Anti-Corrosion Behavior of Olmesartan for Soft-Cast Steel in 1 mol dm−3 HCl

This study discusses the effects of temperature on corrosion inhibition for soft-cast steel by the pharmaceutically active drug olmesartan in 1 mol dm−3 HCl. The sufficient number of electron-rich elements and non-bonding π electrons in its structure favored a good capability for coating onto the electron-deficient steel surfaces. Theoretical and electrochemical measurements were carried out at the temperature region of 303 K to 333 K. Therefore, the experiment suggests that the inhibition efficiency of olmesartan increases with its increasing concentrations due to the adsorption. Additionally, even at a higher temperature of 333 K, the inhibitor molecules attain their stability towards corrosion resistance of steel surfaces. The adsorption of inhibitors on steel surfaces is spontaneously found to include the mixture of physisorption and chemisorption, and it obeys Temkin’s adsorption isotherm model. Theoretical and computational considerations were made using quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamics simulations, which confirmed that the olmesartan has a suitable corrosion inhibitive capability intended for soft-cast steel in 1 mol dm−3 HCl. Additionally, scanning electron microscopic measurement was used to obtain a visual idea of the inhibitive action of the inhibitor attained by forming an adsorbed protective layer onto the steel surfaces. The minute concentration of olmesartan of about 10–50 ppm shows high inhibition efficiency of ~80%, even at elevated temperatures.

Evaluation of in- vitro Anti-inflammatory Potential of Grevillea robusta A. Cunn, EX R.BR. Leaves

Synthetic Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NASAIDs) are the choice of drug for inflammation. NASAIDs caused severe side effects like hyperacidity, gastric ulcer and so on. To avoid the side effects of NASAIDs, there is an urgent need for searching new molecule from natural origin. Present study is therefore aimed to explore Grevillea robusta A. Cunn, ex R.Br. Family proteaceae leaves for anti-inflammatory activity. Microscopic measurement (fibre length and width), Ash values and extractive values of Grevillea robusta leaves were determined to set the pharmacognostic standards. Chemical constituents were evaluated through chemical tests. The Ethanol extract of Grevillea robusta leaves (GRLE)) were subjected to evaluate in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity through HRBC method and Heat induced haemolytic method. The leaves of Grevillea robusta showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The Ethanol extract (GRLE) showed significant anti-inflammatory activities. GRLE was found to contain polyphenols as chemical constituents which was the basis of anti-inflammatory activity. On the basis of result we can conclude that Ethanol extract of leaves of Grevillea robusta has good anti-inflammatory activity. GRLE could be used for treatment of inflammation.

Development of a high-precision XYZ translator and estimation of beam profile of the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray undulator beamline BL-13B at the Photon Factory

A high-precision XYZ translator was developed for the microanalysis of electronic structures and chemical compositions on material surfaces by electron spectroscopy techniques, such as photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy, utilizing the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray synchrotron radiation at an undulator beamline BL-13B at the Photon Factory. Using the high-precision translator, the profile and size of the undulator beam were estimated. They were found to strongly depend on the photon energy but were less affected by the polarization direction. To demonstrate the microscopic measurement capability of an experimental apparatus incorporating a high-precision XYZ translator, the homogeneities of an SnO film and a naturally grown anatase TiO2 single crystal were investigated using X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopies. The upgraded system can be used for elemental analyses and electronic structure studies at a spatial resolution in the order of the beam size.

CT Fat Density Accurately Reflects Histologic Fat Quality in Adults With HIV On and Off Antiretroviral Therapy

Context Microscopic measurement of adipocyte size is the gold standard for determining adipose tissue (AT) quality. AT density on CT may also reflect adipocyte quality (lower density = poorer quality). Objective We used abdominal subcutaneous AT (SAT) specimens and CT scans to validate CT SAT density as a marker of SAT quality in adults living with HIV. Setting and Design Secondary data analysis from completed trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (ACTG A5224s). CT abdominal SAT density was measured in HU. SAT specimens were digitally scanned for calculation of mean adipocyte area. Participants Participants had SAT biopsy and CT data at baseline (n = 54) and HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per milliliter on ART and biopsy or CT data at week 96 (n = 30). Outcome Measures Spearman correlations and linear regression models adjusting for participant characteristics examined associations between SAT density and adipocyte area. Results Baseline median age was 40 years, CD4+ T lymphocyte count 219 cells per cubic millimeter, and body mass index 26.0 kg/m2; 89% were male and 67% white. Median SAT area and density were 199 cm2 and −100 HU. Over 96 weeks, SAT area increased (+18%) and SAT density decreased (−3%). Mean SAT adipocyte area correlated with SAT density (P < 0.01) off and on ART after adjustment for SAT area, age, race, sex, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, and HIV-1 RNA. Conclusions CT SAT density correlates with biopsy-quantified SAT adipocyte size in adults with HIV on and off ART, suggesting that CT is a useful tool for noninvasive assessment of SAT quality.

Histopathology of placenta in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Background: Birth of healthy term baby depends on normal placenta. IUGR is a condition associated with placental insufficiency. There is a close relationship between IUGR and placental qualitative changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological and histological changes in placentas of IUGR fetuses and in placentas of normal uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine the relationship that exists between morphological change and frequency of IUGR.Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, GMC Jammu, a total of 60 placenta were received, 30 placenta of IUGR fetus (group 1-case) and 30 placenta of uncomplicated pregnancy with normal single fetus (group 2-control). Exclusion criteria: Twin pregnancy, gestational hypertension, diabetes, congenital anomaly, antepartum hemorrhage and systemic disorder.Results: Placental weights in IUGR group were significantly lower than control group. Average placental weight in IUGR group was 425 gms while in the control group (normal placenta) it was 550 gms. Infarction, intervillous thrombosis, chorionic villitis, hemorrhagic endovasculitis, placental intravascular thrombi, perivillous fibrin deposition, fibrinoid necrosis and villous edema were found to be more common in IUGR group (Group 1-case group) than Normal (Group 2- control group).Conclusions: This study highlightened that significant pathological differences were found between the placentas of IUGR fetus and normal fetus. The gross and microscopic measurement of a placenta is a good way to get proper information about IUGR and helps in management of the pregnancy.