On the Problems of SLAM Simulation for Mobile Robots in the Arctic Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Elvira Chebotareva ◽  
Tatyana Tsoy ◽  
Bulat Abbyasov ◽  
Jamila Mustafina ◽  
Edgar A. Martinez-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Conditions

scholarly journals Polymer Nanocomposites Exploited Under The Arctic Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Okhlopkova ◽  
L.A. Nikiforov ◽  
T.A. Okhlopkova ◽  
R.V. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

<p>Several technologies of the preparation of nanocomposites based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene were developed. The first technology is based on mechanical activation of layered silicates with surfactant before addition into polymer matrix. The second technology represents mixing of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene with nanoparticles by joint mechanical activation in a planetary mill. The third technology is based on mixing of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene with nanoparticles in liquid media under continuous ultrasonic treatment. Common features of these technologies are reaching of filler uniform distribution in a polymer matrix and significant improvement in the mechanical properties. Also, supramolecular structure of the composites was studied.</p>

scholarly journals Optimal Ways of Unloading and Loading Operations under Arctic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Marat Eseev ◽  
Dmitry Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Right

Usually, loading and unloading of cargo ships takes place in ports that are equipped with the infrastructure necessary to carry out such operations. In the Arctic, often a helicopter is the only way to get the cargo to the right place. Finding the optimal geographic location for unloading a ship using helicopters is an important task. It is necessary to create a support system for making the right decisions in such situations. Mathematical modeling has been used to find the geographical location that ensures the most favorable and quickest delivery of cargo from a vessel to its destination, using a helicopter. A criterion has also been found in which the search for the optimum point is a more rational way of unloading the vessel compared to other discharge options. The maps of the economic benefits of loading and unloading operations in this model have been developed. Using the example of the developed model, it is shown that during the transportation of goods in Ob Bay, significant economic and temporary advantages can be obtained. The developed model can be extended to the case of cargo delivery not only in the Arctic conditions, but also where the transport infrastructure is insufficiently developed.

ESTIMATION OF PECULIARITIES OF TEMPERATURE INVERSION FORMATION IN OPEN MINING IN THE ARCTIC CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
S.G. Gendler ◽  
◽  
I.A. Borisovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Fluent Software

The article presents the results of studies on the study of the effect of temperature in-versions on the efficiency of ventilation of a quarry space. It was found that a negative tem-perature difference leads to cooling of the surface air layers, which can cause the accumula-tion of cooled air masses in the lower part of the open pit and a decrease in the intensity of air exchange. It is shown that the assessment of the peculiarities of the formation of the pa-rameters of the mine atmosphere and the substantiation of the boundaries of the use of natu-ral ventilation of gold-ore quarries, taking into account the steady-state temperature gradi-ent, can be carried out using mathematical modeling based on the Ansys Fluent software package.

Promising use of high-strength nitrogen steel for the ice belt of marine machinery operating in the extreme arctic conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
A. A. Deev ◽  
G. Yu. Kalinin ◽  
K. E. Sadkin
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Clad Steel

This article shows the possibility of using high-strength nitrogen-containing corrosion-resistant steel grade 04Kh20N6G11M2AFB for the construction of critical elements and units of marine equipment operating at low temperatures, including the Arctic. The advantages of nitrogen-containing steel over clad steel AB2 + 08Kh18N10T always used in shipbuilding and welded steel of F500W category are considered. According to the assessment of testing of homogeneous nitrogen steel sheets, the level of its physical and mechanical properties exceeds the analogous parameters of traditional AB2 + 08Kh18N10T steels in a wide temperature range, up to –90°C.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of macroalgae along the shores of Kongsfjorden (West Spitsbergen) using acoustic imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kruss ◽  
Jarosław Tęgowski ◽  
Agnieszka Tatarek ◽  
Józef Wiktor ◽  
Philippe Blondel
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Acoustic Imaging ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Biological Sampling ◽  
West Spitsbergen

Abstract The identification of macroalgal beds is a crucial component for the description of fjord ecosystems. Direct, biological sampling is still the most popular investigation technique but acoustic methods are becoming increasingly recognized as a very efficient tool for the assessment of benthic communities. In 2007 we carried out the first acoustic survey of the littoral areas in Kongsfjorden. A 2.68 km2 area comprised within a 12.40 km2 euphotic zone was mapped along the fjord’s coast using single- and multi-beam echosounders. The singlebeam echosounder (SBES) proved to be a very efficient and reliable tool for macroalgae detection in Arctic conditions. The multibeam echosounder (MBES) was very useful in extending the SBES survey range, even though it’s ability in discriminating benthic communities was limited. The final result of our investigation is a map of the macroalgae distribution around the fjord, showing 39% macroalgae coverage (1.09 km2) of investigated area between isobaths -0.70 m and -30 m. Zonation analysis showed that most of the studied macroalgae areas occur up to 15 m depth (93%). These results were confirmed by biological sampling and observation in key areas. The potential of acoustic imaging of macrophytes, and a proposed methodology for the processing of acoustic data, are presented in this paper along with preliminary studies on the acoustic reflectivity of macroalgae, also highlighting differences among species. These results can be applied to future monitoring of the evolution of kelp beds in different areas of the Arctic, and in the rest of the world.

scholarly journals Palaeo-oceanographic development and human adaptive strategies in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition: A study from the Norwegian coast

The Holocene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1478-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Mjelva Breivik
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Norwegian Coast ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Marine Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The human colonization of Norway occurred in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition – one of the most abrupt and severe climatic shifts in human history. For 1500 years (9500–8000 bc), the whole coast was occupied by mobile, marine-oriented hunter-gatherers. This paper explores dynamic relations between human adaptation and marine environmental variations in this period. An updated record of archaeological sites and palaeo-oceanographic data suggests a correlation between marine productivity and site distribution and density. The data further demonstrate spatial and temporal differences in the environment. A cooling pulse at 9300–9200 bc (the Preboreal Oscillation) with widespread ecological consequences must have been noticeable to humans occupying Norwegian landscapes. A more gradual shift occurred around 8800 bc when the arctic climate gave way to warmer conditions: The Norwegian Atlantic current stabilized, all fjord systems became ice-free, and animal diversity increased. In the northernmost region, the impact of Atlantic water was less severe, and Polar conditions with more sea ice seem to have lingered throughout the period. Variations in the site pattern may be related to these fluctuations in the resource situation. Variations in the lithic industry, on the other hand, seem to be connected to technological choices or local traditions, rather than environmental dissimilarities. The archaeological record indicates that the lifestyle, which developed under arctic conditions, was maintained through a flexible mobility pattern and a versatile tool technology, but the Norwegian coast also provided a good base to uphold such a lifestyle.

The bird ectoparasite Dermanyssus hirundinis (Acari, Mesostigmata) in the High Arctic; a new parasitic mite to Spitsbergen, Svalbard

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Gwiazdowicz ◽  
Stephen Coulson ◽  
John-Arvid Grytnes ◽  
Hanne Pilskog
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Gamasid Mite ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Parasitic Mite ◽  
Plectrophenax Nivalis ◽  
Previous Summer

AbstractEctoparasites are common on birds and in their nests. Amongst these parasites are diverse gamasid mite species that can lead to irritation, disease transmission and blood loss. Few studies of the ectoparasites of birds breeding in the High Arctic exist. The parasitic mite, Dermanyssus hirundinis, was found in nests of snow buntings Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis, both natural nests and within nesting boxes, on Spitsbergen. Densities per nest varied from sporadic to greater than 26,000 individuals. This is the northernmost observation of this parasite. The mite was present in new nests, nests constructed the previous year and nests not utilized the previous summer. The parasite survives at least 18 months without access to a blood meal and can tolerate the Arctic winter, surviving temperatures below −20°C. D. hirundinis is hence well adapted to arctic conditions. Only females were observed suggesting that this population is facultatively parthenogenetic.

Safety of LNG Transportation in Arctic Conditions When Using Systems of Various Types

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery M. Shaposhnikov ◽  
Alexander B. Nesterov ◽  
Anatoly V. Aleksandrov ◽  
Evgeniia G. Vasilik
Keyword(s):  
Outer Shell ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Containment System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Cargo Containers

Possible expansion of the LNG sea transportation region to the Russian Arctic makes topical the issue on feasibility of using various types of cargo containment systems for large ice LNG carriers of higher ice class notations. When analyzing safety of LNG transportation in the Arctic conditions in case of using cargo containment systems of various types, both fatigue issues adjusted for ice effects (this is especially topically for membrane containment systems) and consequences of emergency situations shall be studied. To evaluate fatigue of membrane cargo containment systems, a special finite element analysis was performed; at that ice effects on the hull were considered together with vibration caused by screws and engines for the purpose of determining maximum possible excitations occurring during the ice navigation. Static, dynamic and life tests, that permitted to estimate experimentally the fatigue margin of membrane containment system elements’ attachment to the vessel hull, were conducted as well.. The study results permit to conclude that the fatigue of CCS NO96 membrane cargo containment system is quite sufficient for resisting vibration loads, which occur during 40-year service life of large Arctic LNG carriers in severe ice conditions. Another important aspect of LNG transportation safety in Arctic conditions consists in accidental load problems. The following types of emergency situations were considered: • accident collision of vessels (LNG carrier ramming by another vessel); • landing on rock (bottom collision with rock in sea conditions); • hull side impact against an iceberg fragment during turning. Consequences of vessels’ collision and impacts against an iceberg were evaluated with the use of software LS-DYNA. It was ascertained based on the performed analysis that the feasibility of LNG carriers with membrane containment systems is minimal; the feasibility of LNG carriers with SPB containment systems is slightly higher, and the feasibility of LNG carriers with MOSS containment systems is essentially higher than that of LNG carriers with membrane containment systems. It could be explained physically by the fact that MOSS cargo containers approach the outer shell plating near the centerline plane (for the bottom) and in the compartment middle (for the side and bottom) only; when moving off from the centerline plane and the compartment middle the distance between cargo containers and the outer shell plating essentially grows. Nevertheless, development of large Arctic LNG carriers having sufficient accidental load levels is possible on application of any containment system type.

In Situ Oil Spill Countermeasures in Ice-Infested Waters: A Modeling Study of the Fate/Behaviours of Spilled Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1215-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Niu ◽  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Michel C. Boufadel ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Brian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oil Transport ◽  
Habitat Recovery ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The expansion of offshore oil and gas and marine transport activities in the Arctic have raised the level of risk for an oil spill to occur in the Arctic region. Existing technologies for oil spill cleanup in ice-covered conditions are limited and there is a need for improved oil spill countermeasures for use under Arctic conditions. A recent field study has assessed a proposed oil spill response technique in ice-infested waters based on the application of fine minerals in a slurry with mixing by propeller-wash to promote the formation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMA). While it was verified in the experimental study that the dispersion was enhanced and mineral fine additions promoted habitat recovery by enhancing both the rate and extent of oil biodegradation, limited monitoring data provide little insights on the fate of dispersed oil after the response. To help understand the oil transport process following mineral treatment in ice-covered conditions, mathematical modeling was used in this study to simulate the transport of OMA and calculate the mass balances of the spilled oil. To study the effects of ice and minerals on the fate and transport, the result was compared with scenarios without ice and without the addition of mineral fines. The results show general agreement between the modeling results and field observations, and further confirm the effectiveness and potential for using mineral treatment as a new oil spill counter-measure technology. This technique offers several operational advantages for use under Arctic conditions, including reduced number of personnel required for its application, lack of need for waste disposal sites, and cost effectiveness.

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