A Human Factors Investigation Into the Unavailability of Active Warnings at Railway Level Crossings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gildersleeve ◽  
Christian Wullems
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses human factors issues of low cost railway level crossings in Australia. Several issues are discussed in this paper including safety at level railway crossings, human factors considerations associated with the unavailability of a warning device, and a conceptual model for how safety could be compromised at railway level crossings following prolonged or frequent unavailability. The current paper summarises and extends pertinent literature that must be considered for effective interventions to improve safety and to advance our theoretical understanding of human behaviour at level crossings. Although the results of our research are not presented, we describe our experimental approach to progress the current lack of knowledge in this area. In particular we highlight where we can improve previous research methodology (independent & dependent variables) when investigating right-side failure at level crossings, which can produce results with greater validity and meaning. Our research aims to quantify risk to motorists at level crossings following right-side failure using a Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) method, supported by data collected using an advanced driving simulator. This method aims to identify human error within tasks and task units identified as part of the task analysis process. It is anticipated that by modelling driver behaviour the current study will be able to quantify human reliability. Such a risk assessment for the impact of right-side failure at level crossings is currently absent in the literature. Therefore it is crucial to offer quantification of success and failure of this intricate system. The task analysis allows human error identification for the precursors to risky driving to be achieved. If task analysis is not employed the error reduction method may be unsuitable and eventually unsuccessful. Our aim is also to determine those contexts that allow the system to operate successfully with the smallest probability of human error. Human behaviour during complex tasks such as driving through a level crossing is fundamentally context bound. Therefore this study also aims to quantify those performance-shaping factors that may contribute to vehicle train collisions by highlighting changes in the task units and driver physiology. Finally we consider a number of variables germane to ensuring external validity of our results. Without this inclusion, such an analysis could seriously underestimate risk.

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT – VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT AND OUT KEY HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION AND SAFETY OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Petra Skolilova
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The article outlines some human factors affecting the operation and safety of passenger air transport given the massive increase in the use of the VLA. Decrease of the impact of the CO2 world emissions is one of the key goals for the new aircraft design. The main wave is going to reduce the burned fuel. Therefore, the eco-efficiency engines combined with reasonable economic operation of the aircraft are very important from an aviation perspective. The prediction for the year 2030 says that about 90% of people, which will use long-haul flights to fly between big cities. So, the A380 was designed exactly for this time period, with a focus on the right capacity, right operating cost and right fuel burn per seat. There is no aircraft today with better fuel burn combined with eco-efficiency per seat, than the A380. The very large aircrafts (VLAs) are the future of the commercial passenger aviation. Operating cost versus safety or CO2 emissions versus increasing automation inside the new generation aircraft. Almost 80% of the world aircraft accidents are caused by human error based on wrong action, reaction or final decision of pilots, the catastrophic failures of aircraft systems, or air traffic control errors are not so frequent. So, we are at the beginning of a new age in passenger aviation and the role of the human factor is more important than ever.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF AIRPORT WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE ON SENIOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR AND SAFETY OF AIRPORT ROAD ACCESS DESIGN

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129
Author(s):  
Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽  
Romano Pagliari ◽  
Richard Moxon
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Car Driving

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different wayfinding provision on senior driving behaviour and road safety. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road. Wayfinding complexity varied due to differing levels of road-side furniture. Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that age group has a correlation between road design complexity, driving behaviour and driving errors.

Assessing Human Reliability Behaviour from Use of Technology for Ships Navigating within Coastal Water

2015 ◽  
pp. 1141-1153
Author(s):  
Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Performance Shaping Factors ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

The traditional approach to the study of human factors in the maritime field involves the analysis of accidents without considering human factor reliability analysis. The main approaches being used to analyze human errors are statistical approach and probability theory approach. Another suitable approach to the study of human factors in the maritime industry is the quasi-experimental field study where variations in performance (for example attention) can be observed as a function of natural variations in performance shaping factors. This chapter analyzes result of modelling for human error and human reliability emanating from the use of technology on board ship navigation in coastal water areas by using qualitative and quantitative tools. Accident reports from marine department are used as empirical material for quantitative analysis. The literature on safety is based on common themes of accidents, the influence of human error resulting from technology usage design, accident reports from MAIB, and interventions information are used for qualitative assessment. Human reliability assessment involves analysis of accidents in waterways emanating from human-technology factors. The chapter reports enhancement requirement of the methodological issues with previous research study, monitoring, and deduces recommendations for technology modification of the human factors necessary to improve maritime safety performance. The result presented can contribute to rule making and safety management leading to the development of guidelines and standards for human reliability risk management for ships navigating within inland and coastal waters.

The impact of texting on driver behaviour at rail level crossings

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie L. Young ◽  
Michael G. Lenné ◽  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Neville A. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
The Impact

Evaluation of significant transitions in the influencing factors of human reliability

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Konstandinidou ◽  
Z Nivolianitou ◽  
C Kiranoudis ◽  
N Markatos
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Adjustment Cost ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Theory ◽  
Error Probabilities ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes sensitivity analysis of a previously developed model for the estimation of the probability of human erroneous actions in specific industrial and working contexts. The model has been built using the fuzzy logic theory. The fuzzy model developed includes nine input parameters according to the CREAM (cognitive reliability and error analysis method) methodology. The model has been used in order to detect the critical transitions in the optimization of human reliability, for corresponding changes in each of the nine input parameters. Changes in the working context have been evaluated through their relevant reduction to the action failure probability of the human operator. The results of the fuzzy model, after the defuzzification process, are human error probabilities in the form of crisp numbers, which can eventually be used in probabilistic assessments and cost—benefit analyses in order to compare the parameters’ adjustment cost with the impact this adjustment has on the performance and reliability of the human operator.

Development of Warning System and Driving Model for Overtaking Trucks on Two-Lane Highways

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udai Hassein ◽  
Maksym Diachuk ◽  
Said Easa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
The Impact

Passing collisions are one of the most serious traffic safety problems on two-lane highways. These collisions occur when a driver overestimates the available sight distance. This paper presents a framework for a passing collision warning system (PCWS) that assists drivers in avoiding passing collisions by reducing the likelihood of human error. The system uses a combination of a camera and radar sensors to identify the impeding vehicle type and to detect the opposing vehicles traveling in the left lane. The study involved the development of a steering control model providing lane-change maneuvers, the design of a driving simulator experiment that allows for the collection of data necessary to estimate passing parameters, and the elaboration of the algorithm for the PCWS based on sensor signals to detect impeding vehicles such as trucks. Simulation tests were carried out to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PCWS algorithm. The impact of driver behavior on passing maneuvers was also investigated. Mathematical and imitation models were enhanced to implement Simulink for replications of real-life driving scenarios. The different factors that affect system accuracy were also examined.

THE IMPACT OF AIRPORT ROAD WAYFINDING ONSENIOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽  
Rohafiz Sabar ◽  
Romano Pagliari ◽  
Richard Moxon
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Car Driving

The purpose of this study was to measure the impacts of airport road access design and wayfinding systems on senior driver performances. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road (i.e. approximately 4 minutes driving to complete each scenario). Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA results showed that in comparison of senior drivers’ age group, there is a low impact between driving behaviour and road safety on airport road access wayfinding design.

scholarly journals Mining Employees Safety and the Application of Information Technology in Coal Mining: Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Getnet Engeda Birhane ◽  
Junqi Zhu ◽  
Jichao Geng
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Unsafe Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Background: Though the introduction of modern safer underground coal mining methods and automation, mine accidents still cause loss of lives, time, and money. This paper aims to analyze in detail the causes of safety and environmental issues in the coal mining industry, as well as the impact of IoT on coal mining.Method: A systematic review was conducted. A comprehensive search involving Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science direct databases was conducted using a combination of the following keywords: mining accidents, coal mining injuries, human error in mining, intelligent mining, etc. The inclusion criteria: (1) the study was published between January 2000 and June 2020; (2) the participants were coal mining employees/coal mining accidents and accidents were work-related; (3) the study focused on identifying causes of coal mining safety issues or accidents, factors that influence unsafe behaviors and accidents in coal mining, coal mining rescue management, coal mining rescue plan, coal mining environmental impact, mining information technology, intelligent mining; (4) the study was published in a refereed journal; (5) the study was written in English. In this paper, articles were retained if they were original studies.Results: A total of 59 papers were reviewed in detail. Safety issues in coal mining and the impact of IoT were identified and categorized into three main factors: general safety issues, environmental factors, and mining information technology. Recently, the coal mines had become mechanized and automated leading to improved safety, productivity, and cost. However, Human factors such as lack of appropriate skill, lack of experience, perceptual error, and unsafe behaviors, as well as lack of detailed emergency rescue plan were the leading causes of coal mining injuries. Furthermore, abandoned mining sites' carbon emission is greater than active sites.Conclusion: The study recommends further research to be conducted using different psychological models to understand human factors and design effective safety management systems. And the environmental impact of abandoned mining sites should be given due attention.

scholarly journals ANALISA HUMAN ERROR PADA KARYAWAN PRODUKSI BARECORE MENGGUNAKAN METODE HUMAN RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT (HRA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Yustina Ngatilah ◽  
Endang Pudji W ◽  
Rr Rochmoeljati ◽  
Tranggono Tranggono
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Fault Tree ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Human Error Probability

Seluruh industri pasti memiliki keinginan untuk memiliki zero accident. Namun pada kenyataannya banyak perusahaan yang memiliki angka kecelakaan yang tinggi tiap tahunnya. Human Reliability Assessment merupakan salah satu metode untuk memberi usulan alternatif pengurangan terhadap kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi. Dimana langkah yang digunakan yakni mengumpulkan data kecelakaan kerja,data Task Analysis Sistem dan data identifikasi kegagalan. Pengolahan yang dilakukan yakni dengan penggambaran kecelakaan kerja menggunakan Fault Tree Analysis,kemudian kuantifikasi nilai Human Error Probability dengan metode Human Error And Reduction Technique dan pada akhirnya akan ditemukan usulan alternatif pengurangan kecelakaan kerja. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kesalahan manusia yang menimbulkan kecelakaan kerja. Kesalahan karyawan tersebut antara lain posisi pemotongan kurang benar dengan probabilitas tertinggi yaitu 0,728, untuk yang lain seperti gagal memposisikan saat pengambilan material, salah posisi dalam melakukan prosedur,tidak fokus dalam melakukan proses,tidak memperhatikan posisi kayu dan terburu-buru dalam melakukan prosedur probabilitasnya dibawah 0,728.

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