Ash Management Policy in Florida

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jean Yon
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Policy Document

Abstract Florida has recently revised its policy document concerning beneficial re-use of waste-to energy ash. The following is a reprint of the body of that document, without the appendices.

Life Cycle Comparison of Two Options for MSW Management in Puerto Rico: Thermal Treatment vs. Modern Landfilling

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Balaguer-Da´tiz ◽  
Nikhil Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Life Cycle Inventory ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Wide Range

The management of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Puerto Rico is becoming increasingly challenging. In recent years, several of the older landfills have closed due to lack of compliance with federal landfill requirements. Puerto Rico is an island community and there is limited space for construction of new landfills. Furthermore, Puerto Rico residents generate more waste per capita than people living on the continental US. Thermal treatment, or waste to energy (WTE) technologies are therefore a promising option for MSW management. It is critical to consider environmental impacts when making decisions related to MSW management. In this paper we quantify and compare the environmental implications of thermal treatment of MSW with modern landfilling for Puerto Rico from a life cycle perspective. The Caguas municipality is currently considering developing a thermal treatment plant. We compare this to an expansion of a landfill site in the Humacao municipality, which currently receives waste from Caguas. The scope of our analysis includes a broad suite of activities associated with management of MSW. We include: (i) the transportation of MSW; (ii) the impacts of managing waste (e.g., landfill gas emissions and potential aqueous run-off with landfills; air emissions of metals, dioxins and greenhouse gases) and (iii) the implications of energy and materials offsets from the waste management process (e.g., conversion of landfill gas to electricity, electricity produced in thermal treatment, and materials recovered from thermal treatment ash). We developed life cycle inventory models for different waste management processes, incorporating information from a wide range of sources — including peer reviewed life cycle inventory databases, the body of literature on environmental impact of waste management, and site-specific factors for Puerto Rico (e.g. waste composition, rainfall patterns, electricity mix). We managed uncertainty in data and models by constructing different scenarios for both technologies based on realistic ranges of emission factors. The results show that thermal treatment of the unrecyclable part of the waste stream is the preferred option for waste management when compared to modern landfilling. Furthermore, Eco-indicator 99 method is used to investigate the human health, ecosystem quality and resource use impact categories.

Educational policy borrowing in a globalized world

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Huy ◽  
M. Obaidul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
The Body ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Policy Borrowing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
Global Language

Purpose – This paper aims to shed light on the process of adopting and accommodating a global language education framework, namely the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for languages, in the context of Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach – The data to develop the argument of the paper are obtained from a doctoral research project that aims to understand the reception, interpretations and responses of key stakeholders in the process of enacting the CEFR in a Vietnam public university. The study was designed as a qualitative case study with data being collected using policy document analysis, classroom observation and in-depth interviews with 21 purposively sampled participants, including school administrators, English language teachers and students over a period of six months. Findings – The paper argues that the adoption of the CEFR, as it currently stands, can be seen at best as a “quick-fix” (Steiner-Khamsi, 2004, p. 58) solution to the complex and time-consuming problem of improving the quality of English language education in Vietnam, which fails to address some critical issues in the practice of teaching and learning the language in the country. Originality/value – The study speaks to the body of literature on the CEFR as a contemporary global language policy borrowing phenomenon in developing countries. It contributes to a better understanding of how a global language policy is adopted and appropriated at the grass-root level.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Impact of Credit Risk Management and Performance on Loan Portfolio at International Bank Liberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Alvin Boye Dolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Loan Portfolio ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
International Bank ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This research entitled “An Assessment of the impact of credit risk management and performance on loan portfolio at International Bank Liberia Limited from 2015-2017 contributed to the body of knowledge to the beneficiaries. It findings are also important for the Central Bank to use in monitoring credit scoring and history across all commercial bank with in the country. This study was quantitative in nature, and involves mathematical modelling in order to determine the effect of changes in interest rates on profit and net worth of the sampled banks. This study uses panel data and assumes that the effect of interest rate changes vary across the observations and over time, therefore the use of stochastic econometric (panel regression analysis) process is appropriate. The population of the study will consist of 150 credit staffs and other staffs of IBLL. The study adopt a census study and collect data for two years from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2017 and the researcher used sample out 85 respondents representing 57% as the sample size from the population of 150 persons from the study area. The findings reveals that it was established from the study that 25% of the respondents who were picked from the institution agreed that credit score is one of the major system used by the bank in determining loan and 32% selected credit history. It was also observed that that bank operate within a defined credit granting criteria. The findings also show that IBLL established a system of independent, ongoing assessment of the bank‟s credit risk management. It was proven that 48% of the respondents agree while 41% strongly agree. It was established that IBLL have a loan risk management policy in place. This policy is very crucial in providing guidelines on how to manage the various risks the bank encounter in their lending activities. Members of the bank and regulators are those responsible for the formulation of the credit policy with less input from employees.

Municipal Solid Waste Management and Treatment in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-114
Author(s):  
Mi Yan ◽  
Haryo Wibowo ◽  
Qike Liu ◽  
Yi Cai ◽  
Dicka Ar Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Plant Capacity ◽  
Emission Policy

This chapter focuses on the generation, treatment, and management policy, but excluding reduction and recycling information, of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China. Cities in China generated 215 million tons of MSW in 2017. It presents a big challenge for sustainable development of cities. Currently, sanitary landfill is the dominant method for MSW treatment, treating 57.2% of total waste. MSW composting has seen a decrease in application, only used to treat less than 2.5% of total MSW. Meanwhile, waste to energy in the form of incineration for energy production has developed significantly in the last decade. The percentage of MSW amount treated by incineration is 40.2% from the total amount of treated MSW in 2017, a sharp increase from only 4.9% in 2003, due to China's commitment to WtE. The content of this chapter shall include comprehensive data from government and industry, including plant capacity, quantity, technology, emission, policy and regulation promoting, and guiding WtE in China.

Policy Framework for IDCM

2003 ◽  
pp. 193-216
Author(s):  
Len Asprey ◽  
Michael Middleton
Keyword(s):  
File Systems ◽  
Requirements Analysis ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Requirements Specification ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Policy Document

This chapter deals with the development of a policy framework that enables an enterprise to articulate its policy for managing documents and content, the general principles that support the policy, and the strategies for effective implementation of the policy. The development of a policy framework is not dependent on an investment in IDCM. The policy framework can be developed to apply improved practices for managing documents using existing tools (e.g., network file systems and physical filing systems), although the benefits offered by a managed repository would not be forthcoming. However, the development of an information management policy is a recommended prerequisite to the specification of requirements for an IDCM because of the following: • The policy document typically articulates principles that provide a contextual foundation for the process of requirements analysis and determination and the preparation of a Requirements Specification for an IDCM system. • The policy generally defines strategies that require action plans to be developed and implemented by roles with assigned responsibilities. The requirements analysis and determination tasks associated with IDCM may depend upon the successful conclusion of some strategies and actions. • The policy may reduce the risk of slippage in the project schedule during requirements analysis and determination and during the preparation of the Requirements Specification. We believe that the IDCM policy framework should be developed, communicated, and accepted within the enterprise prior to commencing the Requirements Specification(s), which we will discuss in Chapter 10. We also believe that IDCM policy must be positioned within the overall context of an enterprise’s information policy framework, which we shall discuss later in this chapter. Our objectives in this chapter, therefore, are to express contributing factors to a document policy, and to do this within the broader framework of an enterprise information policy which we see as a desirable authority that frames document policy.

Water governance in the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Alejandro Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Private Equity ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Investors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look at how the topic of water governance in the USA reflects the discussion just prior to the contemporary wave of privatisation that now characterises a large section of water in the country. Design/methodology/approach In addition to select classic articles, the body of literature chosen for review includes studies published between 2000 and 2019, using The PRISMA statement. Studies chosen were published in recognised journals in core disciplines relating to governance, water management, policy and regulation. Findings Private equity firms and water-focused investment funds are significant investors in private companies that operate municipal water works in the USA. This has caused much of the public water infrastructure in the country (and globally) to become privatised and held by international investors as securitised assets. Research limitations/implications There is a need for further primary research to more comprehensively capture what actions the US government are taking to carve out a large policy-making space for themselves in a country that there is not an extensive body of literature on takeover decisions in water governance. Originality/value The confluence of privatisation in water governance within the US government is an area of growing concern to those interested in how water governance systems and protocols shape broader justice and equality developments across the country.

scholarly journals Performance Contracting As a Strategy for Enhanced Employee Commitment: A Case of the Vocational Training Centre Sikri, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Dr. Ambrose Kiplimo Kemboi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Performance Contracting

<p>Literature on the relationship between performance contracting and employee commitment in tertiary special needs institutions in Kenya is dearth. In addition to this, majority of these past researchers who have attempted to investigate these variables have concentrated on performance contracting implementations in state corporations with few studies done on its effectiveness on service delivery in tertiary institutions. This study therefore sought to investigate the link between performance contracting and employee commitment using cross sectional survey research design. Data was mainly collected from primary and secondary sources and was analyzed via SPSS after cleaning and coding. The study found employee commitment to positively affect performance contracting. The study also found a positive relationship between employee commitment, performance contracting (r=0.159), employee productivity (r=0.147) and performance contracting to positively and significantly (p=.000) employee commitment. The study recommends that the institute’s board of governors should develop and put to use an effective performance management policy document that will synchronize performance based system with employee commitments for the overall organizational development.</p>

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

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