Analysis of the development of drifting ice formations impact on marine facilities assessment methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
I. G. Silina ◽  
V. A. Ivanov ◽  
T. G. Ponomareva ◽  
S. V. Yakubovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Methods ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Significant Loading ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Active Exploration ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The high resource potential of the Arctic determines the active exploration and development of these territories, in particular the Arctic continental shelf. The development of offshore fields is directly related to the issues of marine communications construction and operation in freezing waters. They are associated with minimization of environmental risks, reducing the cost of construction work, and ensuring reliable operation of underwater systems. The ice loads, especially, loads from ice gouging are considered one of the most significant loading conditions for such systems. Deformations of the soil around the pipeline during gouging may cause unacceptable deformations as a result of bending, which may lead to emergency situations. The article discusses the main features of ice gouging and the development of research and assessment methods for ice gouging impact on offshore pipelines. The article also provides the analysis of the research methods, their applications and limitations, and points out further research directions.

ABOUT NECESSITY OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE BUSINESS PROCESS OF COST ESTIMATE CALCULATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OIL AND GAS FACILITIES

2017 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
R. I. Hamidullin ◽  
L. B. Senkevich
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

A study of the quality of the development of estimate documentation on the cost of construction at all stages of the implementation of large projects in the oil and gas industry is conducted. The main problems that arise in construction organizations are indicated. The analysis of the choice of the perfect methodology of mathematical modeling of the investigated business process for improving the activity of budget calculations, conducting quality assessment of estimates and criteria for automation of design estimates is performed.

This Is an Abridged Account of Delhi Which Is an Old City and One of the Chosen Ones amongst the Cities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Sangin Beg
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Work Spaces ◽  
History Of ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The second part of the translation has three segments. The first is dedicated to the history of Delhi from the time of the Mahabharat to the periods of Anangpal Tomar to the Mughal Emperor Humayun as also Sher Shah, the Afghan ruler. In the second and third segments Mirza Sangin Beg adroitly navigates between twin centres of power in the city. He writes about Qila Mubarak, or the Red Fort, and gives an account of the several buildings inside it and the cost of construction of the same. He ambles into the precincts and mentions the buildings constructed by Shahjahan and other rulers, associating them with some specific inmates of the fort and the functions performed within them. When the author takes a walk in the city of Shahjahanabad, he writes of numerous residents, habitations of rich, poor, and ordinary people, their mansions and localities, general and specialized bazars, the in different skills practised areas, places of worship and revelry, processions exemplifying popular culture and local traditions, and institutions that had a resonance in other cultures. The Berlin manuscript gives generous details of the officials of the English East India Company, both native and foreign, their professions, and work spaces. Mirza Sangin Beg addresses the issue of qaum most unselfconsciously and amorphously.

Utilization of Dacite as Alternative Aggregate in Asphalt Mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Shao Peng Wu ◽  
Pan Pan ◽  
Ming Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

With the widespread application of asphalt mixture, current demand from transportation managers for construction and maintenance of their pavement network consumes large numbers of aggregates. If agencies excessively favor to some certain kinds of excellent aggregates, the cost of construction could be considerably expensive. The major objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of utilizing dacite in asphalt mixtures. By means of Marshall, freeze-thaw, rutting and three-point bending tests, the performances of dacite and basalt asphalt mixture are compared. The results of the testing illustrate that dacite asphalt mixture is more susceptible to gradation and asphalt content than basalt asphalt mixture. Meanwhile it is showed that the performances of dacite asphalt mixture can be improved greatly with the involvement of additives including active mineral powder and cement. Furthermore, it is validated that dacite can be used as alternative aggregate in asphalt mixture.

Advanced Weathervaning in Ice

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hidding ◽  
Guillaume Bonnaffoux ◽  
Mamoun Naciri
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
Level Ice ◽  
Drift Direction

The reported presence of one third of remaining fossil reserves in the Arctic has sparked a lot of interest from energy companies. This has raised the necessity of developing specific engineering tools to design safely and accurately arctic-compliant offshore structures. The mooring system design of a turret-moored vessel in ice-infested waters is a clear example of such a key engineering tool. In the arctic region, a turret-moored vessel shall be designed to face many ice features: level ice, ice ridges or even icebergs. Regarding specifically level ice, a turret-moored vessel will tend to align her heading (to weather vane) with the ice sheet drift direction in order to decrease the mooring loads applied by this ice sheet. For a vessel already embedded in an ice sheet, a rapid change in the ice drift direction will suddenly increase the ice loads before the weathervaning occurs. This sudden increase in mooring loads may be a governing event for the turret-mooring system and should therefore be understood and simulated properly to ensure a safe design. The paper presents ADWICE (Advanced Weathervaning in ICE), an engineering tool dedicated to the calculation of the weathervaning of ship-shaped vessels in level ice. In ADWICE, the ice load formulation relies on the Croasdale model. Ice loads are calculated and applied to the vessel quasi-statically at each time step. The software also updates the hull waterline contour at each time step in order to calculate precisely the locations of contact between the hull and the ice sheet. Model tests of a turret-moored vessel have been performed in an ice basin. Validation of the simulated response is performed by comparison with model tests results in terms of weathervaning time, maximum mooring loads, and vessel motions.

Parameter Sensitivity in Numerical Modelling of Ice-Structure Interaction With Cohesive Element Method

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianshi Feng ◽  
Sze Dai Pang ◽  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Element Model ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Parameter Sensitivity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cohesive Element ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Marine Structure ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Element Method

The increasing marine activities in the Arctic has resulted in a growing demand for reliable structural designs in this region. Ice loads are a major concern to the designer of a marine structure in the arctic, and are often the principal factor that governs the structural design [Palmer and Croasdale, 2013]. With the rapid advancement in computational power, numerical method is becoming a useful tool for design of offshore structures subjected to ice actions. Cohesive element method (CEM), a method which has been widely utilized to simulate fracture in various materials ranging from metals to ceramics and composites as well as bi-material systems, has been recently applied to predict ice-structure interactions. Although it shows promising future for further applications, there are also some challenging issues like high mesh dependency, large variation in cohesive properties etc., yet to be resolved. In this study, a 3D finite element model with the use of CEM was developed in LS-DYNA for simulating ice-structure interaction. The stability of the model was investigated and a parameter sensitivity analysis was carried out for a better understanding of how each material parameter affects the simulation results.

scholarly journals Problem Faced by Precast Industry to Implement in Residential Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2394-2396
Keyword(s):  
Residential Construction ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The Precast industry is booming industry now a day, but then also the implementation ratio of precast member in residential construction work is not up to the mark. As we all know that precast having numerous advantages over the cast in situ construction method, for example it saves the total time of construction which indirectly reduces the cost of construction but still we are lagging behind in implementation of precast in it. In this research we have listed out some problem which can be cause of less implementation of precast in residential construction buildings. As discussed in paper, there are so many factors are affected on Implementation of Precast in Residential Construction Sector For example: Technical Issues and General Issues. In Technical Issues Joint stability problem during Erection, Standard size of precast element, Leakage Issues, Design change related problem, Requirement of Standard Rate per Panel, End user Profit, Additional Taxes, General Issues are: Transportation of Precast Element, Loading and Unloading problems, Transportation to sight, Storage Area, Skilled Labour Research has done and data is collected through Questionery survey, Field survey, and research survey.

scholarly journals Effect of a dual tire pressure on the design parameters of thick asphalt pavements using finite element freeware

DYNA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (196) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Myriam Rocío Pallares Muñoz ◽  
Julián Andrés Pulecio-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

<p>The effect of a dual tire pressure on the design parameters of thick asphalt pavements using finite element freeware EverStressFE©1.0 is evaluated. This is trying to represent more adjusted the footprint shape and intensity of stress generated by the tires of vehicles. To validate the elastic multilayer EverStress©5.0 software was used. The results of the deformations can be concluded that the asphalt pavement designs made with analytical methods may be slightly oversized and consequently increase the cost of construction of pavements. This study marks a route to analyze the sensitivity of various factors that may affect the design of asphalt pavements. Future research is expected to integrate dynamic conditions by introducing results of field tests to full scale.</p>

scholarly journals Towards an Automatic Ice Navigation Support System in the Arctic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xintao Liu ◽  
Shahram Sattar ◽  
Songnian Li
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Navigation Support ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Ice Navigation ◽  
Navigation Service ◽  
Sea Area

Conventional ice navigation in the sea is manually operated by well-trained navigators, whose experiences are heavily relied upon to guarantee the ship’s safety. Despite the increasingly available ice data and information, little has been done to develop an automatic ice navigation support system to better guide ships in the sea. In this study, using the vector-formatted ice data and navigation codes in northern regions, we calculate ice numeral and divide sea area into two parts: continuous navigable area and the counterpart numerous separate unnavigable area. We generate Voronoi Diagrams for the obstacle areas and build a road network-like graph for connections in the sea. Based on such a network, we design and develop a geographic information system (GIS) package to automatically compute the safest-and-shortest routes for different types of ships between origin and destination (OD) pairs. A visibility tool, Isovist, is also implemented to help automatically identify safe navigable areas in emergency situations. The developed GIS package is shared online as an open source project called NavSpace, available for validation and extension, e.g., indoor navigation service. This work would promote the development of ice navigation support system and potentially enhance the safety of ice navigation in the Arctic sea.

scholarly journals Benefits of venom immunotherapy: How soon can they be expected

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Sasa Kadivec ◽  
Mitja Kosnik
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Venom Immunotherapy ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Sting Reaction ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Patients Experience

Introduction/Objective. Allergic reactions to insect stings are medical emergencies that could be prevented by venom immunotherapy (VIT). The main purpose of VIT is to prevent fatal or life-threatening reactions. We aimed to show the rapidity with which patients experience the benefits of VIT and estimate the number of emergency treatments that are prevented. Methods. We reviewed the medical files of patients who started VIT between 2010 and 2014. We calculated the costs of treatment of the sting reactions, the costs of immunotherapy, and estimated the costs of prevented allergic reactions. Results. In a cohort of 514 patients (40.9% female, age 47.2 ? 14.4 years), the cost of treatment of the index sting reaction was 180.4 ? 166.8 euros. During VIT, 195 patients experienced 446 field stings. In 86.3% of patients, stings were well tolerated, and only one patient experienced a severe reaction (grade III, according to Mueller). A total of 20.4% of VIT treated patients were stung during the first year of VIT and 57% during five years of VIT. The expenditure for five years of VIT was 2,886 euros per patient, which corresponded to an average of 16 emergency treatments for systemic reactions. Conclusion. Emergency situations are prevented in a substantial number of venom-allergic patients and a beneficial effect was already observed during the first year of VIT.

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