Development of an Intelligent Module Used in Railway Level Crossings to Solve the Safety and Punctuality Issues in Urban Area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu-Huan Lin ◽  
Yu-Lin Shih ◽  
Jyh-Cherng Jong ◽  
Chian-Shan Suen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Closing Time ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Train Services ◽  
Safe Mechanism ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Short Time

In urban area, frequent train services during peak hours often keep interrupting roadway traffic approaching level crossings (LXs). In Taiwan, more than 24 trains per hour pass the LXs in peak hours, and it leads to more than 40% time blocked by the barriers. To mitigate the potential risk of accidents between trains and roadway vehicles, almost 20% LXs had been installed with obstacle detection devices. It, however, leads to the following issues: (1) when the level crossings open and then close within a short period of time, the vehicles would likely be trapped in the dangerous area; (2) if the closing time at level crossings is not adjusted effectively, it would seriously impact the traffic flow and increase the possibility of trespassing; (3) the false alarm triggered by the obstacle detection devices has serious impact on train punctuality. To mitigate the influence on roadside traffic and improve the safety, this study developed an intelligent module which consists of the following functions: (1) transmitting real-time videos of level crossings to the approaching trains, (2) constant alarm time for trains with different approaching speeds, and (3) extending alarm time for trains from the opposite directions within short time periods. A level crossing located on curved line in urban area was selected to test the performance of these functions in an actual scenario. Alternative solutions were also adopted in the tests to compare the performance for reference. The results show that the module can be viable in practice, but needs further works to ensure the safety, such as developing a fail-safe mechanism and overcoming the software security issues.

scholarly journals Overexpression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) in Xeno-pus embryos activates maternal program of apoptosis as a “fail-safe” mechanism of early embryogenesis

Cell Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatake KAI ◽  
Chikara KAITO ◽  
Hiroshi FUKAMACHI ◽  
Takayasu HIGO ◽  
Eiji TA-KAYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Safe Mechanism ◽  
Fail Safe

The Success of Cognitive Activity of Students of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University with Different Levels of Anxietyin Different Time Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
A.I. Taleeva ◽  
◽  
I.T. Madumarova ◽  
N.V. Zvyagina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
Psychophysiological Testing ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Different Levels

The dynamic development of the modern world requires the processing and development of a large enough amount of information in a short period of time, which leads to a violation of the psychophysiological and psycho-emotional balance of the person. Violation of the psycho-emotional state leads to the development of increased anxiety. Students need to learn a lot of information in a very short time. The time limit affects students as a stress factor, leads to increased stress and therefore negatively affects the quality of work and in general on the whole body. The aim of the study is to determine the success of cognitive tasks by students of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University with different levels of anxiety in different time conditions. The study used a psychophysiological testing device to determine the level of situational and personal anxiety, to assess the psycho-emotional state used the technique of simple visual-motor reaction, to determine the success of the cognitive task were presented words with one missing letter.

scholarly journals Structure of the ATP synthase from Mycobacterium smegmatis provides targets for treating tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (47) ◽  
pp. e2111899118
Author(s):  
Martin G. Montgomery ◽  
Jessica Petri ◽  
Tobias E. Spikes ◽  
John E. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Catalytic Cycle ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Safe Mechanism ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Α Subunits

The structure has been determined by electron cryomicroscopy of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. This analysis confirms features in a prior description of the structure of the enzyme, but it also describes other highly significant attributes not recognized before that are crucial for understanding the mechanism and regulation of the mycobacterial enzyme. First, we resolved not only the three main states in the catalytic cycle described before but also eight substates that portray structural and mechanistic changes occurring during a 360° catalytic cycle. Second, a mechanism of auto-inhibition of ATP hydrolysis involves not only the engagement of the C-terminal region of an α-subunit in a loop in the γ-subunit, as proposed before, but also a “fail-safe” mechanism involving the b′-subunit in the peripheral stalk that enhances engagement. A third unreported characteristic is that the fused bδ-subunit contains a duplicated domain in its N-terminal region where the two copies of the domain participate in similar modes of attachment of the two of three N-terminal regions of the α-subunits. The auto-inhibitory plus the associated “fail-safe” mechanisms and the modes of attachment of the α-subunits provide targets for development of innovative antitubercular drugs. The structure also provides support for an observation made in the bovine ATP synthase that the transmembrane proton-motive force that provides the energy to drive the rotary mechanism is delivered directly and tangentially to the rotor via a Grotthuss water chain in a polar L-shaped tunnel.

scholarly journals How much information can be obtained from tracking the position of the leading edge in a scratch assay?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (97) ◽  
pp. 20140325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart T. Johnston ◽  
Matthew J. Simpson ◽  
D. L. Sean McElwain
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Scratch Assay ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Non Destructive

Moving cell fronts are an essential feature of wound healing, development and disease. The rate at which a cell front moves is driven, in part, by the cell motility, quantified in terms of the cell diffusivity D , and the cell proliferation rate λ . Scratch assays are a commonly reported procedure used to investigate the motion of cell fronts where an initial cell monolayer is scratched, and the motion of the front is monitored over a short period of time, often less than 24 h. The simplest way of quantifying a scratch assay is to monitor the progression of the leading edge. Use of leading edge data is very convenient because, unlike other methods, it is non-destructive and does not require labelling, tracking or counting individual cells among the population. In this work, we study short-time leading edge data in a scratch assay using a discrete mathematical model and automated image analysis with the aim of investigating whether such data allow us to reliably identify D and λ . Using a naive calibration approach where we simply scan the relevant region of the ( D , λ ) parameter space, we show that there are many choices of D and λ for which our model produces indistinguishable short-time leading edge data. Therefore, without due care, it is impossible to estimate D and λ from this kind of data. To address this, we present a modified approach accounting for the fact that cell motility occurs over a much shorter time scale than proliferation. Using this information, we divide the duration of the experiment into two periods, and we estimate D using data from the first period, whereas we estimate λ using data from the second period. We confirm the accuracy of our approach using in silico data and a new set of in vitro data, which shows that our method recovers estimates of D and λ that are consistent with previously reported values except that that our approach is fast, inexpensive, non-destructive and avoids the need for cell labelling and cell counting.

A Review of Cryptographic Algorithms for the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issmat Shah Masoodi ◽  
Bisma Javid
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
The Internet Of Things

There are various emerging areas in which profoundly constrained interconnected devices connect to accomplish specific tasks. Nowadays, internet of things (IoT) enables many low-resource and constrained devices to communicate, do computations, and make smarter decisions within a short period. However, there are many challenges and issues in such devices like power consumption, limited battery, memory space, performance, cost, and security. This chapter presents the security issues in such a constrained environment, where the traditional cryptographic algorithms cannot be used and, thus, discusses various lightweight cryptographic algorithms in detail and present a comparison between these algorithms. Further, the chapter also discusses the power awakening scheme and reference architecture in IoT for constrained device environment with a focus on research challenges, issues, and their solutions.

scholarly journals The Polar Fields and Time Fluctuations of the General Magnetic Field of the Sun

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 675-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Severny
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
General Magnetic Field ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Time

In an attempt to summarize the present knowledge on the general magnetic field (gmf) of the Sun we pointed out the fine structure and the statistical nature of the gmf as one of its most important properties. The dipole-like behaviour of the mean polar field strengths is combined sometimes (since 1964) with a bias of the S-polarity flux for both poles. Highly uneven distribution of gmf with latitude and longitude, the disappearance of gmf at the South pole for months, and short period, almost synchronous at both poles, variations in the sign of gmf are pointed out. The fluctuations with time of the mean magnetic field of the Sun seen as a star (as well as mf at different latitudes) shows periodicity connected with the rotation of the Sun and very close agreement with the fluctuations of the interplanetary field (sector structure). The effect of faster rotation of N-polarities as compared with S-polarities as well as the bias of mean solar as well as interplanetary S-polarity fields are also pointed out. The possibility of short time-scale (hours) intrinsic changes in the local pattern of gmf is demonstrated.

Total body water and the exchangeable hydrogen. I. Theoretical calculation of nonaqueous exchangeable hydrogen in man

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. R54-R59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Culebras ◽  
F. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Conformations ◽  
Molecular Conformations ◽  
Exchangeable Hydrogen ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Short Time

A theoretical calculation of the total nonaqueous exchangeable hydrogen in protein, carbohydrates, and fat in man has been made. It shows that of the total exchangeable hydrogen in the body 5.22% is located in biochemical components, soluble in body water, containing hydrogen that is exchangeable with the isotope. This value represents a maximum upward distortion of total body water measurements by isotope dilution, due to the maximum possible exchangeability in these molecular conformations. From comparative measurements reported in the literature it is clear that this maximum is not achieved during the short period of time during which tritium-dilution studies are performed. It is the authors' belief that the hard-to-exchange amide hydrogens described by Blout in the protein conformations account for this failure of the isotope to achieve complete exchange in the short time allowed.

scholarly journals Some Data on Mechanism of Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Following Irradiation

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA GIDÁLI ◽  
IMRE FEHÉR ◽  
Julia Osgyáni
Keyword(s):  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Short Time

Abstract 1. In rabbits irradiated with 150 to 600 r, granulocytosis is preceded by a prompt significant granulocytopenia developing 5-15 minutes after irradiation but persisting for a short time. 2. The plasma taken at the minimum of the initial granulocytopenia produced a similar two-phase reaction when injected into normal animals: a promptly developing significant granulocytopenia persisting for a short period followed by prolonged granulocytosis. Prolonged thrombocytopenia might be induced by the very same plasma. 3. The above-mentioned reactions may he reproduced satisfactorily with the administration of dilute starch solutions. 4. On the basis of the results obtained, it seems likely that the agent demonstrable in the plasma after irradiation, and influencing the level of circulating granulocytes and thrombocytes, is not a toxin (leukotoxin) but a substance that may be formed following physiologic stimuli as well.

Allometry of the kidney: implications for the ontogeny of osmoregulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (5) ◽  
pp. R760-R767 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Beuchat ◽  
E. J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Ion Balance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Sceloporus Jarrovi ◽  
Metanephric Kidney ◽  
Short Time

In reptiles, there are two pairs of kidneys at birth: the mesonephros and the metanephros. The metanephric kidney in reptiles, as in all amniote vertebrates, is retained as the functional kidney in adults. However, the reptilian mesonephros does not degenerate until after birth, and its function during this time is unknown. In neonates of the iguanid lizard Sceloporus jarrovi, the metanephric kidney is only 63% as large as predicted from the allometric relationship between kidney mass and body mass in adults. However, the kidney mass of neonatal lizards conforms to this prediction if the mesonephric and metanephric masses are combined. Some other amniote vertebrates appear to follow this pattern as well: in marsupials, which retain the mesonephros for a short period after birth, the sum of mesonephric and metanephric mass in neonates conforms to the allometry of kidney mass on body mass for adults. In contrast, the mesonephros of eutherian mammals is degenerate at birth and the metanephric kidney alone is of the predicted size. That the scaling of kidney mass in neonatal lizards and marsupials is the same as that of adults only if the mass of both the mesonephros and metanephros are combined suggests that the mesonephric kidney in these vertebrates plays a significant role in the regulation of water and ion balance during development and for at least a short time after birth.

Suppression of clonogenicity by mammalian Dnmt1 mediated by the PCNA-binding domain

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Santourlidis ◽  
Fumihiro Kimura ◽  
Johannes Fischer ◽  
Wolfgang A Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Acid Domain ◽  
Safe Mechanism ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Amino Acid Domain

Overexpression of the major DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 is cytotoxic and has been hypothesized to result in aberrant hypermethylation of genes required for cell survival. Indeed, overexpression of mouse or human Dnmt1 in murine and human cell lines decreased clonogenicity. By frame-shift and deletion constructs, this effect of mouse Dnmt1 was localized at the N-terminal 124 amino acid domain, which mediates interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Mutation of the PCNA-binding site restored normal cloning efficiencies. Overexpression of Dnmt3A or Dnmt3B, which do not interact with PCNA, yielded weaker effects on clonogenicity. Following introduction of the toxic domain, no significant effects on apoptosis, replication, or overall DNA methylation were observed for up to 3 d. Suppression of clonogenicity by Dnmt1 was also observed in cell lines lacking wild-type p53, p21CIP1, or p16INK4A. Suppression of clonogenicity by Dnmt1 overexpression may act as a fail-safe mechanism against carcinogenicity of sustained Dnmt1 overexpression.Key words: carcinogenesis, DNA methyltransferase, DNA methylation, p53, PCNA.

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