The Effect of Synthetic Ice Blockers on Thermal Expansion of the Cryoprotective Cocktail DP6

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Eisenberg ◽  
Yoed Rabin
Keyword(s):  
Potential Method ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Cooling Rates ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Cryopreservation is the only alternative for long-term preservation of high-quality biomaterials, where the availability of reliable techniques for preservation of multicellular structures and organs represents an unmet medical need. Developing cryopreservation techniques revolves around controlling the formation of ice crystals, which is known to be lethal to living cells. Cryopreservation is typically achieved in the presence of cryoprotective agents (CPAs), which exhibit a dramatic increase in viscosity with decreasing temperature. Subject to high cooling rates, the rapidly elevating viscosity of the CPA suppresses ice crystallization and promotes vitrification (vitreous means glassy in Latin). Unfortunately, available CPAs are known to be toxic at the relevant concentrations which permit vitrification. One potential method of reducing CPA concentration, and thereby achieving conditions more favorable to the tissue, is with the introduction of the so-called synthetic ice blockers (SIBs)—the subject matter of the current study.

scholarly journals Novel Approaches to the Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa: History and Development of the Spermatozoa Vitrification Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Isachenko ◽  
Gohar Rahimi ◽  
Peter Mallmann ◽  
Raul Sanchez ◽  
Vladimir Isachenko
Keyword(s):  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Conventional Freezing

Cryobiology is very intensively applied in reproductive and veterinary medicine for preservation of gametes, embryos and reproductive tissues. Sub-zero temperatures combined with appropriate cryoprotective agents preserve the physiological and reproductive functions of the cells making long-term storage possible without loss of viability. With the use of cryoprotective agents it has become possible to develop cryopreservation techniques, such as the slow conventional freezing and vitrification that are in use in the present times. In slow controlled-rate conventional freezing extracellular ice crystals are formed whereas in vitrification no ice crystals are formed. Glass formation is compatible with the survival of the cell and the preservation of its intracellular structures provided the type(s) and concentrations of cryoprotectant used are not chemo- or osmotoxic. However, irrespective of the type of cooling method employed the cryosurvival of cells and tissues is influenced by the size and maturity of cells, amounts of intracellular water, quality and quantity of intracellular lipids, type of cells, their function and morphology. The intracellular milieu of cryopreserved cells and tissues remain less understood. The application of nanotechnology may help reveal and help advance our knowledge of the cryobiological principles involved in cryosurvival. At this moment the methods of cryopreservation that merit further investigation are vitrification and lyophilization. Vitrification is cheap if reagents are prepared in-house and the procedure can be performed rapidly. It has been successfully applied for gametes and embryos (of different stages of development), and reproductive cells/tissues, somatic cells and stem cells. However, vitrification is more demanding technically and requires operation and storage at sub-zero temperatures. On the other hand lyophilization deserves further investigation because it is a cheaper form of cryopreservation that may enable cryostorage at less demanding temperatures of 4°C and may even allow transport at ambient temperature. These possibilities are explored in this review.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profiling of Moina sp. Preserved in Cryoprotective Agents at Low Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Dr. Nurul Ulfah Karim ◽  
Muhammad Fathi Sofian ◽  
Hanan Yusuf ◽  
Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiling ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Highlight ResearchSaturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ∑ ω6 and ∑ ω3 of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% GLY decreased with prolong storage.FA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% EG showed a significant reduced only after M3.Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and PUFA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% DMSO increased significantly (p<0.05) after M3.Moina sp. preserved in 5% DMSO maintain the docosaheaenoic acid (DHA) level, which could be potential method for long-term preservation.AbstractMoina sp. is an important feed for larval and post-larval rearing of aquaculture species. Preservation of Moina sp. using various preservation agents and techniques is known to be less time-consuming procedure in maintaining large number of feed in hatchery management. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the changes of fatty acid (FA) composition of Moina sp. preserved at 5, 10 and 20% in glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 1 to 3 months (M1-M3). Moina sp. without cryoprotectant agents stored at -40°C as controls. Saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ∑ ω6 and ∑ ω3 of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% GLY decreased with prolonging storage. FA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% EG showed a significant reduction only after M3. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and PUFA of Moina sp. preserved with 5, 10 and 20% DMSO increased significantly (p<0.05) after M3. Moina sp. preserved in 5% DMSO maintain the docosaheaenoic acid (DHA) level, which could be a potential method for long-term preservation.

STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS IMPLEMENTED WHILE SURVEYING BUILDINGS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Todorov ◽  
Mihail Todorov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Full Study ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The study of cultural heritage is a multidisciplinary challenge. Working in this area meets a number of peculiarities, which put emphasis on a full study of the elements of the natural environment, as well as the need for brilliant techniques of construction to be used. The detailed studies of the monuments characteristics in a series of engineering areas over the last decade have led us to the conclusion that the creators of these monuments have achieved an important characteristic of their creations – securing their durability. From an engineering standpoint, the examples are valuable in terms of materials as well as the choice of a structural solution as their most important feature. In several sites with world cultural heritage status-the conservation and impact of the monument in the perspective of eternal longevity have been studied, while analyzing construction and the overall vision of the builders to the specific creation. It is these aspects that are the subject of research and it turns out that their role in preserving the monument is extremely important. This publication examines two monuments with extremely distinctive characteristics, requiring complex engineering research and thorough knowledge of natural and anthropogenic materials and their application in the construction techniques of the past. This is an example, and a basis for adequate solutions with an approach for long-term preservation of the structures.

Re-Animating Greg Lynn's Embryological House: A Case Study in Digital Design Preservation

Leonardo ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Bird ◽  
Guillaume LaBelle
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Media Arts ◽  
Digital Architecture ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Greg Lynn's Embryological House was an early work of digital architecture: a work in which the computer was a fundamental part of the design process. It was the subject of a case study in digital preservation by the Daniel Langlois Foundation's project for the Documentation and Conservation of Media Arts Heritage (DOCAM) and the Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA). Research identified characteristics of digital architectural artifacts that are key to their long-term preservation. The results imply a shift in the focus of preservation from the artifact to its transformation in a digital context and a re-evaluation of preservation strategies and principles.

Collapse Temperature of Solutions Important for Lyopreservation of Living Cells at Ambient Temperature

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geer Yang ◽  
Kyle Gilstrap ◽  
Aili Zhang ◽  
Lisa X. Xu ◽  
Xiaoming He
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Collapse Temperature ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Cell Preservation

With recent advances in cell-based medical technologies such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, living cells are becoming more and more important as a therapeutic tool in modern medicine. Due to the limited availability of cell sources, effective long-term preservation of living cells is of great importance to the eventual success of these emerging technologies. Cell preservation can be achieved by cooling/freezing the cells to a cryogenic temperature (cryopreservation) and/or drying the cells to preserve at ambient temperature (lyopreservation). Due to the high cost of maintaining and inconvenience of transporting cryopreserved cells, there is an increasing demand for cell lyopreservation.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6157
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda ◽  
Dariusz Kulus ◽  
Angela Vacaro de Souza ◽  
Behzad Kaviani ◽  
Eduardo Festozo Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques

Numerous environmental and endogenous factors affect the level of genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic variability is the cornerstone of evolution and adaptation of species. However, currently, more and more plant species and local varieties (landraces) are on the brink of extinction due to anthropopression and climate change. Their preservation is imperative for the sake of future breeding programs. Gene banks have been created worldwide to conserve different plant species of cultural and economic importance. Many of them apply cryopreservation, a conservation method in which ultra-low temperatures (−135 °C to −196 °C) are used for long-term storage of tissue samples, with little risk of variation occurrence. Cells can be successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) when the adverse effect of ice crystal formation and growth is mitigated by the removal of water and the formation of the so-called biological glass (vitrification). This state can be achieved in several ways. The involvement of key cold-regulated genes and proteins in the acquisition of cold tolerance in plant tissues may additionally improve the survival of LN-stored explants. The present review explains the importance of cryostorage in agronomy and presents an overview of the recent works accomplished with this strategy. The most widely used cryopreservation techniques, classic and modern cryoprotective agents, and some protocols applied in crops are considered to understand which parameters provide the establishment of high quality and broadly applicable cryopreservation. Attention is also focused on the issues of genetic integrity and functional genomics in plant cryobiology.

Transport Characteristics of Glycerol and Propylene Glycol in an Engineered Dermal Replacement

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hubel ◽  
N. Bidault ◽  
B. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Cytoskeletal Reorganization ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Large Step

The ability to cryopreserve engineered tissues is important for the clinical application of therapies based on living cells. Cryopreservation facilitates the manufacture, transport and safety of cell-based therapies. The cryopreservation of cells and tissues had typically required the use of specialized solutions containing cryoprotective agents (CPAs). The addition of a CPA to the freezing solution may result in damage if it is not done properly. Tissues and intact organs can exhibit reduced cellular viability when exposed to sufficiently large step changes in external osmolarity resulting from introduction or removal of a cryopreservation solution (Pegg, 1972). Not only are large step changes in osmolarity potentially damaging, but also long-term exposure to even low concentrations of CPAs at room temperature can be lethal (Fahy et al., 1990). Exposure of cells to CPAs (in particular dimethyl sulfoxide, Me2SO) has been associated with a loss in viability with time of exposure. Subsequent studies have quantified specific cellular changes resulting from exposure to CPA, such as cytoskeletal reorganization, cross-linking of nuclear proteins, and alterations in membrane permeability (cf. ref (Fahy et al., 1990) for review) which may account for the loss in viability.

scholarly journals THE USE OF DORMANT-BUD CRYOPRESERVATION FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE OF PECAN AND WALNUT GERMPLASM

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1142c-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Morrissey ◽  
William A. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
If Current ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Term Storage

A study was designed to determine if current dormant-bud cryopreservation techniques investigated on woody plants, such as apple (Malus domestica), gooseberry (Ribes), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and pear (Pryus communis) etc., could be applied to certain nut tree species for long-term preservation. Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and black walnut (Juglans nigra) were exposed to prefreezing temperatures ranging from -10° C to -40° C and then directly immersed in liquid nitrogen for 2 hrs. Dehydration by prefreezing was not sufficient for bud survival in pecan. Bud survival was increased by dehydrating stem sections prior to prefreezing. Prefreezing at -30° or -40° C was suitable for survival of black walnut.

scholarly journals Cryobiotechnology: A Double-Edged Sword for Obligate Plant Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Minrui Wang ◽  
Jingwei Li ◽  
Zhenhua Cui ◽  
Gayle M. Volk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques ◽  
Vegetatively Propagated Plants ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Pathogen-free stock plants are required as propagation materials in nurseries and healthy materials are needed in germplasm exchange between countries or regions through quarantine programs. In addition, plant gene banks also prefer to maintain pathogen-free germplasm collections. Shoot tip cryotherapy is a novel biotechnology method whereby cryopreservation methods are used to eradicate obligate pathogens from vegetatively propagated plants. Long-term preservation of pathogens is necessary in all types of virus-related basic research and applications such as antigen preparation for virus detection by immunology-based methods, production of plant-based vaccines, genetic transformation to produce virus-derived resistant transgenic plants, and bionanotechnology to produce nano drugs. Obligate plant pathogens such as viruses and viroids are intracellular parasites that colonize only living cells of the hosts. Therefore, their long-term preservation is difficult. Cryotreatments cannot completely eradicate the obligate pathogens that do not infect meristematic cells and certain proportions of plants recovered from cryotreatments are still pathogen-infected. Furthermore, cryotreatments often fail to eradicate the obligate pathogens that infect meristematic cells. Cryopreservation can be used for the long-term cryopreservation of the obligate plant pathogens. Thus, cryobiotechnology functions as a double-edged sword for plant pathogen eradication and cryopreservation. This review provides updated a synthesis of advances in cryopreservation techniques for eradication and cryopreservation of obligate plant pathogens.

Cryomacroscopy in 3D: A Device Prototype for the Study of Cryopreservation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoed Rabin ◽  
Justin S. G. Feig ◽  
Alexander C. Williams ◽  
Christopher C. Lin ◽  
Chandrajit Thaokar
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
New Device ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques ◽  
Long Term Preservation

This study presents a new device prototype for visualization of physical effects associated with large-scale cryopreservation—the preservation of tissues at very low temperatures. Cryopreservation represents the only method for long-term preservation of biomaterials. While techniques for cryopreservation of single cells and small tissue structures are well established, cryopreservation techniques for bulky tissues and organs are still at the developmental stage. Critical to the success of cryopreservation is the control of ice formation—the cornerstone of cryoinjury. One of the most promising techniques for large-scale cryopreservation is known as vitrification, where the crystal phase is suppressed, and the biological material is trapped in a glassy-like state (vitreous in Latin means glassy) [1].

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