The Assessment of Loosely and Tightly Bound Water in Water Distribution Changes of Human Cortical Bone by NMR

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwen Ni ◽  
Huijie Leng ◽  
Daniel P. Nicolella
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Low Field Nmr ◽  
Non Destructive

Bone quality in terms of water distribution, porosity, and pore size distributions in cortical bone and relate these measures can be used to correlate bone mechanical properties. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that non-destructive low-field NMR technique can be used to determine the mobile and the bound water distribution, and further determine the loosely and the tightly bound water in cortical bone in vitro.

scholarly journals Characterization of Baboon Cortical Bone Microstructural Changes by Low Field NMR and Correlation of Bone Mechanical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Qingwen Ni ◽  
Anahi Tinajero ◽  
Daniel P. Nicolella
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
T2 Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Data ◽  
Bone Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mobile Water ◽  
Low Field

A NMR spin-spin (T2) relaxation technique has been described for determining the porosity, mobile and the bound water distribution in baboon cortical bone and correlate to their mechanical properties. The technique of low-field proton NMR involves spin-spin relaxation and free induction decay (FID) measurements, and the computational inversion methods for decay data analysis. The advantages of using NMR T2 relaxation techniques for bone water distribution are illustrated. The CPMG T2 relaxation data can be inverted to T2 relaxation distribution and this distribution then can be transformed to a pore size distribution with the longer relaxation times corresponding to larger pores. The FID T2 relaxation data can be inverted to T2 relaxation distribution and this distribution then can be transformed to bound and mobile water distribution with the longest relaxation time corresponding to mobile water and the middle relaxation time corresponding to bound water. The technique is applied to quantify apparent changes in porosity, bound and mobile water in cortical bone. Overall bone porosity is determined using the calibrated NMR fluid volume from the proton relaxation data divided by overall bone volume. The NMR porosity, bound and mobile water components are determined from cortical bone specimens obtained from baboon donors of different ages, and the results are correlated to bone mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Low-Field NMR Analysis of Chicken Patties Prepared with Woody Breast Meat and Implications to Meat Quality

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Jinjie You ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Ligen Xu ◽  
Clay J. Maynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Protein Properties ◽  
Low Field Nmr ◽  
Water Ratio ◽  
Chicken Patties

The scope of this paper was to investigate the effects of water distribution differences on the quality and feasibility of chicken patties supplemented with woody breast (WB). Chicken patties, containing differing amounts of WB (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were analyzed using low-field NMR. Quality differences between chicken patties were further evaluated by combining lipid and protein properties, fry loss (FL), color (L*, a*, b*), texture (hardness, springiness, chewiness, cohesiveness, resilience), microstructure, and sensory characteristics. The results expressed that both lipid and protein oxidation increased and immobilized water in chicken patties can be converted to free water more easily with increasing levels of WB. Additionally, the free water ratio decreased, water freedom increased, and the bound water ratio increased (p < 0.05). Fry loss, color, texture (hardness, springiness, chewiness), microstructure, and sensory (character, organization, taste) characteristics deteriorated significantly when the WB inclusion level exceeded 25%. Particularly, characteristics of texture (chewiness and character) and sensory (character and organization) decreased significantly as WB inclusion increased past 25% (p < 0.01). Furthermore, fry loss, texture, and overall microstructure partially confirmed the moisture variation of chicken patties as the potential cause of the abnormal quality. Although the experimental data expressed that mixing to 35% WB inclusion was feasible, the practical and economic impact recommends inclusion levels to not exceed 30%.

Direct correlation of internal gradients and pore size distributions with low field NMR

2016 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Lizhi Xiao ◽  
Guangzhi Liao ◽  
Bernhard Blümich
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Low Field Nmr

Direct correlation of diffusion and pore size distributions with low field NMR

2016 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Lizhi Xiao ◽  
Guangzhi Liao ◽  
Yi-Qiao Song
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Low Field Nmr

Evaluation of Water Evaporation in Cementitious Materials by Low Field NMR

2011 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Ming She ◽  
Wu Yao ◽  
Wan Cheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Basic Process ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Water Filling ◽  
Low Field Nmr ◽  
Selective Sensitivity ◽  
Non Destructive

The water evaporation is a basic process occurring during the service life of cementitious materials. In this paper, the evaporation process of water from heated cement specimens with different composites were studied by low field nuclear magnetic resonance. The results show that there is a linear relationship between the signals intensity and water filling index. The non-evaporable water in the specimen contributes little to signal intensity. In addition, the relaxation signals have selective sensitivity. It could be used as a non-destructive method to the quantitative research of physically bound water in the cementitious materials.

Tuning the microstructure and biodegradation of three-phase scaffolds for bone regeneration made of PCL, Zein, and HA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salerno ◽  
E. Di Maio ◽  
S. Iannace ◽  
PA Netti
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Gas Foaming ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study has been the design of novel multi-phase porous scaffolds with bi-modal pore size distributions and controlled biodegradation rate for bone tissue engineering (bTE), via a gas foaming—leaching approach. Poly( ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has been melt mixed with thermoplastic zein (TZ) and hydroxyapatite particle, to prepare multi-phase PCL—TZ and PCL—TZ—HA composites suitable to be further processed for the fabrication of 3D porous scaffolds. To this aim, these systems have been gas foamed by using CO2 as blowing agent and, subsequently, soaked in H2O to leach out the plasticizer from the TZ. This combined process allows the formation of an interpenetrated micro- and macro-porosity network within the samples. The effect of the different formulations on the micro-structural properties and in vitro biodegradation of the scaffolds has been investigated, and the results correlated to the mechanisms involved in the formation of the bi-modal pore structure. Results demonstrated that the multi-phase nature of the biomaterials prepared as well as their composition significantly affect the micro-structural properties and biodegradation rate of the scaffolds. The optimal selection of the processing conditions may allow for the design of multi-phase 3D porous scaffolds suitable for bTE.

The effects of pre-salting methods on salt and water distribution of heavily salted cod, as analyzed by 1H and 23Na MRI, 23Na NMR, low-field NMR and physicochemical analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 664-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gudjónsdóttir ◽  
Amidou Traoré ◽  
Ásbjörn Jónsson ◽  
Magnea Gudrún Karlsdóttir ◽  
Sigurjón Arason
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Low Field Nmr ◽  
23Na Mri ◽  
23Na Nmr
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