Development of Pipeline Regulations in the Norwegian Petroleum Industry and Examples of Follow Up

The Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA) is an independent government regulator responsible for safety, emergency preparedness and the working environment in the Norwegian petroleum industry. Norway’s regulations for petroleum operations offshore and on land are risk-based, and give great emphasis to principles for reducing health, safety and environmental (HSE) risk. They have been developed over more than 40 years, changing from detailed prescriptive regulations in the early days to the present requirements, which are largely formulated in performance-based (functional) terms. They specify requirements for the various aspects, characteristics or qualities which a product, process or service must possess. In our regulations there are requirements for reporting incidents and specifically to report on damages to load-bearing structures and pipeline systems. About 2900 incidents with risers and pipelines were reported on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) from 1975 to January 2017. Of these, 2/3 related to pipelines and 1/3 to risers, and they were of varying degrees of severity. The incidents with highest risk for personnel concerned risers and more than 80 reported major incidents involving flexible risers occurred in the period from 2000–2016. This paper will briefly summarise the development of the regulations and give examples from the pipeline regulations and the way the PSA follows up the industry today. We will also present statistical data of incidents related to risers. Since the start of the trends in risk level project (RNNP) on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) in 1999–2000 there has been 84 reported riser incidents (classified as major in the PSA RNNP-project) where most of those incidents are related to flexibles. There has been no major accident related to risers on the NCS in the same period and very few leaks. 8 of 11 reported leaks for pipelines and risers within the safety zone has been from flexible risers, with relatively low leak rates.

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Case analysis and justification of physicians, collective actions

Journal of Korean Medical Association ◽

10.5124/jkma.2021.64.2.159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 159-170

Author(s):

Young In Oh ◽

Jeong Hun Park ◽

Duck Sun Ahn ◽

Sun Mi Lim

Keyword(s):

Collective Action ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Case Analysis ◽

Working Hours ◽

Working Environment ◽

Collective Actions ◽

The World ◽

The Media ◽

The Government

Since the last 100 years, physicians from many countries have been taking collective action. However, the media, civic groups, and the government have denounced them as inhuman and unethical. This study comprehensively analyzed the background and results of physicians’ collective actions that occurred in countries around the world, and reviewed the issues surrounding them. Among 314 cases in 70 countries discussed in the literature, 180 cases in 65 countries were analyzed. Of these 180 cases, 111 (61.7%) were successful, indicating that collective action has brought favorable results to physicians. Furthermore, 177 out of 301 requirements brought favorable results (58.8%). The main reason for collective actions was ‘improvement of working conditions’, which includes improving the medical and the reimbursement systems, adjusting working hours and wages, increasing manpower, supporting medical research, and improving other working environment and conditions. This study is significant because it provides statistical data on the causes and results of collective actions taken by physicians in countries around the world.

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Evaluation of vitamins/tonics prescribing pattern in tertiary care teaching hospital and private sector

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 733

Author(s):

V. K. Bhardwaj ◽

Navin Budania ◽

Naveen Kumar ◽

Arka Mondal ◽

Suman Lata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Private Sector ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Prescribing Pattern ◽

Significant Percentage ◽

The Past ◽

Government Sector ◽

The Government ◽

The Times

Background: Rational use of drugs had been great concern by the government as well as public during the past several years. Monitoring of prescriptions studies could identify the associated problems and provide feedback to the prescribers, so as to create awareness about the irrational use of drugs. This study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/Tonics in government sector and private sector.Methods: This prospective study was designed to obtain statistical data on the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/tonics in patients of S.V.B.P. Hospital Meerut and other associated hospital/ clinics. The total study sample size was of 614 prescriptions. Out of these 439 prescriptions were from government sector, 175 prescriptions from private sectors.Results: Percentages of prescription with Vitamins/ Tonics were 35.76 and 48.57 in government and private sectors respectively and these differences are statistically significant. Percentage of drug prescribed as Vitamins/ Tonics of the total drugs was 8.68 and 10.19, in government and private sector respectively and these differences are statistically not significant. Vitamins/ Tonics were the most frequently prescribed drugs 16.52% and 17.14% in obs./ Gynae in both the sectors respectively, and least number of Vitamins/ Tonics 1.06% and 3.2% were prescribed in cardiology in both the sectors.Conclusions: The study indicates a big scope for enhancing the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/Tonics and minimizing the use of irrational Vitamins/Tonics, due to the fact most of the times it’s not needed, and it only put financial burden on Patients.

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Effectiveness of a multidimensional intervention program in improving occupational musculoskeletal disorders among intensive care unit nurses: a cluster-controlled trial with follow-up at 3 and 6 months

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54677/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Yang ◽

Li Li ◽

Liqian Wang ◽

Jiaqi Zeng ◽

Bin Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Working Environment ◽

Control Group ◽

The Past ◽

Safe Working

Abstract Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). Data on occupational injuries indicate the significance of WRMDs among ICU nurses. Intervention programs have previously been developed to reduce WRMDs, but different intervention methods need to be adopted for different groups of people. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidimensional intervention program to prevent and reduce WRMDs in ICU nurses.Methods: This study was designed as a two-armed cluster-controlled trial with an intervention group and a control group. The clusters were independent hospital ICUs, and the participants consisted of registered nurses in China. By cluster random sampling, 89 nurses from two ICUs were assigned to the intervention group, and 101 nurses from two other ICUs were assigned to the control group. A multidimensional intervention program based on previous studies was designed. This program combined improving risk perception, health behavior training, and promoting a safe working environment. The multidimensional intervention program was implemented in the intervention group, whereas routine specialist training was implemented in the control group. Baseline and follow-up (3 and 6 months) data were collected using self-reported online questionnaires. The primary outcome was the report rate of WRMDs in the past 7 days. Secondary outcomes were risk perception, application of health behavior, and perception of a safe working environment. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 19.0.Results: A total of 190 nurses provided three recorded outcome measurements (intervention group, N = 89 (94.68%); control group, N = 101 (94.39%)). After 6 months, the intervention group experienced significant improvement relative to the control group in the report rate of WRMDs in the past 7 days (OR = 1.953, p = 0.037), risk perception (OR = 0.517, p < 0.001), application of health behavior (OR = 0.025, p < 0.001), and perception of a safe working environment (OR = 1.637, p = 0.024).Conclusion: The multidimensional intervention program was superior to routine specialist training in preventing the occurrence of WRMDs in ICU nurses. WRMD training should include multifaceted approaches and pay increased attention to specific department functions.

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Effectiveness of a multidimensional intervention program in improving occupational musculoskeletal disorders among intensive care unit nurses: a cluster-controlled trial with follow-up at 3 and 6 months

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-021-00561-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Yang ◽

Li Li ◽

Liqian Wang ◽

Jiaqi Zeng ◽

Bin Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Working Environment ◽

Control Group ◽

The Past ◽

Safe Working

Abstract Background Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). Data on occupational injuries indicate the significance of WRMDs among ICU nurses. Intervention programs have previously been developed to reduce WRMDs, but different intervention methods need to be adopted for different groups of people. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidimensional intervention program to prevent and reduce WRMDs in ICU nurses. Methods This study was designed as a two-armed cluster-controlled trial with an intervention group and a control group. The clusters were independent hospital ICUs, and the participants consisted of registered nurses in China. By cluster random sampling, 89 nurses from two ICUs were assigned to the intervention group, and 101 nurses from two other ICUs were assigned to the control group. A multidimensional intervention program based on previous studies was designed. This program combined improving risk perception, health behavior training, and promoting a safe working environment. The multidimensional intervention program was implemented in the intervention group, whereas routine specialist training was implemented in the control group. Baseline and follow-up (3 and 6 months) data were collected using self-reported online questionnaires. The primary outcome was the report rate of WRMDs in the past 7 days. Secondary outcomes were risk perception, application of health behavior, and perception of a safe working environment. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results A total of 190 nurses provided three recorded outcome measurements (intervention group, N = 89 (94.68%); control group, N = 101 (94.39%)). After 6 months, the intervention group experienced significant improvement relative to the control group in the report rate of WRMDs in the past 7 days (OR = 1.953, p = 0.037), risk perception (OR = 0.517, p < 0.001), application of health behavior (OR = 0.025, p < 0.001), and perception of a safe working environment (OR = 1.637, p = 0.024). Conclusion The multidimensional intervention program was superior to routine specialist training in preventing the occurrence of WRMDs in ICU nurses. WRMD training should include multifaceted approaches and pay increased attention to specific department functions.

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Who and what projects have been funded by the government?

Social Transformations in Chinese Societies ◽

10.1108/stics-05-2019-0010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 39-55

Author(s):

Thomas Kwan-Choi Tse

Keyword(s):

Civic Education ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Large Scale ◽

Statistical Data ◽

General Trend ◽

Public Funding ◽

Content Type ◽

Civic Society ◽

The Past ◽

The Government

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the general trend of a funding scheme of civic education over the past 30 years in terms of the number of projects and the amount of their subsidies, the targeted groups, the content of the activities and the nature of the grantees. Design/methodology/approach Using statistical data of sponsored projects over three decades and interviews with ten informants. Findings There has been a shift in the concerns and priorities of these projects. Through the incentives and by setting the themes for funding, the government has regulated the civil society’s involvement with civic education and helped to fashion the officially endorsed values. But it is no longer effective to mediate state–civil society relationship and to cope with the new political scenario. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the changing state–civic society relationship over the years with a solid large-scale database. This study advances the knowledge about public funding projects related to citizenship education in particular and sponsorship as a means of governance in general.

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Effectiveness of a multidimensional intervention program in improving occupational musculoskeletal disorders among intensive care units nurses: a cluster controlled trial with follow-up at 3 and 6 months

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54677/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Yang ◽

Li Li ◽

Liqian Wang ◽

Jiaqi Zeng ◽

Bin Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Working Environment ◽

Control Group ◽

The Past ◽

Safe Working

Abstract Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). Data on occupational injuries indicate the significance of WRMDs among ICU nurses. Intervention programs have previously been developed to reduce WRMDs, but different intervention methods need to be adopted for different groups of people. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidimensional intervention program to prevent and reduce WRMDs in ICU nurses.Methods: The study was designed as a two-armed cluster controlled trial with an intervention group and a control group. The clusters were independent hospital ICUs, and the participants consisted of registered nurses. By cluster random sampling, 89 nurses from 2 ICUs were assigned to the intervention group, and 101 nurses from 2 other ICUs were assigned to the control group. A multidimensional intervention program based on previous studies was designed. This program combined improving risk perception, health behavior training, and promoting a safe working environment. The multidimensional intervention program was implemented in the intervention group, whereas the routine specialist training was implemented in the control group. Baseline and follow-up (3 and 6 months) data were collected using self-reported online questionnaires. The primary outcome was the report rate of WRMDs in the past 7 days. Secondary outcomes were risk perception, health behavior applied, and perception of a safe working environment. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results: A total of 190 nurses provided 3 recorded outcome measurement (intervention group N=89 (94.68%); control group N=101 (94.39%)). After 6 months, the intervention group experienced significant improvement relative to the control group in the report rate of WRMDs in the past 7 days (OR=0.512, p =0.038), risk perception (OR=0.517, p <0.001), health behavior training (OR=0.025, p <0.001), and perception of a safe working environment (OR=1.637, p =0.024). Conclusion: The multidimensional intervention program was superior to routine specialist training in preventing the occurrence of WRMDs in ICU nurses. WRMD training should include multifaceted approaches and pay increased attention to specific aspects of the departmental function.

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Making It Count

10.23943/princeton/9780691179476.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arunabh Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Statistical Data ◽

New Technology ◽

Political Leaders ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Great Leap Forward ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Statistics ◽

The Government ◽

The Great Leap Forward

In 1949, at the end of a long period of wars, one of the biggest challenges facing leaders of the new People's Republic of China was how much they did not know. The government of one of the world's largest nations was committed to fundamentally reengineering its society and economy via socialist planning while having almost no reliable statistical data about their own country. This book is the history of efforts to resolve this “crisis in counting.” The book explores the choices made by political leaders, statisticians, academics, statistical workers, and even literary figures in attempts to know the nation through numbers. It shows that early reliance on Soviet-inspired methods of exhaustive enumeration became increasingly untenable in China by the mid-1950s. Unprecedented and unexpected exchanges with Indian statisticians followed, as the Chinese sought to learn about the then-exciting new technology of random sampling. These developments were overtaken by the tumult of the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), when probabilistic and exhaustive methods were rejected and statistics was refashioned into an ethnographic enterprise. By acknowledging Soviet and Indian influences, the book not only revises existing models of Cold War science but also globalizes wider developments in the history of statistics and data. Anchored in debates about statistics and its relationship to state building, the book offers fresh perspectives on China's transition to socialism.

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E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology ◽

10.23956/ijermt.v6i8.149 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

Ramnik Kaur

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Public Administration ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

The Public ◽

Government Services ◽

The Past ◽

The Government ◽

Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

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Why do the national financial and monetary policies not boost the economy?

Finance and Credit ◽

10.24891/fc.26.7.1496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1496-1521

Author(s):

N.I. Kulikov ◽

M.A. Kulikova ◽

A.A.S.R. Mobio

Keyword(s):

Central Bank ◽

Policy Support ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Government Contracts ◽

Monetary Policies ◽

The Past ◽

Russian Economy ◽

Yearly Average ◽

Analysis And Synthesis ◽

The Government

Subject. This article assesses the reasons why the economic policy of the Government and Central Bank of Russia does not cause the economic advance. The article tries to find out why the two strategic programmes adopted over the past ten years have not been implemented in most indicators. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the results of financial and monetary policies in Russia over the past ten years, and establish why the Russian economy has been growing within one percent yearly average all these years, and its share in the world economy has not grown, but got reduced even. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The article proposes certain measures and activities to move to soft financial and monetary policies of the State and corresponding changes in the structure of the Russian economy. This will help ensure six to seven percent GDP growth annually. Conclusions. High loan rates have become the main obstacle to GDP growth in Russia. It is necessary to accept concrete actions and decisions concerning the Bank of Russia key rate, expansion of the functions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, industrial policy, support of consumer demand, long-term government contracts for the real sector enterprises, etc.

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