Offtaking Scheduling Software for Multi-Product Pipeline

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtu Liang ◽  
Jing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Pipeline System ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Turbulence Flow ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
Software Program ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Product Pipeline ◽  
Real Test ◽  
Master Clock

The main objective of this work is to exhibit the functions of a software program that prepares offtaking schedules for multi-product pipelines. The software program is currently being used on two multi-product pipelines in China. In the paper, the pipeline system modeled in the software involves several offtaking stations, pump stations, and one multi-product pipeline connected to several depots that distribute large amounts of oil products to customer markets. The background for developing this software is presented and the mathematical model utilized in the software will be given. The software can track the interface positions on the basis that the liquid is incompressible and transported adiabatically in the pipeline — the density doesn’t vary with pressure and temperature. In the model, the author adopts the advantages of variable paces to speed the calculation in the Master-Clock Method and adds interfaces’ reaching stations to the set of control points, while honoring handling contamination only at terminal station and keeping turbulence flow all time. Finally, a real-world application on the Lan-Cheng-Yu Multi-product Pipeline (LCYPP) is introduced. This is the first real test on a multi-product pipeline in China. Through the application, the characteristics and functions of the software is reported. The software provides users with a diagram for batch movement, the interface timetable, the scheduling table, the interface size, and so on. The application shows that the software is successful.

Pressure Cycling Monitoring Helps Ensure the Integrity of Energy Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Song ◽  
Doug Lawrence ◽  
Sean Keane ◽  
Scott Ironside ◽  
Aaron Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Pressure Cycling ◽  
Pressure Cycle ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Pump Stations

Liquids pipelines undergo pressure cycling as part of normal operations. The source of these fluctuations can be complex, but can include line start-stop during normal pipeline operations, batch pigs by-passing pump stations, product injection or delivery, and unexpected line shut-down events. One of the factors that govern potential growth of flaws by pressure cycle induced fatigue is operational pressure cycles. The severity of these pressure cycles can affect both the need and timing for an integrity assessment. A Pressure Cycling Monitoring (PCM) program was initiated at Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (Enbridge) to monitor the Pressure Cycling Severity (PCS) change with time during line operations. The PCM program has many purposes, but primary focus is to ensure the continued validity of the integrity assessment interval and for early identification of notable changes in operations resulting in fatigue damage. In conducting the PCM program, an estimated fatigue life based on one month or one quarter period of operations is plotted on the PCM graph. The estimated fatigue life is obtained by conducting fatigue analysis using Paris Law equation, a flaw with dimensions proportional to the pipe wall thickness and the outer diameter, and the operating pressure data queried from Enbridge SCADA system. This standardized estimated fatigue life calculation is a measure of the PCS. Trends in PCS overtime can potentially indicate the crack threat susceptibility the integrity assessment interval should be updated. Two examples observed on pipeline segments within Enbridge pipeline system are provided that show the PCS change over time. Conclusions are drawn for the PCM program thereafter.

Risk Assessment for Small Diameter Piping for Liquid Pipeline Facilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Refaul Ferdous ◽  
Amanda Kulhawy ◽  
Jessica Farrell ◽  
Chris Beaudin ◽  
Anthony Payoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Measure ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
System Description ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Pressure Transmitter ◽  
Integrity Risk ◽  
Main Station ◽  
Pump Stations

The Enbridge Liquids Pipeline system is comprised of a large number of facilities including storage terminals, pump stations, injection sites, and delivery sites. Given the vast amount of small diameter piping (SDP) within company Pipeline facilities, SDP represents a significant portion of total facility integrity risk. An event such as equipment failure or product release can cause significant business impacts, and adverse consequences to the environment and/or safety of operations personnel. A quantitative risk based approach is required in order to establish robust, risk-based plans and programs to maintain the integrity of these SDP sections. Small diameter piping lengths are relatively short. Consequently, it is impractical to use SDP length as a unit of likelihood and risk measure. Instead, the preferred methodology is to determine the total number of assemblies for each type of SDP. In support of this approach, an inventory of SDP sections throughout the system has been gathered. For illustrative purposes, an example of a small diameter section would be a pressure transmitter branch connection. The isolatable section that would be risk assessed would start from the surface of the main station piping connection and continue up to the transmitter. This paper presents the framework for likelihood and consequence assessment of SDP based on the system description above. This framework quantitatively estimates the risk of SDP failure and risk-ranks SDP sections in support of implementing and establishing a system wide Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance program for SDP.

scholarly journals Drag Reducer Selection for Oil Pipeline Based Laboratory Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leksono Mucharam ◽  
Silvya Rahmawati ◽  
Rizki Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Flow ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Pump Stations

Oil and gas industry is one of the most capital-intensive industry in the world. Each step of oil and gas processing starting from exploration, exploitation, up to abandonment of the field, consumes large amount of capital. Optimization in each step of process is essential to reduce expenditure. In this paper, optimization of fluid flow in pipeline during oil transportation will be observed and studied in order to increase pipeline flow performance.This paper concentrates on chemical application into pipeline therefore the chemical can increase overall pipeline throughput or decrease energy requirement for oil transportation. These chemicals are called drag reducing agent, which consist of various chemicals such as surfactants, polymers, nanofluids, fibers, etc. During the application of chemical into pipeline flow system, these chemicals are already proven to decrease pump work for constant flow rate or allow pipeline to transport more oil for same amount of pump work. The first application of drag reducer in large scale oil transportation was in Trans Alaskan Pipeline System which cancel the need to build several pump stations because of the successful application. Since then, more company worldwide started to apply drag reducer to their pipeline system.Several tedious testings on laboratory should be done to examine the effect of drag reducer to crude oil that will be the subject of application. In this paper, one of the testing method is studied and experimented to select the most effective DRA from several proposed additives. For given pipeline system and crude oil type, the most optimum DRA is DRA A for pipeline section S-R and for section R-P is DRA B. Different type of oil and pipeline geometry will require different chemical drag reducer. 

Oil Spill Prevention Measures for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Wellbaum
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
Design Construction

ABSTRACT Oil spills only occur after the start-up of a facility but oil spill prevention for a pipeline-terminal-tanker complex begins with route selection and continues through design, construction, personnel training, operation and maintenance. The trans-Alaska pipeline project has faced all of the usual, and some unusual, problems which needed solutions to give maximum assurance that oil spills would not occur during the operating life of the facilities. This conference today is considering the prevention of oil spill incidents associated with tanker and pipeline operations, refineries, and transfer and storage terminals. The trans-Alaska pipeline system is concerned with each of these functions of the petroleum industry. Alyeska Pipeline Service Company is responsible for design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the pipeline system which will move crude oil produced on the Alaskan North Slope along a route to Valdez, an ice free port located on an arm of Prince William Sound. At Valdez, the oil will be transferred to ocean going tankers. The project will have at its ultimate design capacity of two million barrels per day:Almost 800 miles of 48-inch pipeline.Twelve pump stations with 650,000 installed HP.Twenty-million barrels of crude oil storage in fifty-two tanks.Five loading berths at a deep water terminal servicing a fleet of tankers ranging in size from 30,000 dwt to 250,000 dwt.Eight crude oil topping plants, manufacturing fuel for pump stations, each with a charge of 10,000 barrels per day.A ballast water treating plant capable of handling up to 800,000 barrels per day of dirty ballast.A 25,000 KW power generation plant.Several dozen mechanical refrigeration plants which will be freezing the ground in Alaska.

A Novel Depth-First Searching Approach for Detailed Scheduling of Operations in a Multi-Product Pipeline With Multiple Pump Stations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Liao ◽  
Bohong Wang ◽  
Zhengbing Li ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Yongtu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Scheduling Optimization ◽  
Pipeline Scheduling ◽  
Pump Scheduling ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
Product Pipeline

Considering market’s diversified demand and transport economy, large volumes of various refined products commonly move down the pipeline in batches, which are pumped at pump stations and delivered to respective delivery stations. The integrate detailed scheduling optimization is a sophisticated problem due to the characteristics of multi-product pipelines, such as market-oriented, fluctuated demand, various processing technique and complicated hydraulic calculation during batch migration. The integrate detailed scheduling optimization has been widely studied during the last decade, however, most of them studied pipeline scheduling and pump scheduling separately. Besides, the proposed methods are mathematical models, whose computational efficiency greatly decreases in large-scale pipeline scheduling, let alone in the problems coupling with pump scheduling. Aiming at this problem, this paper presents a novel depth-first searching approach based on flowrate ratio to deal with the detailed scheduling of operations in a multi-product pipeline with multiple pump stations. As for each single time interval, the proposed method decides an ideal flowrate ratio according to current status, then solves out the optimal flowrate that mostly conforms to the ideal ratio and satisfies all operational constraints, and finally updates information for next time interval. However, during the computational procedure, backtracking method would be adopted to modify the previous flowrate ratios and recalculate new flowrate when the actual delivered products are insufficient. Finally, a case tested on a Chinese real-world pipeline with 6 delivery stations is given to demonstrate the veracity and practicability of the proposed method. From the results, computing time of the case is within 1 minute, and the solved detailed scheduling plans can fulfill demand with stable pump operations. Besides, the proposed approach is scarcely influenced by the scale of pipeline structure and time horizon, so it is also applicable to the long-term scheduling of a pipeline with many delivery stations.

A Multi-Module Systemic Approach for the Supply Reliability Analysis of Multi-Product Pipeline Under Pump Units Failure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyuan Zhou ◽  
Qi Liao ◽  
Mengyun Lv ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Yongtu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Scheduling Method ◽  
Evaluation Module ◽  
Product Pipeline ◽  
Supply Reliability

As the primary means of refined products transportation, multi-product pipeline plays a vital role in connecting refineries to local markets. Once disruptions occur, it will cause security issue on oil supply to downstream markets, even on the economy and stability of society. Based on the conventional reliability theory and detailed scheduling method of multi-product pipeline considering hydraulic constraints, this paper firstly proposes a multi-module systemic approach for the supply reliability analysis of multi-product pipeline under pump units failure conditions. Pump units are important corollary equipment in multi-product pipeline and their failure would affect the pipeline normal operation and downstream oil supply greatly. The approach includes three modules, namely, pump units analysis module, pipeline system analysis module and reliability evaluation module. In the pump units analysis module, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method is adopted to analyse the correlations between pump units failure modes and causes. The Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to generate different failure scenarios based on the estimated failure rate of pump units. In the pipeline system analysis module, the detailed scheduling method of multi-product pipeline is adopted to calculate the maximum supply capacity for all delivery stations under a specific scenario. Due to the difficulty in solving detailed scheduling problem considering hydraulic constraints directly, two mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models are established. In the reliability evaluation module, the indexes of shortage, probability and adequacy are calculated to analyse the supply reliability quantitatively from global perspective and individual perspective. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to a real-world multi-product pipeline in Zhejiang, China. It is proved that this approach could provide significant guidelines for the supply reliability analysis of multi-product pipeline.

Design of Large Closed Loop Control Structure for Urban Drainage Systems in the Whole Optimizing Running Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 1012-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou Wang ◽  
Bao Hua Xu ◽  
Chen Ming Li ◽  
Jun Lin Qiu ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Urban Drainage System ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Pump Stations

Urban drainage system involves urban surface runoff, drainage pipeline system and rivers and its dynamic behavior is driven both by natural and artificial forces. There is a lack of appropriate and progressive hydraulic dynamic models for whole urban drainage system, together with much difficulty in collecting operation data, and backwardness of operation control techniques, thereby causing the frequent occurrence of urban flooding, sewage overflow and high energy-consumption of the pump stations. Therefore, it is hard to guarantee the security, reliability and high-efficiency of the operation of the urban drainage networks. To solve these problems, this paper proposed a large closed-loop control system model to achieve multi-objective and comprehensive operation optimization of urban drainage networks, based on the design of a new control model of a progressive system of city runoffs, drainage pipeline network and river tunnels.

Inspection and Prioritization Methods for Small Diameter Auxiliary Piping

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pecush ◽  
Mark McTavish ◽  
Brian Ellestad
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Model Sets ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
And Storage

To serve the pumping and storage needs of its customers; Enbridge operates more than 25 terminals and 150 pump stations across North America. In each of these facilities, small diameter (NPS 6 and smaller) piping is used in auxiliary systems including instrumentation, measurement, and product re-injection. Traditionally, in the design of facilities, this small piping has received less attention than large diameter process lines and, during construction, has typically been field run based on standard installation details. This, in conjunction with 65 years of changing design and construction philosophies, as well as asset acquisitions, has resulted in a wide variety of installation configurations across the Enbridge liquids system. The Small Diameter Piping Program in the Facilities Integrity group centrally manages the integrity of all small diameter auxiliary piping across the Enbridge liquids system. Historically, the management and remediation of small diameter systems has been based on addressing specific installation types identified through incident investigations. While generally effective at minimizing re-occurrence, this approach has been limited in its ability to proactively identify installations that should be addressed. In support of our goal of zero incidents, Enbridge has developed a proactive methodology for the inspection and prioritization of small diameter auxiliary piping. Installation types are evaluated on their susceptibility to specific damage mechanisms. An inspection and prioritization model was developed through the combination of internal lessons learned and prioritization methodologies outlined in industry publications, specifically those from the overseas oil and gas industry. This model, sets a standardized process to assign a likelihood of failure (LOF) score to individual small diameter installations of specific types and/or functions. Presently, likelihood of failure scores are used to identify installations requiring remediation, and to most effectively prioritize system-wide remediation activities. Over time, these scores will also be used to demonstrate an overall reduction in the likelihood of failure for small diameter piping in the Enbridge liquids pipeline system.

Corridor Pipeline: Hartley Creek Crossing

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Historical Presence ◽  
Pump Stations

Construction of the 493 km Corridor Pipeline System commenced in summer 2000, and is scheduled for completion in 2002. The system connects the two major components of the Athabasca Oil Sands Project — the Muskeg River Mine, north of Ft. McMurray and the Upgrader adjacent to Shell Canada Limited’s Scotford Refinery, near Fort Saskatchewan. The pipeline will also link the Upgrader with terminals in the Edmonton Area. The system includes dual pipelines (610 mm and 323.9 mm O.D.) as well as associated pump stations and valve sites. Corridor Pipeline Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of BC Gas Inc. Corridor pipeline crosses Hartley Creek near the south boundary of Shell’s lease C-13, north of Ft. McMurray, in the Ft. McKay First Nations traditional lands. An evaluation of the proposed crossing completed for the project application identified the location as highly sensitive to pipeline construction activities because of the high fish habitat quality and historical presence of sport and coarse fish. Although a fish survey completed for the above evaluation identified only coarse fish species, the provincial approval for the project required a trenchless crossing method unless authorized in writing by the Director. After completing detailed geotechnical and fisheries assessments of the crossing site, authorization from the director was subsequently obtained to complete the crossing using an isolation method. Planning and consultation with Ft. McKay First Nations to construct through their traditional lands incorporated aspects of traditional ecological knowledge. As part of the program, Corridor Pipeline committed to completion of a traditional plant survey. The results of the survey identified Hartley Creek as having cultural significance to the band. The riparian zone in this area supports a large concentration of food and medicinal plant species. Specialized mitigative measures were incorporated in order to maintain the density and diversity of the Hartley Creek riparian zone. This paper presents information with regard to the environmental studies and the regulatory process used to obtain approval to complete construction of the Hartley Creek crossing using an isolation method instead of the trenchless method originally required by the provincial government. It also explains the consultation program with the Ft. McKay First Nations and environmental planning used to maintain the density and diversity of riparian vegetation at this culturally significant crossing location.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document