The Influence of the UOE-SAWL Forming Process on the Collapse Resistance of Deepwater Linepipe

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano O. Mantovano ◽  
Mohamed R. Chebaro ◽  
Hugo A. Ernst ◽  
Marcos de Souza ◽  
Chris M. Timms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Experimental Chamber ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Expansion Stage ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Impact

The UOE-SAWL pipe manufacturing process introduces considerable plastic deformations and residual stresses to feedstock plate material. Previous experimental and analytical studies have demonstrated that the effects of this process, predominantly in its final expansion stage, significantly reduce the collapse resistance of deepwater linepipe. Finite element analyses, sensitivity analyses and full-scale tests were conducted by Tenaris and C-FER Technologies (C-FER) over the last several years to better comprehend the impact of cold forming on collapse resistance. This paper presents the findings of the latest segment of this ongoing study, the objective of which was to optimize the collapse resistance of UOE-SAWL linepipe by varying three key thermal ageing parameters: time, temperature and number of thermal cycles. Six X70M and four X80M UOE pipe samples were manufactured and thermally treated with varied parameters. Full-scale collapse and buckle propagation tests were then carried out in an experimental chamber that simulates deepwater conditions. These experimental results were evaluated with respect to collapse predictions from API RP 1111 and DNV OS-F101. Material and ring splitting tests were also performed on samples obtained from these pipes to better assess the extent of the UOE pipe collapse resistance recovery. The outcomes of this study will be employed to further optimize the collapse resistance of subsea linepipe in order to reduce material and offshore installation costs.

TurkStream Collapse Test Program

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Timms ◽  
Doug Swanek ◽  
Duane DeGeer ◽  
Arjen Meijer ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Impact

The TurkStream pipeline project is designed to transport approximately 32 billion cubic meters of natural gas annually from Russia to Turkey under the Black Sea, with more than 85% of the deep-water route being deeper than 2000 m. The offshore section is intended to consist of two parallel lines, each approximately 900 km long. The preliminary stages of the front end engineering design (pre-FEED) phase was managed by INTECSEA. To support the analyses and design of the deepest portions, a full scale collapse test program was performed by C-FER Technologies (C-FER). This collapse test program, which included 62 full-scale collapse and pressure+bend tests, 54 medium-scale ring collapse tests, and hundreds of small-scale tests, was primarily aimed at measuring, quantifying and documenting the increase in pipe strength and collapse resistance resulting from the thermal induction heat treatment effect (thermal ageing) that arises during the pipe coating process. Two grades of 32-inch (813 mm) outside diameter (OD) line-pipe, SAWL450 and SAWL485 with wall thicknesses of 39.0 mm or 37.4 mm, respectively, were supplied from various mills for testing. The collapse test program objectives were as follows: • Determine the collapse resistance of line pipes originating from various pipe mills; • Determine the pressure+bend performance of line pipes originating from various pipe mills; • Measure the effect of thermal ageing on material and collapse testing results, including the impact of multiple thermal cycles; and • Evaluate the results of medium-scale ring collapse tests as compared to full-scale tests. This paper presents selected results of this work, along with some comparisons to predictive equations.

The Influence of the UOE Forming Process on Material Properties and Collapse of Deepwater Linepipe

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Timms ◽  
Luciano Mantovano ◽  
Hugo A. Ernst ◽  
Rita Toscano ◽  
Duane DeGeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Pipe Manufacturing

It has been demonstrated in previous work that, for deepwater applications, the cold forming process involved in UOE pipe manufacturing significantly reduces pipe collapse strength. To improve the understanding of these effects, Tenaris has embarked on a program to model the stages of the UOE manufacturing process using finite element methods. Previous phases of this work formulated the basis for model development and described the 2D approach taken to model the various stages of manufacture. More recent developments included some modeling enhancements, sensitivity analyses, and comparison of predictions to the results of full-scale collapse testing performed at C-FER. This work has shown correlations between manufacturing parameters and collapse pressure predictions. The results of the latest phase of the research program are presented in this paper. This work consists of full-scale collapse testing and extensive coupon testing on samples collected from various stages of the UOE pipe manufacturing process including plate, UO, UOE, and thermally-aged UOE. Four UOE pipe samples manufactured with varying forming parameters were provided by Tenaris for this test program along with associated plate and UO samples. Full-scale collapse and buckle propagation tests were conducted on a sample from each of the four UOE pipes including one that was thermally aged. Additional coupon-scale work included measurement of the through-thickness variation of material properties and a thermal ageing study aimed at better understanding UOE pipe strength recovery. The results of these tests will provide the basis for further refinement of the finite element model as the program proceeds into the next phase.

scholarly journals LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS OF IMPACTS ON COARSE SEDIMENT BEACHES

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ian Ball ◽  
Edgar Mendoza-Baldwin ◽  
David Simmonds ◽  
Adrián Pedrozo-Acuña ◽  
Dominic E Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Impact Pressure ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Coarse Sediment ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Events ◽  
Plunging Breaker

In this paper we present laboratory observations of plunging wave breaker impact pressure responses on a steep coarse-grained beach, extending previous work conducted by Pedrozo-Acuña et al. (2008). Scale laboratory measurements of plunging breaker impact events are reported and compared with the previous full-scale tests. These tests extend the previous relationships to a wider range of surf-similarity parameters and indicate a continued reduction in impact pressure as the transition from plunging impacts to surging impacts is approached. Additional results from scale tests conducted on a smooth impermeable slope also indicate the presence of a maximum impact pressure within the plunging breaker region; however also suggest it may be necessary to include roughness and permeability in the parameterization of the impact pressure.

Study on the Formability of the Seam Welded Tube for Manufacturing the Drive Shaft

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 708-712
Author(s):  
Bong Joon Kim ◽  
Eun Soo Park ◽  
Won Yong Byeon ◽  
Dal Joon Cha ◽  
Yong Nam Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Weld Line ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Drive Shaft ◽  
Cold Reduction ◽  
Roll Forming ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Geometrical Defects ◽  
The Impact

In this study, cold reduction process of the tubular metal is applied to manufacture the drive shaft for the rear wheel drive system. With this method during forming process, chip forming such as hobbing and broaching method is not involved. The manufacturing process is as follows; the tube which the sheet is formed and welded to by roll forming machine, is mounted on a suitable mandrel. This mandrel has an external toothing which corresponds to internal toothing of the final product. During axial moving and rotating of the workpiece, forming operation is carried out in lengthwise direction of the toothing. This forming rolls is positioned on the roll head and have a rolling axis vertical with the one of a mandrel. The total forming load needed in the cold reduction process is separated into numerous forming steps along the entire cylindrical length of the zone to be formed. In the process of cold forming on the profiled mandrel during the impact forming operation, material is pushed into depression of toothing of a mandrel mainly in a radial direction. Finally splines can be generated on the surface of components and overall elongated. If the process parameter such as the length of forming per 1rotation of 1roll is not optimized, the impact force from the rolls of the forming process causes geometrical defects. So the optimal parameters such as feeding and rotating speed of workpiece and the forming length should be properly determined. And the effects of the weld line positioning on the formability of the forming process is analyzed to minimize the generation of the defects such as crack on the surface of splined zone.

scholarly journals Effect of Maneuvering on Ice-Induced Loading on Ship Hull: Dedicated Full-Scale Tests in the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Mikko Suominen ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Liangliang Lu ◽  
Pentti Kujala ◽  
Anriëtte Bekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Load Duration ◽  
Ship Control ◽  
Level Ice ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
The Impact

Maneuvers in level ice are common operations for icebreakers and polar supply vessels. Maneuvering exposes the midship and stern area to ice interaction, influencing the magnitude and frequency of ice-induced loading in these areas. However, full-scale measurements do not typically cover the midship and stern areas, as measurements have commonly focused on the bow area. Controlled maneuvering tests were conducted during the ice trials of S.A. Agulhas II in the Baltic Sea. During these tests, ice-induced loading at different hull areas was measured simultaneously with ship control, navigation, and ice condition data. This work studied the effect of maneuvers on the characteristics and statistics of ice-induced loading at different hull areas and compared the impact to ahead operations. The study showed that the maneuvers had minor impact to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of loading at the bow and bow shoulder. On the other hand, maneuvers had a clear effect on the load magnitude and frequency at the stern shoulder. Additionally, a statistical analysis showed that the load magnitude increased as a function of load duration in all hull areas. Furthermore, the analyzed measurement data are presented and made available with the paper.

Effect of Light Poles on Vehicle Impacts with Roadside Barriers

1997 ◽  
Vol 1599 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Light Pole ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests

Light poles installed within the deflection zone of roadside barriers (guardrails) may influence the ability of the guardrail to safely redirect an impacting vehicle. One concern is that, during an impact, the vehicle may pivot about the relatively rigid light pole and then spin away from the guardrail back into the traffic stream in an uncontrolled, unsafe manner. A large percentage of the highway network in Ohio uses the type of guardrail and light pole configurations, in which the breakaway light poles are placed at either 15.2- or 45.7-cm (6- or 18-in.) lateral distance from the back of the guardrail, depending on one of two light pole base designs in use. These pole-guardrail systems were placed in large numbers some years ago and Ohio accident data have been inadequate to provide information to determine whether or not a problem exists with this system. Proposed highway rehabilitation and reconstruction projects can include changes or adjustments to placement of guardrails and light poles, but there was a lack of information as to whether or not the past practices possessed a problem. A study was conducted to determine if light poles have an adverse effect on the redirecting performance of guardrails. It included six full-scale crash tests involving two vehicle weight classes (2000P and 820C), two light pole base designs (AT-A and AT-X), and a typical guardrail used in Ohio [Type 5 (W-Beam)]. All full-scale tests were carried out according to the recommended procedures in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. The actual vehicles used for the 2000P class were half-ton pickup trucks ballasted to simulate the weight and mass characteristics of the 2000P vehicle that is specified in NCHRP Report 350. The guardrail–light pole system was not shown to cause snagging or subsequent unstable motion of the vehicle due to impact. All vehicles exited the guardrail in a stable manner. No change in the arrangement of light poles behind the Type 5 guardrail is contemplated. The redirecting function of the guardrail was not compromised as a result of placement of the light pole behind the length-of-need. Excessive exit angle situations (according to NCHRP Report 350) occurred in three tests involving the simulated 2000P class vehicles. However, the impact conditions employed for these tests were extreme, and the likelihood of this situation occurring under everyday highway usage may be small.

Model 3D Desain Struktur Baja Canai Dingin pada Rumah Sederhana 2 Lantai Berdasarkan SNI 7971-2013. (Hal. 9-17)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahdi Hafizha ◽  
Kamaludin Kamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Models ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Profile Element ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAKIndonesia adalah negara berkembang dengan pertumbuhan pembangunan yang cukup tinggi, sementara luas lahan yang tersedia masih tetap dan terbatas. Akibat dari kondisi tersebut, berdampak pada kebutuhan akan rumah tinggal atau hunian akan semakin tinggi, Rumah sederhana 2 lantai yang layak dan kokoh berbasis ekonomis adalah solusi untuk masyarakat tersebut. Profil baja canai dingin adalah jenis profil baja yang memiliki ketebalan dimensi yang relatif tipis dengan rasio dimensi lebar setiap elemen profil terhadap tebalnya sangat besar, karena ketebalan dimensi profil relatif tipis, maka pembentukan profil dapat dilaksanakan menggunakan proses pembentukan dingin. Maka dari itu adanya model rumah sederhana 3D menggunakan profil baja canai yang praktis dan relatif murah adalah solusi masalah tersebut. Peneliti mengkhususkan mengetahui perbandingan gaya dalam dan rasio yang terjadi  pada model struktur 2D dan 3D. Hasil yang Didapat dari rasio balok yaitu 0,98 dan kolom 0,69.Kata kunci: baja canai, rumah, balok, kolom. ABSTRACTIndonesia is a developing country with relatively high development growth, while the available land area is still limited. As a result of these conditions, the impact on the need for residential or occupancy will be higher, simple and economically viable 2-storey house is a solution for the community. The profile of cold rolled steel is a type of steel profile that has a relatively thin dimensional thickness with the width dimension ratio of each profile element to a very large thickness. Because the profile thickness thickness is relatively thin, the profile formation can be performed using cold forming process. Therefore the existence of a simple 3D home model using a practical and relatively cheap steel roll profile is the solution of the problem. The researcher specializes in knowing the inner force ratio and the ratios that occur in 2D and 3D structural models. The results obtained from beam ratios are 0.98 and 0.69 columns.Keywords: cold formed, house, beams, coloum.

IMPROVING THE PUMPING OF VISCOUS OIL BY THE USE OF DEMULSIFIERS OR BY AN ANNULAR WATER INJECTION

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Georges Peigne ◽  
Maurice Cessou
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Viscous Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuels ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Pumping viscous oil, whether when lightening a disabled vessel or recovering spilled oil, has always been an obstacle to efficient operations aiming to avoid or limit the impact of an oil spill. French authorities have had to deal with this during many oil spills: for example, the Amoco Cadiz, Tanio, or, more recently, the Amazzone incident. For many years, CEDRE and Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP) have been developing and testing various methods of improving the handling of naturally viscous products like heavy fuels or products that have become viscous by the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion. The technique of injecting a ring of water at the periphery of the hoses was studied. After some preliminary tests done by IFP on a laboratory scale, full-scale experiments were conducted by CEDRE using a specially designed injector. This device enabled a large reduction of the pressure drop in the back flow of a volumetric pump moving heavy fuels. The influence of different parameters also was evaluated. Concerning a break-up of “chocolate mousse” emulsions, it was necessary to verify the effectiveness of demulsifiers when applying them in the presence of free water, such as found when actually recovering oil spilled at sea. The influence of different parameters was first studied with a laboratory physical model and then confirmed during full-scale tests.

Assessment of Dents Under High Longitudinal Strain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Brent Ayton ◽  
Mark Stephens ◽  
Steve Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Pipeline construction activities and in-service interference events can frequently result in dents on the pipe. The pipelines can also experience high longitudinal strain in areas of ground movement and seismic activity. Current assessment procedures for dents were developed and validated under the assumption that the predominant loading is internal pressure and that the level of longitudinal strain is low. The behavior of dents under high longitudinal strain is not known. This paper discusses work funded by US DOT PHMSA on the assessment of dents under high longitudinal strain. Parametric numerical analyses were conducted to identify and examine key parameters and mechanisms controlling the compressive strain capacity (CSC) of pipes with dents. Selected full-scale tests were also conducted to experimentally examine the impact of dents on CSC. The focus of this work was on CSC because tensile strain capacity is known not to be significantly affected by the presence of dents. Through the parametric analyses and full-scale validation tests, guidelines on the CSC assessment of dented pipes under high longitudinal strain were developed.

scholarly journals Estimation of fatigue life for clinched joints with the Local Strain Approach incorporating the impact of cold forming to cyclic material properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Boris Spak ◽  
Maximilian Schlicht ◽  
Karina Nowak ◽  
Markus Kästner ◽  
Pascal Froitzheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
The Impact

Joining by forming is a commonly applied technique in the automotive industry to assemble parts of thin metal sheets to meet the demands of lightweight design. The joining operation induces changes in material behaviour due to cold forming, that can be observed in increased hardness in the area close to the joint neck compared to the base material. Complex geometrical features of clinched joints on a small scale and the lack of non-destructive methods to track local stresses and strains require a combined approach utilizing numerical and experimental techniques. Numerical process and loading simulation are performed utilizing commercial finite element software LS-Dyna®. Hardness measurements in the joint are carried out to assess the impact of forming operation. Cyclic material properties are derived from Vickers hardness to estimate fatigue life with the Local Strain Approach using the damage parameter PSWT. Fatigue life estimation with failure criterion crack initiation obtained from simulation results is compared to those from experiments. The results obtained indicate that the Local Strain Approach is suitable for fatigue life estimations of clinched joints under constant amplitude loading as long as the influence of the forming process is considered.

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