Cervical Collagen Network Remodeling in Normal and Disrupted Parturition Mouse Models

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Yoshida ◽  
Claire Reeves ◽  
MiJung Kim ◽  
Jan Kitajewski ◽  
Joy Vink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Collagen Network ◽  
Fixed Charge Density ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mechanical Barrier ◽  
In Pregnancy

The cervix plays an important role in pregnancy as a mechanical barrier to prevent preterm birth (PTB). The material strength of the cervix can be attributed to its extracellular matrix (ECM), a network of cross-linked collagens (types I and III) embedded within a viscous matrix of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). GAGs are negatively charged polysaccharides that provide a fixed charge density (FCD) within the tissue to maintain hydration. Throughout gestation, the ECM of the cervix undergoes a remodeling process characterized by three stages: gradual softening in early pregnancy, a rapid increase in tissue distensibility termed ripening in late pregnancy, and repair at post partum 1. As the cervix softens and ripens, mature collagen cross-links break down while GAG content increases 2,3. Previous research has shown that these changes in collagen and GAGs correlate to a mechanically softer cervix at term 4.

Serial Studies of the Renal Clearance of Urate and Inulin during Pregnancy and after the Puerperium in Normal Women

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Semple ◽  
W. Carswell ◽  
J. A. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Made In

1. A serial study of renal clearance of urate and inulin was made in thirteen normal women in early, mid and late pregnancy and 6–15 weeks after delivery. 2. The mean serum urate concentration was low in early and mid pregnancy but rose in late pregnancy towards the control value. 3. Clearances of urate and inulin were consistently elevated throughout pregnancy to about 150% of the post-partum values. The ratio of clearance of urate to clearance of inulin was the same in pregnancy as it was after the puerperium. 4. The urinary excretion of urate was increased only in late pregnancy.

The female urogenital system of Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia).

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
RI Kean ◽  
RG Marryatt ◽  
ALK Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Vaginal Canal ◽  
In Pregnancy

This paper is based on measurements from 1000 female specimens. In a stable population, summer anoestrus was followed by oestrus in April-May. Post-partum oestrus did not occur. Juvenile females frequently came into oestrus at 12 months of age but they did not necessarily rear young. The septum which initially divides the vaginal sac is usually perforated shortly before sexual maturity is attained, but entire septa may be found in females of any age. The sac in trapped, wild animals is greatly enlarged during oestrus but it is small and apparently functionless during parturition. Formation of the median vaginal canal is commenced early in pregnancy. The median canal is usually unlined, but in some specimens (5 of 68) the canal carried a well-developed epithelium which was columnar anteriorly and stratified squamous posteriorly. The two types of lining originate as infundibula extending from the vaginal sac and the urogenital sinus respectively. The epithelium appears to organize canal formation, but it is not required in a protective capacity, and no evidence suggests that it facilitates parturition. Omission of the epithelium seems to be an evolutionary advance and, in the usual absence of median canal lining, canal organization is probably relegated to terminal epithelia of the median sac and the urogenital sinus. The lateral canals open widely during oestrus, providing for transmission of semen. During pregnancy they become constricted or sealed posteriorly, and are usually closed during dioestrus and anoestrus, separating the reproductive system from the urinary one. In principle, the lateral canals and the median canal are similar in their initiation (both types originating from evaginations of anterior and posterior epithelia) but their development differs through heterochrony, formation of the median canal being retarded. However, the canals differ also in their reactions during late pregnancy when the lateral canals close as the median one opens.

scholarly journals Outcomes following biosimilar TNF inhibitors use for inflammatory-mediated immune disorders in pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2110287
Author(s):  
R Scott ◽  
H Parker ◽  
S Mccartney ◽  
P Harrow ◽  
D Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Biologic Drug ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Biosimilar tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are increasingly used to treat inflammatory immune-mediated disorders as they cost less than the originator biologic drug. More women are therefore becoming pregnant on biosimilar TNFi. This is the first paper to explore the safety and efficacy of biosimilar therapies in pregnancy. Methods A retrospective review of clinical data reviewed pregnancy outcomes and inflammatory disease activity in 18 pregnancies where the mother was using a biosimilar TNFi at conception. Results Biosimilar therapy was not associated with congenital abnormalities, preterm birth or other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Stopping biosimilar TNFi in pregnancy was associated with childbirth at an earlier gestation, as well as a flare of inflammatory disease in pregnancy or post-partum. Conclusions Women and clinicians should feel confident in using biosimilar TNFi in early pregnancy, and continuing them through pregnancy to prevent flares in late pregnancy or the early post-partum.

Endocrine disease in pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 2638-2641
Author(s):  
David Carty
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
In Pregnancy

During pregnancy, there are several diseases of the endocrine system that can affect women. This chapter looks at a few of these. Many pregnant women will develop goitre. Gestational thyrotoxicosis needs to be differentiated from Grave’s disease, which requires treatment with propylthiouracil in early pregnancy and carbimazole in later pregnancy. Overt hypothyroidism is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and should be treated to maintain thyroid-stimulating hormone within the trimester-specific reference range. The diagnosis of both Addison’s disease and Cushing’s syndrome can be challenging in pregnancy. Patients with adrenal insufficiency require higher replacement steroid doses in the first and third trimesters. Prolactinomas are commonly encountered in pregnancy, with dopamine agonists the treatment of choice. Women with macroprolactinomas should have visual field monitoring throughout pregnancy. Lymphocytic hypophysitis is increasingly recognized as a cause of hypopituitarism arising in late pregnancy and in the post-partum period.

Low back pain in pregnancy and post-partum period. Principles for medical rehabilitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Iulia Filipescu ◽  
Mihai Berteanu ◽  
George Alexandru Filipescu ◽  
Radu Vlădăreanu
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals AB0302 USE OF TNF-INHIBITORS BEFORE, DURING AND THE FIRST YEAR AFTER PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1450.2-1450
Author(s):  
H. Bjørngaard ◽  
H. Koksvik ◽  
B. Jakobsen ◽  
M. Wallenius
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Tnf Inhibitors ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Tnf Inhibitor ◽  
Rheumatic Arthritis ◽  
Quality Register ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background:Treat to target is a goal, also in pregnant women with Rheumatoid arthritis (1). There is increasing evidence on safe use with TNF inhibitors during pregnancy. Adjusted use of TNF inhibitors preconception and throughout pregnancy may stabilize disease activity and prevent flares (2). Low disease activity is also beneficial for the fetus.Objectives:To study the use of TNF-inhibitors among women with Rheumatic arthritis during and after pregnancy.Methods:RevNatus is a Norwegian, nationwide quality register that monitors treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases before, during and after pregnancy. Data from RevNatus in the period October 2017 to October 2019 was used to map the use of all types of TNF inhibitors among 208 women with rheumatoid arthritis, diagnosed by the ACR/EULAR criteria. The use of medication was reported at the time of visit in outpatient clinic. The frequency of use of TNF inhibitors registered at seven timepoints from pre-pregnancy to twelve months after delivery.Results:The use of medication was reported at each visit for all the women with rheumatoid arthritis. Most of the women were not using TNF inhibitors before and beyond conception. Most of the women continuing TNF inhibitors beyond conception used certolizumab or etanercept. Adalimumab and infliximab were used in pregnancy (tabell 1).Tabell 1.certoliz-umabetane-rceptadalim-umabgolim-umabinflixi-mabNo TNF-inhibitorBefore pregnancyn=10521% (22)9% (10)3% (3)1% (1)66% (69)1.trimestern=8119% (15)10% (8)71% (58)2.trimestern=8810% (9)10% (9)80% (70)3.trimestern=9111% (10)5% (5)83% (76)6 weeks post partum n=9622% (21)13% (13)1% (1)1% (1)63% (60)6 months post partum n=8824% (21)18% (16)4% (4)1% (1)53% (46)12 months post partum n=8421% (18)17% (15)7% (6)2% (2)53% (43)Conclusion:Most of the women with rheumatic arthritis were not treated with TNF inhibitors before or in pregnancy. Women with rheumatic arthritis that continuing treatment with TNF inhibitors through pregnancy were using certilozumab and etanercept.References:[1]Gotestam Skorpen C, Hoeltzenbein M, Tincani A, Fischer-Betz R, Elefant E, Chambers C, et al. The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation. 2016;75(5):795-810.[2]van den Brandt S, Zbinden A, Baeten D, Villiger PM, Ostensen M, Forger F. Risk factors for flare and treatment of disease flares during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):64.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON TESTOSTERON UND EPITESTOSTERON BEI FRAUEN AM ENDE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
K. Schollberg ◽  
E. Seiler ◽  
J. Holtorff
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Female Foetus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone by women in late pregnancy has been studied. The mean values of 22 normal women in pregnancy mens X are 12.9 ± 9.2 μg/24 h in the case of testosterone and 16.1 ± 16.2 μg/24 h in the case of epitestosterone. Both values do not differ significantly from those of non-pregnant females. The excretion values of mothers bearing a male foetus (17.3 ± 8.9 μg/24 h) are higher than those of mothers with a female foetus (6.4 ± 4.8 μg/24 h). The difference is statistically significant with P = 0.01.

scholarly journals Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria in Pregnancy: A Dilemma in Treatment and Thromboprophylaxis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Arpan Patel ◽  
Athira Unnikrishnan ◽  
Martina Murphy ◽  
Robert Egerman ◽  
Sarah Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Class A ◽  
Hematologic Disorder ◽  
Prophylactic Anticoagulation ◽  
Risk For Thrombosis ◽  
In Pregnancy

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a hematologic disorder characterized by an acquired somatic mutation in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene which leads to a higher risk for increased venous and arterial thrombosis. Current treatment for PNH includes eculizumab. Pregnant patients who have PNH have higher risk for thrombosis and hemorrhage with both pregnancy and their underlying PNH. Treatment frequently poses conundrum. The safety and efficacy of eculizumab during pregnancy and breast feeding have not been extensively studied and contraception has been recommended due to potential for teratogenicity. We present a case of a patient who was safely on both eculizumab and modest prophylactic anticoagulation for 6 weeks post-partum.

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