scholarly journals Lateral Formwork Pressure for Self-Compacting Concrete—A Review of Prediction Models and Monitoring Technologies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4767
Author(s):  
Yaser Gamil ◽  
Jonny Nilimaa ◽  
Mats Emborg ◽  
Andrzej Cwirzen
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Formwork Pressure

The maximum amount of lateral formwork pressure exerted by self-compacting concrete is essential to design a technically correct, cost-effective, safe, and robust formwork. A common practice of designing formwork is primarily based on using the hydrostatic pressure. However, several studies have proven that the maximum pressure is lower, thus potentially enabling a reduction in the cost of formwork by, for example, optimizing the casting rate. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding formwork pressure, parameters affecting the maximum pressure, prediction models, monitoring technologies and test setups. The currently used pressure predicting models require further improvement to consider several pressures influencing parameters, including parameters related to fresh and mature material properties, mix design and casting methods. This study found that the maximum pressure is significantly affected by the concretes’ structural build-up at rest, which depends on concrete rheology, temperature, hydration rate and setting time. The review indicates a need for more in-depth studies.

Gun Barrel Refurbishing Using a Shrink-Fitted Autofrettaged Liner

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Perry ◽  
M. Perl
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Original Performance ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Von Mises Stresses ◽  
The Cost

During the firing of guns, the barrel undergoes two major damaging processes: wear of its inner surface and internal cracking. Barrel's are condemned based on either the increase of their internal diameter due to wear or the severity of their internal cracking. The cost of replacing such a damaged gun barrel runs in the tenth of thousands of U.S.$. Therefore, cost effective methods are sought for restoring such gun barrels. In the present analysis, a new method is proposed for refurbishing vintage gun barrels by machining their inner damaged layer and replacing it by an intact, autofrettaged, shrink-fit liner that will restore the barrel to its original performance. The design of the shrink-fitted liner is based on two design principles. First, the von-Mises residual stress distribution through the thickness of the barrel at each of its cross sections along the inserted liner should be at least equal in magnitude to von Mises stress, which prevailed in the original barrel. Second, once the maximum pressure is applied to the compound barrel, the von-Mises stresses at the inner surfaces of the liner machined barrel should be equal to their respective yield stresses. The preliminary results demonstrate the ability of this process to mend such barrels and bringing them back to their initial safe maximum pressure (SMP) and their intact conditions, rather than condemn them. Furthermore, from the authors' experience, based on a preliminary rough estimate, such an alternative seems to be cost effective.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness evidence for strategies to promote or support breastfeeding: a systematic search and narrative literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Camacho ◽  
Hannah Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Breastfeeding Promotion ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Global health policy recommends exclusive breastfeeding until infants are 6 months. Little is known about the cost-effectiveness of breastfeeding promotion strategies. This paper presents a systematic search and narrative review of economic evaluations of strategies to support or promote breastfeeding. The aim of the review is to bring together current knowledge to guide researchers and commissioners towards potentially cost-effective strategies to promote or support breastfeeding. Methods Searches were conducted of electronic databases, including MEDLINE and Scopus, for economic evaluations relevant to breastfeeding, published up to August 2019. Records were screened against pre-specified inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality was assessed using a published checklist. Costs reported in included studies underwent currency conversion and inflation to a single year and currency so that they could be compared. The review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO register of literature reviews (ID, CRD42019141721). Results There were 212 non-duplicate citations. Four were included in the review, which generally indicated that interventions were cost-effective. Two studies reported that breastfeeding promotion for low-birth weight babies in critical care is associated with lower costs and greater health benefits than usual care and so is likely to be cost-effective. Peer-support for breastfeeding was associated with longer duration of exclusivity with costs ranging from £19–£107 per additional month (two studies). Conclusions There is limited published evidence on the cost-effectiveness of strategies to promote breastfeeding, although the quality of the current evidence is reasonably high. Future studies should integrate evaluations of the effectiveness of strategies with economic analyses.

Gun Barrel Refurbishing Using a Shrink-Fitted Autofrettaged Liner

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Perry ◽  
M. Perl
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Method ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Original Performance ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Shrink Fit

During the firing of guns, the barrel undergoes two major damaging processes: wear of its inner surface, and internal cracking. Barrel’s are condemned based either on the increase of their internal diameter due to wear, or the severity of their internal cracking. The cost of replacing such a damaged gun barrel runs in the tenth of thousand of US$. Therefore, cost effective methods are sought for restoring such gun barrels. In the present analysis a new method is proposed for refurbishing vintage gun barrels by machining their inner damaged layer and replacing it by an intact, autofrettaged, shrink-fit liner that will restore the barrel to its original performance. The preliminary results demonstrate the ability of this process to mend such barrels, bringing them back to their initial Safe Maximum Pressure (SMP) and their intact conditions, rather than condemning them. Furthermore, such an alternative seems to be cost effective.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

A Digital Economy Model for Talent Prediction Data Analytic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Haru Purnomo Ipung ◽  
Amin Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Analytic

This research proposed a model to assist the design of the associated data architecture and data analytic to support talent forecast in the current accelerating changes in economy, industry and business change due to the accelerating pace of technological change. The emerging and re-emerging economy model were available, such as Industrial revolution 4.0, platform economy, sharing economy and token economy. Those were driven by new business model and technology innovation. An increase capability of technology to automate more jobs will cause a shift in talent pool and workforce. New business model emerge as the availabilityand the cost effective emerging technology, and as a result of emerging or re-emerging economic models. Both, new business model and technology innovation, create new jobs and works that have not been existed decades ago. The future workers will be faced by jobs that may not exist today. A dynamics model of inter-correlation of economy, industry, business model and talent forecast were proposed. A collection of literature review were conducted to initially validate the model.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Production of Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Groundnut Shell as Filler Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Solomon ◽  
M. T. Lilly ◽  
J. I. Sodiki
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
The Cost

The development and evaluation of brake pads using groundnut shell (GS) particles as substitute material for asbestos were carried out in this study. This was with a view to harnessing the properties of GS, which is largely deposited as waste, and in replacing asbestos which is carcinogenic in nature despite its good tribological and mechanical properties. Two sets of composite material were developed using varying particle sizes of GS as filler material, with phenolic resin as binder with percentage compositions of 45% and 50% respectively. Results obtained indicate that the compressive strength and density increase as the sieve size of the filler material decreases, while water and oil absorption rates increase with an increase in sieve size of GS particle. This study also indicates that the cost of producing brake pad can be reduced by 19.14 percent if GS is use as filler material in producing brake pad. The results when compared with those of asbestos and industrial waste showed that GS particle can be used as an effective replacement for asbestos in producing automobile brake pad. Unlike asbestos, GS-based brake pads are environmental friendly, biodegradable and cost effective.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

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