Gun Barrel Refurbishing Using a Shrink-Fitted Autofrettaged Liner

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Perry ◽  
M. Perl
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Method ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Original Performance ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Shrink Fit

During the firing of guns, the barrel undergoes two major damaging processes: wear of its inner surface, and internal cracking. Barrel’s are condemned based either on the increase of their internal diameter due to wear, or the severity of their internal cracking. The cost of replacing such a damaged gun barrel runs in the tenth of thousand of US$. Therefore, cost effective methods are sought for restoring such gun barrels. In the present analysis a new method is proposed for refurbishing vintage gun barrels by machining their inner damaged layer and replacing it by an intact, autofrettaged, shrink-fit liner that will restore the barrel to its original performance. The preliminary results demonstrate the ability of this process to mend such barrels, bringing them back to their initial Safe Maximum Pressure (SMP) and their intact conditions, rather than condemning them. Furthermore, such an alternative seems to be cost effective.

Gun Barrel Refurbishing Using a Shrink-Fitted Autofrettaged Liner

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Perry ◽  
M. Perl
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Original Performance ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Von Mises Stresses ◽  
The Cost

During the firing of guns, the barrel undergoes two major damaging processes: wear of its inner surface and internal cracking. Barrel's are condemned based on either the increase of their internal diameter due to wear or the severity of their internal cracking. The cost of replacing such a damaged gun barrel runs in the tenth of thousands of U.S.$. Therefore, cost effective methods are sought for restoring such gun barrels. In the present analysis, a new method is proposed for refurbishing vintage gun barrels by machining their inner damaged layer and replacing it by an intact, autofrettaged, shrink-fit liner that will restore the barrel to its original performance. The design of the shrink-fitted liner is based on two design principles. First, the von-Mises residual stress distribution through the thickness of the barrel at each of its cross sections along the inserted liner should be at least equal in magnitude to von Mises stress, which prevailed in the original barrel. Second, once the maximum pressure is applied to the compound barrel, the von-Mises stresses at the inner surfaces of the liner machined barrel should be equal to their respective yield stresses. The preliminary results demonstrate the ability of this process to mend such barrels and bringing them back to their initial safe maximum pressure (SMP) and their intact conditions, rather than condemn them. Furthermore, from the authors' experience, based on a preliminary rough estimate, such an alternative seems to be cost effective.

scholarly journals Economic consequences to society of pandemic H1N1 influenza 2009 – preliminary results for Sweden

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Brouwers ◽  
B Cakici ◽  
M Camitz ◽  
A Tegnell ◽  
M Boman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Swedish Society ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Death Cases

Experiments using a microsimulation platform show that vaccination against pandemic H1N1 influenza is highly cost-effective. Swedish society may reduce the costs of pandemic by about SEK 2.5 billion (approximately EUR 250 million) if at least 60 per cent of the population is vaccinated, even if costs related to death cases are excluded. The cost reduction primarily results from reduced absenteeism. These results are preliminary and based on comprehensive assumptions about the infectiousness and morbidity of the pandemic, which are uncertain in the current situation.

scholarly journals Lateral Formwork Pressure for Self-Compacting Concrete—A Review of Prediction Models and Monitoring Technologies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4767
Author(s):  
Yaser Gamil ◽  
Jonny Nilimaa ◽  
Mats Emborg ◽  
Andrzej Cwirzen
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Formwork Pressure

The maximum amount of lateral formwork pressure exerted by self-compacting concrete is essential to design a technically correct, cost-effective, safe, and robust formwork. A common practice of designing formwork is primarily based on using the hydrostatic pressure. However, several studies have proven that the maximum pressure is lower, thus potentially enabling a reduction in the cost of formwork by, for example, optimizing the casting rate. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding formwork pressure, parameters affecting the maximum pressure, prediction models, monitoring technologies and test setups. The currently used pressure predicting models require further improvement to consider several pressures influencing parameters, including parameters related to fresh and mature material properties, mix design and casting methods. This study found that the maximum pressure is significantly affected by the concretes’ structural build-up at rest, which depends on concrete rheology, temperature, hydration rate and setting time. The review indicates a need for more in-depth studies.

Enbridge Cost and Schedule Contingency Assessments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Schoenhardt ◽  
Vachel Pardais ◽  
Cheryl Fortin ◽  
Brent Kitson ◽  
Jay Hanzel
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Cost Estimate ◽  
New Method ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
The Cost

All capital projects have an element of risk and uncertainty. In today’s business environment this requires more than just simply adding 10 percent contingency to the cost estimate to cover off project unknowns. Before sanctioning a project for hundreds of millions of dollars, Board of Directors need to know what possible cost and schedule outcomes exist in order to safe-guard shareholders’ investments. Contingency assessments must be: • Risk-based • Project Specific • Repeatable • Defendable • Cost effective Six years ago, Enbridge grappled with these issues and realized it needed to adopt a new method of assessing both cost and schedule contingencies. After evaluating options, Enbridge set upon developing an in-house parametric modeling solution for its contingency assessment needs. This paper will: • Identify various options for assessing contingency • Review the Enbridge process • Demonstrate the value of a simplified risk register • Identify required data inputs • Illustrate calibration and accuracy of assessments • Discuss business advantages of parametric modelling

Improving Cost Effectiveness in an Existing Product Line Using Component Product Platforms

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Farrell ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Product Line ◽  
New Method ◽  
Product Platform ◽  
Abc Model ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Product Platforms ◽  
Volume Product ◽  
The Cost

Previously, we introduced a new method for improving commonality in a highly customized, low volume product line using component product platforms. The method provides a bottom-up platform approach to redesign family members originally developed one-at-a-time to meet specific customer requirements. In this paper, we extend the method with an Activity-Based Costing (ABC) model to specifically capture the manufacturing costs in the product line, including the cost associated with implementing a platform strategy. The valve yoke example is revisited in this paper, the customized ABC model is defined, two design strategy alternatives are addressed, and the new method is used to determine which alternative is better at resolving the tradeoff between commonality, total cost, and product performance. The proposed method shows promise for creating a product platform portfolio from a set of candidate component platforms that is most cost-effective within an existing product line. The proposed method allows for arbitrary leveraging as it does not rely solely on the traditional vertical, horizontal, or beachhead strategies advocated for the market segmentation grid, and this is especially beneficial when applied to an existing product line that was develop one-at-a-time time such that artifact designs are inconsistent from one to another.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

A Digital Economy Model for Talent Prediction Data Analytic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Haru Purnomo Ipung ◽  
Amin Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Analytic

This research proposed a model to assist the design of the associated data architecture and data analytic to support talent forecast in the current accelerating changes in economy, industry and business change due to the accelerating pace of technological change. The emerging and re-emerging economy model were available, such as Industrial revolution 4.0, platform economy, sharing economy and token economy. Those were driven by new business model and technology innovation. An increase capability of technology to automate more jobs will cause a shift in talent pool and workforce. New business model emerge as the availabilityand the cost effective emerging technology, and as a result of emerging or re-emerging economic models. Both, new business model and technology innovation, create new jobs and works that have not been existed decades ago. The future workers will be faced by jobs that may not exist today. A dynamics model of inter-correlation of economy, industry, business model and talent forecast were proposed. A collection of literature review were conducted to initially validate the model.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Production of Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Groundnut Shell as Filler Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Solomon ◽  
M. T. Lilly ◽  
J. I. Sodiki
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
The Cost

The development and evaluation of brake pads using groundnut shell (GS) particles as substitute material for asbestos were carried out in this study. This was with a view to harnessing the properties of GS, which is largely deposited as waste, and in replacing asbestos which is carcinogenic in nature despite its good tribological and mechanical properties. Two sets of composite material were developed using varying particle sizes of GS as filler material, with phenolic resin as binder with percentage compositions of 45% and 50% respectively. Results obtained indicate that the compressive strength and density increase as the sieve size of the filler material decreases, while water and oil absorption rates increase with an increase in sieve size of GS particle. This study also indicates that the cost of producing brake pad can be reduced by 19.14 percent if GS is use as filler material in producing brake pad. The results when compared with those of asbestos and industrial waste showed that GS particle can be used as an effective replacement for asbestos in producing automobile brake pad. Unlike asbestos, GS-based brake pads are environmental friendly, biodegradable and cost effective.

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