Simplifying Cell Traction Forces Using Fibronectin Patterned Polyacrylamide Gels

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Polio ◽  
Katheryn E. Rothenberg ◽  
Dimitrije Stamenović ◽  
Michael L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Adhesion Sites ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
A Cell ◽  
And Function

Cells inhabit highly dynamic environments which greatly influence cell behavior. One of the ways in which a cell interacts with its environment is through its membrane by focal adhesion complexes. These protein complexes form an intermediary between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Tension generated within the contractile cytoskeleton results in cellular traction forces (CTFs) at the adhesion sites, which can greatly affect cell shape, adhesion, and function (1).

scholarly journals A formalism for modelling traction forces and cell shape evolution during cell migration in various biomedical processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Peng ◽  
F. J. Vermolen ◽  
D. Weihs
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Shape Evolution ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Equilibrium Shapes ◽  
Monte Carlo Framework

AbstractThe phenomenological model for cell shape deformation and cell migration Chen (BMM 17:1429–1450, 2018), Vermolen and Gefen (BMM 12:301–323, 2012), is extended with the incorporation of cell traction forces and the evolution of cell equilibrium shapes as a result of cell differentiation. Plastic deformations of the extracellular matrix are modelled using morphoelasticity theory. The resulting partial differential differential equations are solved by the use of the finite element method. The paper treats various biological scenarios that entail cell migration and cell shape evolution. The experimental observations in Mak et al. (LC 13:340–348, 2013), where transmigration of cancer cells through narrow apertures is studied, are reproduced using a Monte Carlo framework.

scholarly journals Influence of Substrate Stiffness and Thickness and Anisotropic Cell Traction Forces on Cell Behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 479a
Author(s):  
Srikanth Raghavan ◽  
Aravind R. Rammohan ◽  
Martial Hervy ◽  
Magadalena Stolarska
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Stiffness ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

Video-microscopic measurement of cell-substratum traction forces generated by locomoting keratocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Tim Oliver ◽  
Michelle Leonard ◽  
Juliet Lee ◽  
Akira Ishihara ◽  
Ken Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Local Cell ◽  
Microscopic Measurement ◽  
Kinetics Of

We are using video-enhanced light microscopy to investigate the pattern and magnitude of forces that fish keratocytes exert on flexible silicone rubber substrata. Our goal is a clearer understanding of the way molecular motors acting through the cytoskeleton co-ordinate their efforts into locomotion at cell velocities up to 1 μm/sec. Cell traction forces were previously observed as wrinkles(Fig.l) in strong silicone rubber films by Harris.(l) These forces are now measureable by two independant means.In the first of these assays, weakly crosslinked films are made, into which latex beads have been embedded.(Fig.2) These films report local cell-mediated traction forces as bead displacements in the plane of the film(Fig.3), which recover when the applied force is released. Calibrated flexible glass microneedles are then used to reproduce the translation of individual beads. We estimate the force required to distort these films to be 0.5 mdyne/μm of bead movement. Video-frame analysis of bead trajectories is providing data on the relative localisation, dissipation and kinetics of traction forces.

scholarly journals Cell Traction Forces Direct Fibronectin Matrix Assembly

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 729-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Lemmon ◽  
Christopher S. Chen ◽  
Lewis H. Romer
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Assembly ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Fibronectin Matrix ◽  
Cell Traction

scholarly journals Dissipation of contractile forces: the missing piece in cell mechanics

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1825-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Kurzawa ◽  
Benoit Vianay ◽  
Fabrice Senger ◽  
Timothée Vignaud ◽  
Laurent Blanchoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mechanics ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Contractile Forces ◽  
Fiber Contraction

Mechanical forces are key regulators of cell and tissue physiology. The basic molecular mechanism of fiber contraction by the sliding of actin filament upon myosin leading to conformational change has been known for decades. The regulation of force generation at the level of the cell, however, is still far from elucidated. Indeed, the magnitude of cell traction forces on the underlying extracellular matrix in culture is almost impossible to predict or experimentally control. The considerable variability in measurements of cell-traction forces indicates that they may not be the optimal readout to properly characterize cell contractile state and that a significant part of the contractile energy is not transferred to cell anchorage but instead is involved in actin network dynamics. Here we discuss the experimental, numerical, and biological parameters that may be responsible for the variability in traction force production. We argue that limiting these sources of variability and investigating the dissipation of mechanical work that occurs with structural rearrangements and the disengagement of force transmission is key for further understanding of cell mechanics.

Development of micropost force sensor array with culture experiments for determination of cell traction forces

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Luke Xie ◽  
Zane C. Starr ◽  
Zhaochun Yang ◽  
Jeen-Shang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction Forces ◽  
Cell Traction

scholarly journals Reconstitution of functional mRNA-protein complexes in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Greenberg ◽  
E Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Micrococcal Nuclease ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Cytoplasmic Process ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
A Cell ◽  
And Function

A variety of evidence suggests that the cytoplasmic mRNA-associated proteins of eucaryotic cells are derived from the cytoplasm and function there, most likely in protein synthesis or some related process. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that protein-free mRNA added to a cell-free translation system should become associated with a set of proteins similar to those associated with mRNA in native polyribosomes. To test this hypothesis, we added deproteinized rabbit reticulocyte mRNA to a homologous cell-free translation system made dependent on exogenous mRNA by treatment with micrococcal nuclease. The resulting reconstituted complexes were irradiated with UV light to cross-link the proteins to mRNA, and the proteins were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The proteins associated with polyribosomal mRNA in the reconstituted complexes were indistinguishable from those associated with polyribosomal mRNA in intact reticulocytes. Furthermore, reticulocyte mRNA-associated proteins were very similar to those of cultured mammalian cells. The composition of the complexes varied with the translational state of the mRNA; that is, certain proteins present in polyribosomal mRNA-protein complexes were absent or reduced in amount in 40S to 80S complexes and in complexes formed in the absence of translation. However, other proteins, including a 78-kilodalton protein associated with polyadenylate, were present irrespective of translational state, or else they were preferentially associated with untranslated mRNA. These findings are in agreement with previous data suggesting that proteins associated with cytoplasmic mRNA are derived from the cytoplasm and that they function in translation or some other cytoplasmic process, rather than transcription, RNA processing, or transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

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