point, provided the latter falls within the range studied.

Experimental Findings on the Abnormal Freezing Point Depression of Swelled Cured Natural Rubber

1964 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Butenuth ◽  
H. Westlinning
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
New Method ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract The method of Kuhn and coworkers for the determination of crosslink density for swelled cured rubber was applied to unfilled peroxide- and sulfur-cured samples. Comparison with other methods confirms the new method. Experimental data for a number of filled samples is presented together with the mesh size of the network determined by the method of Kuhn.

scholarly journals Effect of maltodextrin on the freezing point and thermal conductivity of uvaia pulp (Eugenia piriformis Cambess)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Alexander Villa-Vélez ◽  
Javier Telis-Romero ◽  
Diana Maria Cano Higuita ◽  
Vânia Regina Nicolletti Telis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Initial Freezing ◽  
Simple Equations

The freezing point depression (FPD) of uvaia pulp with and without additives - 10, 16, 22 and 28% of maltodextrin (MD), was measured using a simple apparatus consisting of two major sections: a freezing vessel and a data acquisition system. The thermal conductivity of the pulps was also investigated as a function of the frozen water fraction and temperature using a coaxial dual-cylinder apparatus. Above the initial freezing point, thermal conductivity fitted the polynomial equations well. Below the freezing point, thermal conductivity was strongly affected by both the frozen water fraction and the temperature. Simple equations in terms of the frozen water fraction and temperature could be fitted to the experimental data for freezing point depression and thermal conductivity.

scholarly journals Freezing-Point Depression in Electrolytic Solutions

1904 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 363-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Walker ◽  
A. J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Error ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Ordinary Method

The following research was undertaken for the purpose of determining the freezing points of solutions under conditions which would involve a different systematic error from that encountered when the ordinary method of procedure is followed; and, secondly, for the purpose of obtaining ionisation values for electrolytic solutions by the cryoscopic method which should be made by compensation as far as possible independent of any systematic error in determining the freezing points.

scholarly journals A quantitative relation between soil and the soil solution brought out by freezing-point determinations

1919 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard A. Keen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Extensive Experimental Data

An examination has been made of some of the extensive experimental data obtained by Bouyoucos and his associates on the freezing-point depression of soil solution at varying moisture contents, examined in situ.These workers find that the soil solution in quartz sand and extreme types of sandy soil obeys approximately the same law as dilute solutions—the freezing-point depression varying as the concentration, or in the present case, inversely as the moisture content. In other wordswhere K is a constant, and Dn is the freezing-point depression, at a moisture content of Mn. Soils do not obey this law, the freezing-point depression rapidly increasing as the moisture content decreases.

Potential Implication of the Freezing Point Depression by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lactose in Milk1

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. JEON ◽  
R. BASSETTE
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Added Water ◽  
Sensory Evaluations ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The. potential problem of detecting added water in lactose-hydrolyzed milk by cryoscopic examination was investigated. The extent to which hydrolysis of lactose corresponded with a given freezing point was calculated and tested experimentally. Cryoscopic measurements were related to the percent of lactose hydrolyzed in milk. Hydrolyzed milks readjusted to normal freezing points with added water were examined by lactometer and sensory evaluations. Although such milk adulterated with up to 25% added water could escape detection by either cryoscopic or sensory evaluations, the Quevenne lactometer could detect 10% added water.

Freezing Resistance in Some Northern Populations of Pacific Herring, Clupea harengus pallasi

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2104-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Serum Osmolality ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
Active Substances

Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, were collected at three locations in Alaska and Japan in winter and spring to determine their degree of freezing resistance. Herring collected from waters whose temperatures ranged between 4.7 and −1.4 °C showed serum freezing points between −1.22 and −1.40°C. All freezing points were below those expected from measurements of serum osmolality, indicating that a noncolligative antifreeze was present that added between 0.28 and 0.61° to the freezing point depression. In addition, osmotically active substances other than sodium chloride contributed to the freezing point depression. in some of the samples.

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