Safety of LNG Transportation in Arctic Conditions When Using Systems of Various Types

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery M. Shaposhnikov ◽  
Alexander B. Nesterov ◽  
Anatoly V. Aleksandrov ◽  
Evgeniia G. Vasilik
Keyword(s):  
Outer Shell ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Containment System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Cargo Containers

Possible expansion of the LNG sea transportation region to the Russian Arctic makes topical the issue on feasibility of using various types of cargo containment systems for large ice LNG carriers of higher ice class notations. When analyzing safety of LNG transportation in the Arctic conditions in case of using cargo containment systems of various types, both fatigue issues adjusted for ice effects (this is especially topically for membrane containment systems) and consequences of emergency situations shall be studied. To evaluate fatigue of membrane cargo containment systems, a special finite element analysis was performed; at that ice effects on the hull were considered together with vibration caused by screws and engines for the purpose of determining maximum possible excitations occurring during the ice navigation. Static, dynamic and life tests, that permitted to estimate experimentally the fatigue margin of membrane containment system elements’ attachment to the vessel hull, were conducted as well.. The study results permit to conclude that the fatigue of CCS NO96 membrane cargo containment system is quite sufficient for resisting vibration loads, which occur during 40-year service life of large Arctic LNG carriers in severe ice conditions. Another important aspect of LNG transportation safety in Arctic conditions consists in accidental load problems. The following types of emergency situations were considered: • accident collision of vessels (LNG carrier ramming by another vessel); • landing on rock (bottom collision with rock in sea conditions); • hull side impact against an iceberg fragment during turning. Consequences of vessels’ collision and impacts against an iceberg were evaluated with the use of software LS-DYNA. It was ascertained based on the performed analysis that the feasibility of LNG carriers with membrane containment systems is minimal; the feasibility of LNG carriers with SPB containment systems is slightly higher, and the feasibility of LNG carriers with MOSS containment systems is essentially higher than that of LNG carriers with membrane containment systems. It could be explained physically by the fact that MOSS cargo containers approach the outer shell plating near the centerline plane (for the bottom) and in the compartment middle (for the side and bottom) only; when moving off from the centerline plane and the compartment middle the distance between cargo containers and the outer shell plating essentially grows. Nevertheless, development of large Arctic LNG carriers having sufficient accidental load levels is possible on application of any containment system type.

scholarly journals Ocean-Bottom Seismographs Based on Broadband MET Sensors: Architecture and Deployment Case Study in the Arctic

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3979
Author(s):  
Artem A. Krylov ◽  
Ivan V. Egorov ◽  
Sergey A. Kovachev ◽  
Dmitry A. Ilinskiy ◽  
Oleg Yu. Ganzha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ocean Bottom Seismographs ◽  
The Laptev Sea

The Arctic seas are now of particular interest due to their prospects in terms of hydrocarbon extraction, development of marine transport routes, etc. Thus, various geohazards, including those related to seismicity, require detailed studies, especially by instrumental methods. This paper is devoted to the ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) based on broadband molecular–electronic transfer (MET) sensors and a deployment case study in the Laptev Sea. The purpose of the study is to introduce the architecture of several modifications of OBS and to demonstrate their applicability in solving different tasks in the framework of seismic hazard assessment for the Arctic seas. To do this, we used the first results of several pilot deployments of the OBS developed by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS) and IP Ilyinskiy A.D. in the Laptev Sea that took place in 2018–2020. We highlighted various seismological applications of OBS based on broadband MET sensors CME-4311 (60 s) and CME-4111 (120 s), including the analysis of ambient seismic noise, registering the signals of large remote earthquakes and weak local microearthquakes, and the instrumental approach of the site response assessment. The main characteristics of the broadband MET sensors and OBS architectures turned out to be suitable for obtaining high-quality OBS records under the Arctic conditions to solve seismological problems. In addition, the obtained case study results showed the prospects in a broader context, such as the possible influence of the seismotectonic factor on the bottom-up thawing of subsea permafrost and massive methane release, probably from decaying hydrates and deep geological sources. The described OBS will be actively used in further Arctic expeditions.

scholarly journals Column press design optimization on the basis of stress-strain state’s mathematical modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Karpushkin ◽  
Aleksey Glebov ◽  
Sergey Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Topological Optimization ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Equivalent Stresses ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Expert Analysis

The problem of optimizing the design of vertical column press traverse according to the metal consumption criterion is taken into consideration. As a limitation, the maximum value of equivalent stresses in the volume of the traverse was used. It is shown that the methods of parametric and topological optimization are ineffective for solving the optimization problem. A mathematical model of the stress-strain state of the traverse is proposed, which allows carrying out simulation independently from other elements of the press. The finite element analysis of the existing structure of the traverse revealed the redundancy of the loaded elements amplification, as well as the low manufacturability of the structure. The method of expert analysis was used to find the optimal design. The effect of the thickness of the base of the traverse on the resulting equivalent stresses was studied. A new design of the traverse was proposed on the base of the study results. That design is characterized by low metal capacity and high manufacturability. It is found that the maximum stresses occur in the areas of rapid changes in shape, as well as in the areas of loads.

On the Problems of SLAM Simulation for Mobile Robots in the Arctic Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Elvira Chebotareva ◽  
Tatyana Tsoy ◽  
Bulat Abbyasov ◽  
Jamila Mustafina ◽  
Edgar A. Martinez-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Conditions

scholarly journals Polymer Nanocomposites Exploited Under The Arctic Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Okhlopkova ◽  
L.A. Nikiforov ◽  
T.A. Okhlopkova ◽  
R.V. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

<p>Several technologies of the preparation of nanocomposites based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene were developed. The first technology is based on mechanical activation of layered silicates with surfactant before addition into polymer matrix. The second technology represents mixing of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene with nanoparticles by joint mechanical activation in a planetary mill. The third technology is based on mixing of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene with nanoparticles in liquid media under continuous ultrasonic treatment. Common features of these technologies are reaching of filler uniform distribution in a polymer matrix and significant improvement in the mechanical properties. Also, supramolecular structure of the composites was studied.</p>

scholarly journals Towards an Automatic Ice Navigation Support System in the Arctic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xintao Liu ◽  
Shahram Sattar ◽  
Songnian Li
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Navigation Support ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Ice Navigation ◽  
Navigation Service ◽  
Sea Area

Conventional ice navigation in the sea is manually operated by well-trained navigators, whose experiences are heavily relied upon to guarantee the ship’s safety. Despite the increasingly available ice data and information, little has been done to develop an automatic ice navigation support system to better guide ships in the sea. In this study, using the vector-formatted ice data and navigation codes in northern regions, we calculate ice numeral and divide sea area into two parts: continuous navigable area and the counterpart numerous separate unnavigable area. We generate Voronoi Diagrams for the obstacle areas and build a road network-like graph for connections in the sea. Based on such a network, we design and develop a geographic information system (GIS) package to automatically compute the safest-and-shortest routes for different types of ships between origin and destination (OD) pairs. A visibility tool, Isovist, is also implemented to help automatically identify safe navigable areas in emergency situations. The developed GIS package is shared online as an open source project called NavSpace, available for validation and extension, e.g., indoor navigation service. This work would promote the development of ice navigation support system and potentially enhance the safety of ice navigation in the Arctic sea.

scholarly journals Optimal Ways of Unloading and Loading Operations under Arctic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Marat Eseev ◽  
Dmitry Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Right

Usually, loading and unloading of cargo ships takes place in ports that are equipped with the infrastructure necessary to carry out such operations. In the Arctic, often a helicopter is the only way to get the cargo to the right place. Finding the optimal geographic location for unloading a ship using helicopters is an important task. It is necessary to create a support system for making the right decisions in such situations. Mathematical modeling has been used to find the geographical location that ensures the most favorable and quickest delivery of cargo from a vessel to its destination, using a helicopter. A criterion has also been found in which the search for the optimum point is a more rational way of unloading the vessel compared to other discharge options. The maps of the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations in this model have been developed. Using the example of the developed model, it is shown that during the transportation of goods in Ob Bay, significant economic and temporary advantages can be obtained. The developed model can be extended to the case of cargo delivery not only in the Arctic conditions, but also where the transport infrastructure is insufficiently developed.

Analysis of the development of drifting ice formations impact on marine facilities assessment methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
I. G. Silina ◽  
V. A. Ivanov ◽  
T. G. Ponomareva ◽  
S. V. Yakubovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Methods ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Significant Loading ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Active Exploration ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The high resource potential of the Arctic determines the active exploration and development of these territories, in particular the Arctic continental shelf. The development of offshore fields is directly related to the issues of marine communications construction and operation in freezing waters. They are associated with minimization of environmental risks, reducing the cost of construction work, and ensuring reliable operation of underwater systems. The ice loads, especially, loads from ice gouging are considered one of the most significant loading conditions for such systems. Deformations of the soil around the pipeline during gouging may cause unacceptable deformations as a result of bending, which may lead to emergency situations. The article discusses the main features of ice gouging and the development of research and assessment methods for ice gouging impact on offshore pipelines. The article also provides the analysis of the research methods, their applications and limitations, and points out further research directions.

ESTIMATION OF PECULIARITIES OF TEMPERATURE INVERSION FORMATION IN OPEN MINING IN THE ARCTIC CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
S.G. Gendler ◽  
◽  
I.A. Borisovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Fluent Software

The article presents the results of studies on the study of the effect of temperature in-versions on the efficiency of ventilation of a quarry space. It was found that a negative tem-perature difference leads to cooling of the surface air layers, which can cause the accumula-tion of cooled air masses in the lower part of the open pit and a decrease in the intensity of air exchange. It is shown that the assessment of the peculiarities of the formation of the pa-rameters of the mine atmosphere and the substantiation of the boundaries of the use of natu-ral ventilation of gold-ore quarries, taking into account the steady-state temperature gradi-ent, can be carried out using mathematical modeling based on the Ansys Fluent software package.

Social consequences of climate change in the Arctic towns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Klyuchnikova ◽  
Larisa Riabova ◽  
Vladimir Masloboev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Murmansk Region

&lt;p&gt;Climate change in the Arctic is noticeable and affecting the well-being of the population. The health and emotional state, food and water availability, livelihoods are on the threat. The towns are particularly sensitive to climate change. Their population and infrastructure density is exceptionally high, and temperature fluctuations, as well as extreme weather events, have an exceptionally strong impact on air and water quality, health and other components of human well-being. At the same time, urban communities in the Arctic, especially in industrial development zones, represent a little-studied area in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The report presents the interdisciplinary study results concerning the climate change consequences for the population of Russian Arctic industrial developed areas. The study carried out in Murmansk Region which is a highly industrial and highly urbanized region that is completely included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Qualitative methods were used; in-depth (more than 50 questions) interviews were conducted with residents of several towns in the region. The study showed corresponds between the subjective perceptions of climate change by urban residents of the Murmansk Region with objective data on meteorological parameters changes. The surveyed urban residents feel changes in health and environmental management practices, and many respondents associate these changes with climate fluctuations. Such a phenomenon as the destruction of infrastructure (residential, public and industrial buildings, roads, energy infrastructure) due to climate change has not been identified. Concerns have been raised about the potential impact of climate warming on the ability to have a decent job due to reduced employment in some industries (such as energy).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the social consequences of climate change in the Russian Arctic. This is important for adaptation actions development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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