A New Approach to Gas Control Simulation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Carter ◽  
Henry H. Rachford ◽  
Todd F. Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Gas Control ◽  
Transient Loads

Gas Pipelines are usually designed to operate in steady state, but in practice most pipelines deliver transient loads. Transient loads degrade total delivery capacity and lose revenue. This paper uses simple examples to quantify such losses and shows how to keep from losing more in practice. The challenge to pipeline operators is to minimize lost capacity by choosing opportunities wisely and exercising skillful control. Look-forward hydraulic simulation has long been used to evaluate spot transportation opportunities and their impact on prior delivery commitments. Gas Control tests control strategies with simulation using a “What-if Study”: If a load appears, “What if we respond this way?” The control selection is often driven by the number of alternate strategies that can be analyzed in the time available for a decision. Thus, while the selected strategy might be reasonable, it may not be optimal for the pipeline company, just the best they had time to try. Through studying example events, this paper describes a completely new approach to What-if Studies. It introduces the use of real-time transient optimization technology to allow the engineer, operator, or even the marketer to get answers for the completely different “What-if” question, namely “What control strategy is best if the network must respond to a specific event?” This replaces manual-iterative look-ahead simulations by mathematical optimization. For each possible load event this cutting-edge technology presents the highest-profit strategy, if one is feasible. Moreover, if delivering the load is infeasible it can determine the alternate strategy that makes the most profit, such as which loads to shed, when, and by how much.

scholarly journals Lentivirus expressing shRNAs inhibit the replication of Contagious Ecthyma virus by targeting DNA polymerase gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Asadi Samani ◽  
behnaz saffar ◽  
Azam Mokhtari ◽  
Ehsan Arefian
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Viral Titer ◽  
Contagious Ecthyma ◽  
Polymerase Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
New Approach

Abstract Background: Contagious ecthyma or Orf is known as a zoonotic disease remains prevalently worldwide despite the application of some control strategies against it. RNAi particularly shRNA provides us with the chance to tackle this obstacle by an encouraging new approach. The current study indicates the design and experiment of third-generation lentivirus packaging systems delivering shRNAs to inhibit Orf virus (ORFV) replication and infection. Given the importance of DNA-pol gene in virus replication, in this study, three shRNAs against this gene were designed and cloned into lentiviral vectors to stabilize the expression of shRNAs. After producing lentivectors expressing ORFV-DNA– pol in HEK293T cells, the synthesized shRNAs were applied to downregulate viral replication and gene expression. The reduction in viral titer and RNA was evaluated by TCID50 test as well as real-time RT-PCR. The results were then analyzed in comparison with the control group. Results: Designed shRNAs significantly reduced virus yield approximately 90% to 97% and 96.8% to 99.4%, respectively compared to the control groups (cells infected with ORFV and infected with ORFV and scrambled vector) by TCID50 test. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a dramatic reduction in the expression of viral RNA approximately 99% compared to cells infected with ORFV and from 92.6% to 99%, respectively compared to cells infected with ORFV and scrambled vector. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be stated that RNAi is capable of being used as a potent therapeutically option against viruses like ORFV.

scholarly journals Research on Urban Traffic Signal Control Systems Based on Cyber Physical Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Li-li Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ling-yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
General Control ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
New System

In this paper, we present a traffic cyber physical system for urban road traffic signal control, which is referred to as UTSC-CPS. With this proposed system, managers and researchers can realize the construction and simulation of various types of traffic scenarios, the rapid development, and optimization of new control strategies and can apply effective control strategies to actual traffic management. The advantages of this new system include the following. Firstly, the fusion architecture of private cloud computing and edge computing is proposed for the first time, which effectively improves the performance of software and hardware of the urban road traffic signal control system and realizes information security perception and protection in cloud and equipment, respectively, within the fusion framework; secondly, using the concept of parallel system, the depth of real-time traffic control subsystem and real-time simulation subsystem is realized. Thirdly, the idea of virtual scene basic engine and strategy agent engine is put forward in the system design, which separates data from control strategy by designing a general control strategy API and helps researchers focus on control algorithm itself without paying attention to detection data and basic data. Finally, considering China, the system designs a general control strategy API to separate data from control strategy. Most of the popular communication protocols between signal controllers and detectors are private protocols. The standard protocol conversion middleware is skillfully designed, which decouples the field equipment from the system software and achieves the universality and reliability of the control strategy. To further demonstrate the advantages of the new system, we have carried out a one-year practical test in Weifang City, Shandong Province, China. The system has been proved in terms of stability, security, scalability, practicability and rapid practice, and verification of the new control strategy. At the same time, it proves the superiority of the simulation subsystem in the performance and simulation scale by comparing the different-scale road networks of Shunyi District in Beijing and Weifang City in Shandong Province. Further tests were conducted using real intersections, and the results were equally valid.

Integrated Real-Time Transit Signal Priority Control for High-Frequency Segregated Transit Services

2015 ◽  
Vol 2533 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Delgado ◽  
Juan Carlos Muñoz ◽  
Ricardo Giesen ◽  
Nigel H. M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Transit Signal Priority ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Capacity Constrained

Bus bunching affects transit operations by increasing passenger waiting time and variability. To tackle this phenomenon, a wide range of control strategies has been proposed. However, none of them have considered station and interstation control together. In this study station and interstation control were tackled to determine the optimal vehicle control strategy for various stops and traffic lights in a single service transit corridor. The strategy minimized the total time that users must devote to making a trip, taking into account delays for transit and general traffic users. Based on a high-frequency, capacity-constrained, and unscheduled service (no timetable) for which real-time information about bus position (GPS) and bus load (automated passenger counter) is available, this study focused on strategies for traffic signal priority in the form of green extension considered together with holding buses at stops and limiting passenger boarding at stops. The decisions on transit signal priority were made according to a rolling horizon scheme in which effects over the whole corridor were considered in every single decision. The proposed strategy was evaluated in a simulated environment under different operational conditions. Results showed that the proposed control strategy achieves reductions in the excess delay for transit users close to 61.4% compared with no control, while general traffic increases only by 1.5%.

Thermal Effects Analysis on DCT Driven Plate in Vehicle Initial Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Jing Ying Huang ◽  
Zhen Jun Liu ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Da Tong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Transient Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Clutch System ◽  
Clutch Engagement ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
Frictional Surfaces

The Dry-type Dual Clutch system is designed for a certain Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT), and transient analysis is performed to investigate the thermal influence on driven plate in sophisticated slip conditions, which is determined by control strategy of DCT. First, a clutch engagement model is developed to obtain transient friction power corresponding to selected control strategy, and the distribution of time-varying heat flux is derived. On that basis, the thermal effects on the driven plate are simulated by finite element method. Finally, the temperature and thermal stress distributions on the frictional surfaces are acquired, which shows that the previously designed clutch system agrees with thermo requirements. This new approach which is more superior to the traditional clutch analysis, can adjust to different control strategies, thus it can be applied to facilitate the thermo analysis and practical design of DCT system.

scholarly journals Lentivirus expressing shRNAs inhibit the replication of Contagious Ecthyma Virus by targeting DNA polymerase gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Asadi Samani ◽  
behnaz saffar ◽  
Azam Mokhtari ◽  
Ehsan Arefian
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Viral Titer ◽  
Contagious Ecthyma ◽  
Polymerase Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
New Approach

Abstract Background: Contagious ecthyma or Orf is known as a zoonotic disease remains prevalently worldwide despite the application of some control strategies against it. RNAi particularly shRNA provides us with the chance to tackle this obstacle by an encouraging new approach. The current study indicates the design and experiment of third-generation lentivirus packaging systems delivering shRNAs to inhibit Orf virus (ORFV) replication and infection. Given the importance of DNA-pol gene in virus replication, in this study, three shRNAs against this gene were designed and cloned into lentiviral vectors to stabilize the expression of shRNAs. After producing lentivectors expressing ORFV-DNA– pol in HEK293T cells, the synthesized shRNAs were applied to downregulate viral replication and gene expression. The reduction in viral titer and RNA was evaluated by TCID50 test as well as real-time RT-PCR. The results were then analyzed in comparison with the control group.Results: Designed shRNAs significantly reduced virus yield approximately 90% to 97% and 96.8% to 99.4%, respectively compared to the control groups (cells infected with ORFV and infected with ORFV and scrambled vector) by TCID50 test. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a dramatic reduction in the expression of viral RNA approximately 99% compared to cells infected with ORFV and from 92.6% to 99%, respectively compared to cells infected with ORFV and scrambled vector.Conclusions: Therefore, it can be stated that RNAi is capable of being used as a potent therapeutically option against viruses like ORFV.

Efficiency of a turbidity-based, real-time control strategy applied to a retention tank: a simulation study

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1533-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lacour ◽  
C. Joannis ◽  
M. Schuetze ◽  
G. Chebbo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Parameters

This paper compares several real-time control (RTC) strategies for a generic configuration consisting of a storage tank with two overflow facilities. Two of the strategies only make use of flow rate data, while the third also introduces turbidity data in order to exercise dynamic control between two overflow locations. The efficiency of each strategy is compared over a wide range of system setups, described by two parameters. This assessment is performed by simulating the application of control strategies to actual measurements time series recorded on two sites. Adding turbidity measurements into an RTC strategy leads to a significant reduction in the annual overflow pollutant load. The pollutant spills spared by such a control strategy strongly depend on the site and on the flow rate based strategy considered as a reference. With the datasets used in this study, values ranging from 5 to 50% were obtained.

Empirical Demonstration of Acausal Control Strategies for Wave Energy Converters

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Eder ◽  
James Bretl ◽  
Kathleen Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Complex Conjugate ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Wave Elevation ◽  
Linear Damping ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

The benefit of acausal control strategies for Wave Energy Convertors (WECs) is empirically demonstrated in a wave tank. An upstream wave gage is used to provide real time predictions of the wave elevation at the WEC’s location. Using a sub-optimal control strategy based upon complex conjugate control, these predictions are used to generate real time force commands for the Power Take Off (PTO) system. Empirical comparisons are made between the acausal control strategy and a simple linear damping approach.

scholarly journals Lentiviral expressing shRNAs inhibit the replication of Contagious Ecthyma virus by targeting DNA polymerase gene

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Asadi Samani ◽  
Behnaz Saffar ◽  
Azam Mokhtari ◽  
Ehsan Arefian
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Viral Titer ◽  
Contagious Ecthyma ◽  
Polymerase Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
New Approach

Abstract Background: Contagious ecthyma or Orf is known as a zoonotic disease remains prevalently worldwide despite the application of some control strategies against it. RNAi particularly shRNA provides us with the chance to tackle this obstacle by an encouraging new approach. The current study indicates the design and experiment of third-generation lentivirus packaging systems delivering shRNAs to inhibit ORFV replication and infection. Methods: Given the importance of DNA-pol gene in virus replication, in this study, three shRNAs against this gene were designed and cloned into lentiviral vectors to stabilize the expression of shRNAs. After producing lentivectors expressing ORFV-DNA– pol in HEK293T cells, the synthesized shRNAs were applied to downregulate viral replication and gene expression. The reduction in viral titer and RNA was evaluated by TCID50 test as well as real-time RT-PCR. The results were then analyzed in comparison with the control group. Results: Designed shRNAs significantly reduced virus yield approximately 90% to 97% and 96.8% to 99.4%, respectively compared to the control groups (cells infected with ORFV and infected with ORFV and scrambled vector) by TCID50 test. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a dramatic reduction in the expression of viral RNA approximately 99% compared to cells infected with ORFV and from 92.6% to 99%, respectively compared to cells infected with ORFV and scrambled vector. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be stated that RNAi is capable of being used as a potent therapeutically option against viruses like ORFV.

The Modification of Digital Current Following Control Approach of Buck DC-DC Converter

2014 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 628-632
Author(s):  
Hong Li Cheng ◽  
Long Fei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
State Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
Steady State Control

Current following control Buck DC-DC converter has such advantages as simple control strategy and fast response speed, in this paper, based on the existing control strategy, a detailed research is gave and a mathematical model is established to load sudden change. This improves the existing control strategy. The modified control strategies which can be divided into steady state control strategy and load change control strategy. By Simulation, the results shows that the proposed control strategy is feasible. Ensuring accuracy of output voltage while steady state, the modified control strategy obviously improves the dynamic performances, also shorter recovery time under the condition of the existing hardware parameters.

Learning and Transfer of Human Real-Time Control Strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Nechyba ◽  
◽  
Yangsheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Extended Kalman Filtering ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Input Selection ◽  
Human Expert ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Time Control

In this paper, we address the problem of how to model human real-time control strategy and how to transfer that model to robots or humans. This class of problems is significant to a number of research areas, such as the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System, human-machine interfacing, space telerobotics, and virtual reality. Human models can benefit not only the development of more intelligent control strategies for robots and machines, but can also improve the transfer of human intelligence and skill from expert to apprentice. In this paper, we illustrate a system we developed for modeling human control strategy through the use of flexible cascade neural networks, which adjust the size of the network as part of the training process, and which can be extended with variable activation functions and node-decoupled extended Kalman filtering to achieve faster learning and better error convergence. We implement the method in modeling human real-time driving strategy and show that the HCS models converge to stable behavior, while preserving the differences between individuals’ varying control strategies. We discuss the use of HCS models for transferring skill from human expert to human apprentice; rather than learn directly from a human expert, a HCS model serves as a virtual teacher to a learning apprentice. Finally, we outline on-going research issues and future work related to human control strategy modeling and transfer, including stochastic model validation, and HCS model input selection.

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