Thermal Treatment Effects on a PLLA Bioresorbable Stent

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tre Welch ◽  
Robert C. Eberhart ◽  
Cheng-Jen Chuong
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Vulnerable Plaque ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endothelial Lining ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Bioresorbable Stent ◽  
Shed Light

Stent navigation and expansion may injure vascular endothelium, including vulnerable plaque lesions. Balloon expansion and deployment of a stent can lead to injury or the endothelial lining and stretching of the arterial wall [1]. Understanding the traction forces an expanding stent imparts on the vascular wall at the endothelial surface, the underlying plaque lesions and other tissue components during expansion is an important step in improving short term stent-wall mechanics. More importantly, the long term influence of stent-vascular wall mechanical interactions in restenosis remains unknown, and this analysis may shed light on the process.

scholarly journals Learning Long- and Short-Term User Literal-Preference with Multimodal Hierarchical Transformer Network for Personalized Image Caption

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 9571-9578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yue Ying ◽  
Pan Lu ◽  
Hongyuan Zha
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Target Image ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Image Representations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Image Descriptions ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Image Caption

Personalized image caption, a natural extension of the standard image caption task, requires to generate brief image descriptions tailored for users' writing style and traits, and is more practical to meet users' real demands. Only a few recent studies shed light on this crucial task and learn static user representations to capture their long-term literal-preference. However, it is insufficient to achieve satisfactory performance due to the intrinsic existence of not only long-term user literal-preference, but also short-term literal-preference which is associated with users' recent states. To bridge this gap, we develop a novel multimodal hierarchical transformer network (MHTN) for personalized image caption in this paper. It learns short-term user literal-preference based on users' recent captions through a short-term user encoder at the low level. And at the high level, the multimodal encoder integrates target image representations with short-term literal-preference, as well as long-term literal-preference learned from user IDs. These two encoders enjoy the advantages of the powerful transformer networks. Extensive experiments on two real datasets show the effectiveness of considering two types of user literal-preference simultaneously and better performance over the state-of-the-art models.

changing landscapes, human impact on

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bintliff
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Shed Light

The Classical world witnessed many forms of physical landscape change due to long-term and short-term geological and climatological processes. There have also been alterations to the land surface resulting from an interaction between human impact and these natural factors. Cyclical changes in land use, agricultural technology, economy, and politics have continually transformed the rural landscapes of the Mediterranean and the wider Classical world and their mapping, in turn, can shed light on fundamental aspects of ancient society that are not always documented in Classical texts.

CORTICOSTEROIDS AND VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ib Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Repair Processes ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Long Term Treatment

ABSTRACT Male albino rabbits were injected daily with noradrenaline plus prednisone and noradrenaline plus saline for two weeks. Prednisone enhanced the development of the gross and microscopic arteriosclerotic lesions of the aorta induced by noradrenaline, but inhibited the synthesis and the accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides elicited by the noradrenalineinduced damage of the aortic wall. The effect of prednisone on the aortic acid mucopolysaccharides reflects an inhibition of repair processes in the arterial wall. The enhancement of the arteriosclerosis may be explained by a decrease in the resistance of the aortic wall to mechanical trauma, possibly as a consequence of the effects of prednisone on the arterial mucopolysaccharides demonstrated in the present and the previous study. It is suggested, that the increased liability to skin-haemorrhages in patients given long-term treatment with glucocorticoids is due to an increased vascular fragility conditioned by the glucocorticoid-induced alterations in the mucopolysaccharides of the vascular wall.

THE EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON RABBIT TIBIAL VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM

2001 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUAN-KUN TU ◽  
STEVE WEN-NENG UENG
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Cigarette smoking is hazardous for various tissues in human. The cigarette smoke inhalation has been proved to delay bone healing. However, no previous study demonstrates the smoking effect on bony microcirculation. In this study, we investigated the effect of cigarette smoking on tibial vascular endothelium and blood flow by using the bone chamber model. Eighteen adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Group 1: Control, Group 2: 1 week smoking, and Group 3: 6 weeks smoking. All these rabbits were then anesthetized, and their nutrient arteries of tibia were identified and cannulated. We put the tibia into bone chamber after cannulation, perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution (phase 1), and then compared the effect of vasospasm by norepinephrine dose-response curve (NEDRC). Acetylcholine (phase 2) and L-NMMA (phase 3) were also perfused and the NEDRC recorded. Acetylcholine can stimulate the release of nitric oxide and lower the NEDRC. L-NMMA inhibits NO synthesis in vascular endothelium, and hence results in vasoconstriction under various stimuli. Data collection and statistic processing were performed by ANOVA analysis. The NEDRC data in Group 1 (control) was set to be 100%. In phase 1 study, our results showed that 1 week cigarette smoking significantly increased NEDRC in Group 2 (142.5%, p<0.01). However, 6 weeks smoking strikingly boosted the response of NEDRC in Group 3 (226.5%, p<0.01). In phase 2 study, Group 2 tibia showed the NEDRC under acetylcholine perfusion to be without any difference in comparison with Group 1 (p>0.05). Nevertheless, Group 3 tibia showed significant vasospasm even under acetylcholine perfusion. In phase 3 study, L-NMMA perfused data revealed that; Group 3 tibia had the highest NEDRC, i.e. the most severe vasospasm. Based on our study, both short-term and long-term cigarette smoking are hazardous to the bony vascular endothelium. The nitric oxide production significantly attenuated in Group 2 and 3 tibia. However, the adverse effect of smoking seems reversible in short-term (Group 2). Long-term smoking (Group 3) causes irreversible damage to vascular endothelium and muscarinic receptor.

scholarly journals Power-sharing, conflict resolution, and the logic of pre-emptive defection

2020 ◽  
pp. 002234332092469
Author(s):  
Chelsea Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Negotiated Settlements ◽  
Electoral Defeat ◽  
Commitment Problem ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cross National

Conclusions about the potential for peace via power-sharing are mixed. For some, power-sharing does little to overcome the commitment problem characterizing a transition from conflict, while others argue that such concessions provide signals of parties’ willingness to incur costs. This article develops and tests a new theory, aiming to shed light on the mechanisms through which power-sharing bargains help to overcome the commitment problem. I argue that government parties tend to hold an electoral and military advantage, which heightens incentives for rebel leaders to defect from a settlement prior to conceding their capacity to use violence. Where settlements provide discrete guarantees that offset the risks of electoral defeat and the co-optation of forces, these incentives for pre-emptive defection should be mitigated. I offer a novel disaggregation of provisional power-sharing subtypes, distinguishing between long-term and short-term arrangements. The analysis rests on an original, cross-national dataset of government-and-rebel dyads to negotiated settlements signed between 1975 and 2015 (N = 168). The logistic regression results clearly indicate that power-sharing settlements stipulating ‘consociational’-style reforms are significantly more likely to resolve conflict between settlement dyads, all else equal. Meanwhile, standard conceptualizations of power-sharing, which include transitional coalitions and troop integration, appear unlikely to secure rebel commitment beyond the transition period, which helps to explain the contradictory findings in existing research.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

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