Study on Oil and Gas Pipeline Leakage Real-Time Inspection System Based on Distributed Optical Fiber

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Feng ◽  
Shijiu Jin ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Zhoumo Zeng ◽  
Pengchao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber ◽  
The Cost

A distributed optical fiber system used to detect pipeline leakage and lawless excavation is put forward in this paper. This system is based on Mach-Zehnder optical fiber interferometer theory, which uses three monomode fibers in one optical fiber cable to compose two Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Vibrations from leakage point and lawless excavation along the pipeline can be acquired by the optical fibers, so the vibrations occurred on the pipeline can be detected in real time. In this paper, the principle and the system construction are introduced, and the way of the fiber cable to influence the sensitivity is studied. And also, the polarization on the optical path is studied in this paper, and a new technology to eliminate “Polarization Debilitating” is put forward. With principle analysis and experimental results, it is demonstrated that the detection system’s measuring sensitivity and location accuracy for detecting leakage and lawless excavation are greatly improved when adopting this technology, and furthermore the cost is very low.

Study on Oil and Gas Pipeline Leakage Real-Time Inspection System Based on Distributed Optical Fiber

2008 ◽  
Vol 381-382 ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhou ◽  
Shi Jiu Jin ◽  
H. Feng ◽  
Z.M. Zeng ◽  
Z.G. Qu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Vibration Sensor ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber

A new distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detection technology based on Mach-Zehnder optical fiber interferometer theory is put forward. When using this technology, an optical fiber cable is laid along the pipeline. Noise from leaking point on the pipeline can be acquired by the optical fiber vibration sensor which was composed of three single mode optical fibers, thus, leakage occurred on the pipeline can be detected in real time. The detection principle and system construction are explained and in-site testing data is analyzed. With principle analysis and experimental results, it is demonstrated that the detection system’s measuring sensitivity and location accuracy for detecting leakage are high when adopting this technology.

scholarly journals Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4865
Author(s):  
Kinzo Kishida ◽  
Artur Guzik ◽  
Ken’ichi Nishiguchi ◽  
Che-Hsien Li ◽  
Daiji Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Chirp Pulse ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Industry Applications

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure quasi-static physical quantities, such as intensity spectrum of the scattered light. DAS is attracting considerable attention as it complements the conventional distributed measurements. To implement DAS in commercial applications, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently high signal-noise ratio (SNR) for scattered light detection, suppress its deterioration along the sensing fiber, achieve lower noise floor for weak signals and, moreover, perform high-speed processing within milliseconds (or sometimes even less). In this paper, we present a new, real-time DAS, realized by using the time gated digital-optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR) method, in which the chirp pulse is divided into overlapping bands and assembled after digital decoding. The developed prototype NBX-S4000 generates a chirp signal with a pulse duration of 2 μs and uses a frequency sweep of 100 MHz at a repeating frequency of up to 5 kHz. It allows one to detect sound waves at an 80 km fiber distance range with spatial resolution better than a theoretically calculated value of 2.8 m in real time. The developed prototype was tested in the field in various applications, from earthquake detection and submarine cable sensing to oil and gas industry applications. All obtained results confirmed effectiveness of the method and performance, surpassing, in conventional SM fiber, other commercially available interrogators.

scholarly journals Damage detection in laminar thermoplastic composite materials by means of embedded optical fibers

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kojovic ◽  
Irena Zivkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Brajovic ◽  
Dragan Mitrakovic ◽  
Radoslav Aleksic
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the possibility of applying optical fibers as sensors for investigating low energy impact damage in laminar thermoplastic composite materials, in real time. Impact toughness testing by a Charpy impact pendulum with different loads was conducted in order to determine the method for comparative measurement of the resulting damage in the material. For that purpose intensity-based optical fibers were built in to specimens of composite materials with Kevlar 129 (the DuPont registered trade-mark for poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)) woven fabric as reinforcement and thermoplastic PVB (poly(vinyl butyral)) as the matrix. In some specimens part of the layers of Kevlar was replaced with metal mesh (50% or 33% of the layers). Experimental testing was conducted in order to observe and analyze the response of the material under multiple low-energy impacts. Light from the light-emitting diode (LED) was launched to the embedded optical fiber and was propagated to the phototransistor-based photo detector. During each impact, the signal level, which is proportional to the light intensity in the optical fiber, drops and then slowly recovers. The obtained signals were analyzed to determine the appropriate method for real time damage monitoring. The major part of the damage occurs during impact. The damage reflects as a local, temporary release of strain in the optical fiber and an increase of the signal level. The obtained results show that intensity-based optical fibers could be used for measuring the damage in laminar thermoplastic composite materials. The acquired optical fiber signals depend on the type of material, but the same set of rules (relatively different, depending on the type of material) could be specified. Using real time measurement of the signal during impact and appropriate analysis enables quantitative evaluation of the impact damage in the material. Existing methods in most cases use just the intensity of the signal before and after the impact, as the measure of damage. This method could be used to monitor the damage in real time, giving warnings before fatal damage occurs.

scholarly journals Comparative Experimental Study of a High-Temperature Raman-Based Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor with Different Special Fibers

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Laarossi ◽  
María Quintela-Incera ◽  
José López-Higuera
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber

An experimental study of a high temperature distributed optical fiber sensor based on Raman Optical-Time-Domain-Reflectometry (ROTDR) (up to 450 °C) and optical fibers with different coatings (polyimide/carbon, copper, aluminum and gold) is presented. Analysis of the distributed temperature sensor (DTS) measurements determined the most appropriate optical fiber to be used in high temperature industrial environment over long periods of time. To demonstrate the feasibility of this DTS for an industrial application, an optical cable was designed with the appropriate optical fiber and it was hermetically sealed to provide the required mechanical resistance and isolate the fiber from environmental degradations. This cable was used to measure temperature up to 360 °C of an industrial furnace during 7 days.

Application Study on a Detecting Tube for Deformation Settlement Monitoring for Earth Dike Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Ping Yu Zhu ◽  
Hua Lei ◽  
Yuan Bao Leng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensors ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber ◽  
Settlement Monitoring

A monitoring structure has been designed to detect settlement using a tube with distributed optical fiber sensors inside. The strain of the optical fibers inside the detecting tube was calculated to estimate the settlement degree of earth dam. The Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of the tube interaction with the earth dam by ANSYS software is applied to find the best installation location of the detecting tube.

Basic Strategy of Health Monitoring on Submarine Pipeline by Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Liang Jin ◽  
Jian-Wen Shao ◽  
En-Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Submarine Pipeline ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber

Submarine pipeline system is a main pattern in collection and transmission of offshore oil and gas, which sends oil and gas from offshore oil/gas field to land, and it plays an important role in the production of oil and gas. Because of the complicated and harsh condition in which pipeline system works, such as impulsion, corrosion and free-spanning vibration, failure of submarine pipeline system occurs occasionally, it causes oil leakage, environment pollution and economic losses. Health monitoring is a feasible and effective manner to ensure submarine pipeline safe and reliable during service, especially when all factors affecting pipeline failure are not still entirely realized or controlled. The basic strategy of a new real-time monitoring system for long distance submarine pipeline is introduced in this paper, which has the function of diagnosis and auto-alarm. In this system, a new distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS), which uses optical time domain reflectometry theory based on Brillouin backscatter, is applied to monitor the strain and temperature along the pipeline. To be used for long distance submarine pipeline, this system applies Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) technology and series DOFSs in series so as to extend the measure scope for long distance submarine pipeline. By using signal processing system to analyze the outcome data of sensor, the strain along the pipeline can be obtained. If the strain reaches the alarm setting, the system will send out caution and meanwhile accurately give the damage position. The system can also analyses vibration frequency of pipeline, if free-spanning vibration occurs, caution will also be given, so that the operator can take some measures in time to avoid the failure of pipeline. In this paper, the makeup of distributed optical fiber sensor and developing principle are specified, system development, application and construction in engineering are analyzed as well. The brand new practical system can not only be used for submarine oil and gas pipeline but also for land oil and gas transfer system, city coal gas transfer system, electricity-transmission cable and so on. This system can be widely used in many prospects of other industries.

scholarly journals Long-Range Distributed Solar Irradiance Sensing Using Optical Fibers

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Magalhães ◽  
Luis Costa ◽  
Sonia Martin-Lopez ◽  
Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez ◽  
Alejandro F. Braña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Distributed Sensor

Until recently, the amount of solar irradiance reaching the Earth surface was considered to be a steady value over the years. However, there is increasing observational evidence showing that this quantity undergoes substantial variations over time, which need to be addressed in different scenarios ranging from climate change to solar energy applications. With the growing interest in developing solar energy technology with enhanced efficiency and optimized management, the monitoring of solar irradiance at the ground level is now considered to be a fundamental input in the pursuit of that goal. Here, we propose the first fiber-based distributed sensor able of monitoring ground solar irradiance in real time, with meter scale spatial resolutions over distances of several tens of kilometers (up to 100 km). The technique is based on an optical fiber reflectometry technique (CP-ϕOTDR), which enables real time and long-range high-sensitivity bolometric measurements of solar radiance with a single optical fiber cable and a single interrogator unit. The method is explained and analyzed theoretically. A validation of the method is proposed using a solar simulator irradiating standard optical fibers, where we demonstrate the ability to detect and quantify solar irradiance with less than a 0.1 W/m2 resolution.

Robotic Inspection System for Unpiggable Pipelines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Torbin ◽  
William Leary ◽  
George Vradis
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Distributed Intelligence ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Pipe Geometry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pipeline Safety ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Much of the existing natural gas infrastructure was designed and built without pigging as an operational consideration. There are many physical obstacles in pipelines that make the passage of SMART pigs impossible. The most intractable obstacles include: • Elbows with tight bend radius. • Back to back combinations of elbows. • Partially ported values. • Reductions/expansions greater than two pipe sizes. The use of pigs is totally dependent on the availability of pressure to “push” the pig through the pipeline. Unfortunately, the operation of many utility owned transmission pipelines is at a pressure too low to support the operation of a conventional pig. Although most interstate pipelines are many miles long, many high consequence areas along transmission pipelines are usually extremely short. Many of these pipeline segments are only one to two miles in length with no installed local traps. With the advances in robotics and sensor technology, the Office of Pipeline Safety has recently endorsed the concept that all oil and gas transmission pipelines should be capable of 100 percent inspection. The cost to replace just unpiggable valves and sharp bends has been estimated at over $1.5 billion (gas only). Therefore, the ability to inspect unpiggable pipelines presents a formidable technical and financial challenge. The inspection of unpiggable pipelines requires the marriage of a highly agile robotic platform with NDE sensor technology operating as an autonomous system. Foster-Miller and PII are developing a robot that is essentially a battery powered, train-like platform. Both front and rear tractors propel the train in either the downstream or upstream direction. Like a train, the platform includes additional “cars” to carry the required payloads. The cars are used for various purposes including the NDE sensor module(s), the power supply, and data acquisition/storage components. The onboard distributed intelligence gives the platform the capability of an engineer steering the train through the complex pipe geometry. The robot is designed with a slender aspect ratio and the ability to change shape as required by the physical obstacle presenting itself. The MFL sensor module must also morph itself through the physical obstacles, and thus, will require some level of segmentation. The system requires a very simple launch and retrieval station that is significantly less expensive to deploy.

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