Serial Studies of the Renal Clearance of Urate and Inulin during Pregnancy and after the Puerperium in Normal Women

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Semple ◽  
W. Carswell ◽  
J. A. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Made In

1. A serial study of renal clearance of urate and inulin was made in thirteen normal women in early, mid and late pregnancy and 6–15 weeks after delivery. 2. The mean serum urate concentration was low in early and mid pregnancy but rose in late pregnancy towards the control value. 3. Clearances of urate and inulin were consistently elevated throughout pregnancy to about 150% of the post-partum values. The ratio of clearance of urate to clearance of inulin was the same in pregnancy as it was after the puerperium. 4. The urinary excretion of urate was increased only in late pregnancy.

DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON TESTOSTERON UND EPITESTOSTERON BEI FRAUEN AM ENDE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
K. Schollberg ◽  
E. Seiler ◽  
J. Holtorff
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Female Foetus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone by women in late pregnancy has been studied. The mean values of 22 normal women in pregnancy mens X are 12.9 ± 9.2 μg/24 h in the case of testosterone and 16.1 ± 16.2 μg/24 h in the case of epitestosterone. Both values do not differ significantly from those of non-pregnant females. The excretion values of mothers bearing a male foetus (17.3 ± 8.9 μg/24 h) are higher than those of mothers with a female foetus (6.4 ± 4.8 μg/24 h). The difference is statistically significant with P = 0.01.

LEVELS OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN THE NEWBORN INFANT AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ADRENAL DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH. LAURITZEN ◽  
W.-D. LEHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Low Volume

SUMMARY Chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) concentrations were measured in newborn infants. The levels of HCG were found to be higher in the umbilical vein than in the arteries. The hormone is eliminated within 72 hr. post partum. After the injection of HCG a mean of 3·6% of the administered dose appeared in the urine. The renal clearance was very low (0·006 ml./min.) in the newborn corresponding to the low volume of urinary output. HCG is also excreted in the meconium and in the faeces during the first day of life. Administration of HCG to newborn infants significantly increased the urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone. This rise was even more pronounced in premature infants. It is suggested that HCG is an adrenocorticotrophic hormone in the foetus, regulating the supply of foetal adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone as a precursor for the production of oestrogens in the placenta. The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone in the urine of the newborn was found to lie between 78 and 277 μg./24 hr. After injection of sodium dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, 5% of the dose was excreted in the urine. Dehydroepiandrosterone was not converted into oestrogens by the newborn.

Thyroxine in unextracted urine

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Orden ◽  
J. Pie ◽  
M. G. Juste ◽  
J. A. Marsella ◽  
C. Blasco
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract. The aim of this work was to estimate the daily urinary excretion of free and conjugated thyroxine using a direct radioimmunoassay and enzyme hydrolysis. The renal clearance of free T4 was also determined. The mean urinary values of free and total T4 (mean ± 1 sd) in 112 euthyroid controls were 1353 ± 496 and 1855 ± 651 pmol/24 h, respectively. Urinary excretion of free hormone in 13 hyperthyroid patients was 5552 ± 4320 pmol/24 h and total T4 was 8122 ± 7219 pmol/24 h. Urinary free T4 excretion was 223 ± 223 pmol/24 h in hypothyroid patients and total T4 was 542 ± 490 pmol/24 h. These results indicate that daily urinary T4 excretion is a good indicator of thyroid function. The mean renal clearance of free T4 was 52 ± 19 ml/min (mean ± 1 sd) in euthyroid patients, 53.7 ± 12.3 ml/min in hyperthyroid patients, and 67.6 ± 13.1 ml/min in hypothyroid patients. We estimated the endogenous creatinine renal clearance as a control of the renal filtration rate. The data suggest that there is T4 filtration of unbound T4 and partial tubular reabsorption. Further experimental studies will be necessary to clarify the renal handling of thyroxine as well as the fate of reabsorbed T4.

Thyroid activities of non-pregnant, pregnant, post-Partum and newborn swamp buffaloes

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pichaicharnarong ◽  
P. Loypetjra ◽  
N. Chaiyabutr ◽  
S. Usanakornkul ◽  
D. J. Djurdjevic
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYThe average serum T4(D) of nine non-pregnant buffaloes was 5·5 ± 1·4 μg/100 ml. It increased slightly to 6·2 ± 4·2 μg/100 ml in 37 6–7 month pregnant buffaloes. Nevertheless the difference was not significant. When the pregnancy reached 8–9 months, the T4(D) was 9·0 ± 3.8μg/100 ml which was significantly higher than that at 6–7 months (P < 0·01). At full term (9–10 months), T4(D) decreased to 3·6 ± 2–6 μg/100 ml which was significantly lower than that at 8–9 months (P <0·001).In 1 month post-partum buffaloes, the average T4(D) was 5·1 ± 3·4 μg/100 ml, while T4(D) of 1-month-old buffalo calves was very high, i.e. 13·6 ± 3·2 μg/100 ml.The total serum T3 (RIA) of late-pregnant buffaloes decreased markedly from that of 8–9 month pregnant (P< 0·001). At 1 month post-partum, T3 rose to 143·4 ± 33·0 μg/100 ml which was significantly higher than that at late pregnancy (P < 0·001). The mean serum T3(RIA) of 1-month-old buffalo calves was relatively high, i.e. 281·0 ± 106·2 μg/100 ml which was significantly higher than 143·4 ± 33·0 ng/100 ml of their darn buffaloes (P < 0·001) at the same period of time.The RT3U values of 6–7 (35·9 ± 4·2%) and 8–9 (34·7 ± 2·0%) month pregnant animals were highly significantly different from 31·1 ± 3·1 % of the full-term pregnancy (P < 0·001).

EFFECT OF AMPICILLIN ADMINISTRATION ON THE EXCRETION OF TWELVE OESTROGENS IN PREGNANCY URINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Adlercreutz ◽  
F. Martin ◽  
M. J. Tikkanen ◽  
M. Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The excretion of twelve oestrogens in urine, pooled daily from a group of pregnant women, was determined before, during and after ampicillin administration (2 g/day, for 3 days). On the second day of ampicillin administration total oestrogen excretion fell to 67 % of the mean control value, oestriol excretion to 69% and that of the other eleven individual oestrogens to an average of 62 % of the mean control values. In general, on the third day of treatment and on the two post-treatment days this decrease tended to be corrected. The patterns of change in the urinary levels of the individual metabolites provided no clear lead to the basic mechanism of ampicillin impairment of oestrogen excretion. However, as the drug affected all their excretion in more or less the same way as it did that of oestriol, it is possible that ampicillin interferes primarily with their enterohepatic circulation in the mother as has been established with reasonable certainty in the case of oestriol.

The female urogenital system of Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia).

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
RI Kean ◽  
RG Marryatt ◽  
ALK Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Vaginal Canal ◽  
In Pregnancy

This paper is based on measurements from 1000 female specimens. In a stable population, summer anoestrus was followed by oestrus in April-May. Post-partum oestrus did not occur. Juvenile females frequently came into oestrus at 12 months of age but they did not necessarily rear young. The septum which initially divides the vaginal sac is usually perforated shortly before sexual maturity is attained, but entire septa may be found in females of any age. The sac in trapped, wild animals is greatly enlarged during oestrus but it is small and apparently functionless during parturition. Formation of the median vaginal canal is commenced early in pregnancy. The median canal is usually unlined, but in some specimens (5 of 68) the canal carried a well-developed epithelium which was columnar anteriorly and stratified squamous posteriorly. The two types of lining originate as infundibula extending from the vaginal sac and the urogenital sinus respectively. The epithelium appears to organize canal formation, but it is not required in a protective capacity, and no evidence suggests that it facilitates parturition. Omission of the epithelium seems to be an evolutionary advance and, in the usual absence of median canal lining, canal organization is probably relegated to terminal epithelia of the median sac and the urogenital sinus. The lateral canals open widely during oestrus, providing for transmission of semen. During pregnancy they become constricted or sealed posteriorly, and are usually closed during dioestrus and anoestrus, separating the reproductive system from the urinary one. In principle, the lateral canals and the median canal are similar in their initiation (both types originating from evaginations of anterior and posterior epithelia) but their development differs through heterochrony, formation of the median canal being retarded. However, the canals differ also in their reactions during late pregnancy when the lateral canals close as the median one opens.

The Influence of Orthophosphate on the Renal Handling of Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Man and Dog

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. G. Russell ◽  
Sylvia Bisaz ◽  
H. Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. The urinary excretion of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP1), a known inhibitor of the growth and aggregation of crystals of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, increases after ingestion of orthophosphate (P1). This effect may contribute to the apparent ability of oral phosphate to reduce the formation of urinary stones in man. This paper is a study of the mechanism by which P1 increases PP1 excretion, investigated by renal clearance techniques in man and renal arterial infusion in dogs. PP1 in plasma was measured by an isotope-dilution method after ion-exchange chromatography. 2. The mean renal clearance of endogenous PP1 in ten men was 7·9 ± 1·7 (se) ml/min, and the mean ratio of PP1 clearance to creatinine clearance was 008 ±002 (se). The oral ingestion of P1 increased the urinary excretion and renal clearance of PP1 about threefold, without significantly changing its concentration in plasma. 3. In dogs, the infusion of P1 into one renal artery caused a greater increase in urinary PP1 from the infused than from the non-infused kidney, an effect that could be accentuated by simultaneous intravenous infusion of PP1. In dogs, only 1–3% of an injected or infused dose of PP1 appeared intact in the urine, regardless of whether it was infused into the systemic or renal circulation. 4. These results suggest that P1 has a direct effect on the kidney to increase the excretion of PP1. It is possible that P1 either interferes with tubular reabsorption of PP1, perhaps by competing for a common tubular transport mechanism, or that P1 diminishes the intrarenal hydrolysis of PP1.

Cervical Collagen Network Remodeling in Normal and Disrupted Parturition Mouse Models

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Yoshida ◽  
Claire Reeves ◽  
MiJung Kim ◽  
Jan Kitajewski ◽  
Joy Vink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Collagen Network ◽  
Fixed Charge Density ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mechanical Barrier ◽  
In Pregnancy

The cervix plays an important role in pregnancy as a mechanical barrier to prevent preterm birth (PTB). The material strength of the cervix can be attributed to its extracellular matrix (ECM), a network of cross-linked collagens (types I and III) embedded within a viscous matrix of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). GAGs are negatively charged polysaccharides that provide a fixed charge density (FCD) within the tissue to maintain hydration. Throughout gestation, the ECM of the cervix undergoes a remodeling process characterized by three stages: gradual softening in early pregnancy, a rapid increase in tissue distensibility termed ripening in late pregnancy, and repair at post partum 1. As the cervix softens and ripens, mature collagen cross-links break down while GAG content increases 2,3. Previous research has shown that these changes in collagen and GAGs correlate to a mechanically softer cervix at term 4.

scholarly journals P256 Reproductive health outcomes in women with PsA

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Murray ◽  
Louise Moore ◽  
Francis Young ◽  
Fionnuala McAulliffe ◽  
Douglas J Veale
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
National Average ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
European League Against Rheumatism ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Oral Steroids ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background There is quality data showing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) improves in pregnancy and flares postpartum and that active disease is associated with adverse foetal outcomes. For psoriatic arthritis (PsA), the data is less clear, with previous studies giving contrasting results. We prospectively monitored disease control, maternal and foetal outcomes in women with PsA attending our multidisciplinary service. Methods Age, medications, disease control, maternal and foetal outcomes were reviewed and descripitive statistics applied. Results 14 patients were reviewed. 12 became pregnant. There were 20 pregnancies in total. Eight patients had 1 pregnancy. Two patients had 3 pregnancies, 1 patient was pregnant twice and 1 patient had 4 pregnancies and is currently pregnant. Two patients failed to become pregnant. There were 13 live births (one set of twins), 7 vaginal deliveries and 5 Caesarean sections. There were 6 intrauterine deaths (4 1st trimester, 2 2nd trimester). Two patients had postpartum complications (grade 4 vaginal tear and Caesarean wound infection). Mean foetal birth weight was 3.54kg (national average 3.49kg). 8 infants (55%) were breastfeeding at 6 weeks (national average 62%). 14 patients were on a DMARD (including oral steroids) in pregnancy. There were 8 pregnancies on a bDMARD alone, one on a bDMARD plus prednisolone. The bDMARDs used were certolizumab (five times), adalimumab (twice), infliximab (once) and etanercept (once). Two patients were on prednisolone alone. One patient on sulfasalazine plus prednisolone. One pregnancy on sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine, 1 on sulfasalazine alone. Two patients were on NSAIDs. Disease activity was measured using DAS28-CRP 3 as this is validated for use in RA during pregnancy. Overall, the mean disease activity scores decreased during pregnancy and increased postpartum. After applying the European League Against Rheumatism-defined response criteria disease activity, almost half of the women had at least a moderate response during pregnancy and more than one-third had at least a moderate flare post partum, particularly at 6 weeks. The postpartum flare may be underestimated as medication use was remarkably increased after delivery. At 6 weeks, in five cases the bDMARD therapies had already been restarted. In two cases, the patients missed this appointment. One patient was started on methotrexate at their 6-week review. Conclusion Disease activity generally improved during pregnancy and flared postpartum. Miscarriage rates were higher than the general population (32% v 20%). Birth weights and breastfeeding rates at six weeks were similar. Disclosures K. Murray None. L. Moore None. F. Young None. F. McAulliffe None. D. Veale None.

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