Functional response of Amblyseius andersoni and Neoseiulus neoreticuloides (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to adults of the wolfberry gall mite Aceria pallida (Acari: Eriophyoidae)

The gall mite, Aceria pallida Keifer (Acari: Eriophyoidae) is an economically important pest of wolfberry Lycium barbarum L. and can cause significant losses to plant production. Two species of phytoseiid predatory mites, Amblyseius andersoni Chant and Neoseiulus neoreticuloides Liang & Hu were found on L. barbarum in Bayan Nur city, Inner Mongolia, China. We assessed the potential of these two phytoseiid species as biological control agents against A. pallida, using functional response experiments with seven prey densities (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 adults of A. pallida) on a wolfberry leaf under 25ºC ± 1ºC, 60% ± 5% RH and a 16:8 h (L:D) photoperiod. Overall, the predation of both species increased with increase in prey density. The consumption of A. andersoni female was significantly greater than that of conspecific males and N. neoreticuloides female at high prey densities. Both phytoseiid species displayed a type II functional response to A. pallida. Female A. andersoni had a higher attack rate (5.961) and a shorter handling time (0.014 d) than male A. andersoni (1.619; 0.019 d) and female N. neoreticuloides (0.719; 0.023 d). The maximum attack rate (T/Th) was estimated to be 71.43 and 52.63 for female and male A. andersoni, respectively, while it was 43.48 for female N. neoreticuloides. Both female and male A. andersoni consistently consumed significantly more prey than N. neoreticuloides across all densities of A. pallida adults.

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Evaluation of the functional response of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) larvae feeding on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)(Homoptera: Aphididae) in laboratory

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.9.2.220-228 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 220-228

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Functional Response ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Handling Time ◽

Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽

Chrysoperla Carnea ◽

Nymphal Instar ◽

Predator Satiation ◽

Cabbage Aphid ◽

The Stability ◽

Type Ii Functional Response

This study evaluated the functional response of the larva of the predator Chrysoperla carnea by offering varying densities of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) . Results showed conformity with type–II functional response, where the number of prey killed approaches asymptote hyperbolically as prey density increases (declining proportion of prey killed or the inverse density dependent) till it reached the stability stage determined by handling time and predator satiation. Also, the values of attack rate and handling time changed with age progress for both predator and prey. It has been observed an increase in the attack rate and reduction in handling time with the progress of the predator age when feeding on a particular nymphal instar. The attack rates of the predator was 1.779,3.406 and 4.219 ,while handling time was 0.015,0.010 and 0.008 (days) for 1st,2nd,3rd larval instars respectively, when fed on 1st nymphal instar. Also attack rates decreased and increases handling time with the progress in the prey. The attack rates were 1.779, 1.392, 1.096 and 1.059, due to an increase in size of the predator and in the growing efficiency in hunting the prey as well as in the increase in size of the prey and in developing its ability to defend itself and escape.

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Laboratory measurement of the functional and numerical responses of the predaceous mite, Typhlodromus (T.) setubali to Panonychus ulmi (Phytoseiidae: Tetranychidae)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37488/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Said OUASSAT ◽

Latifa Allam

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Functional Response ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Prey Density ◽

Handling Time ◽

Panonychus Ulmi ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Red Spider Mite ◽

Predaceous Mite ◽

Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract Background The functional response of a predator is one of the fundamental methods in ecological studies. Typhlodromus (T.) setubali (Dosse) is an indigenous predaceous mite recently re-described in Morocco. It was reported on various crops around the Mediterranean basin. This study aims to assess the functional response of T. (T.) setubali to the densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 immature stages of Panonychus ulmi under the controlled conditions of 26 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5 % RH and 16:8 h L: D photoperiod. The logistic regression was used to determine the functional response and the oviposition activity of predator females was followed to evaluate the numerical response. Thereafter, both parameters (the attack rate (α) and handling time (Th)) were estimated and the results were entirely discussed. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed a Holling type II functional response, indicating that the number of P. ulmi killed by T. (T.) setubali females increased as the prey density increased. The values of attack rate (α) and handling time (Th) were 0.029 prey/ day and 0.573 prey, respectively. The oviposition of females increased above the prey density of 6.54 mites/cm2 and the highest value (m) was 1.86 eggs/ day. Finally, the prey density needed to achieve half the maximum response (n) was estimated to be 2.15 prey.Conclusions The functional response analysis is one of the most rigorous methods for understanding the ecophysiology of a predator. The proportions of prey consumed by T. (T.) setubali were higher at lower densities for P. ulmi immatures, implying that T. (T.) setubali should be more effective at suppressing the red spider mite populations at lower densities. Further laboratory-based studies are needed to draw biological conclusions.

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Use of Functional Response Modeling to Evaluate the Effect of Temperature on Predation of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Adults Preying on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) Nymphs

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toab171 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Azadeh Farazmand ◽

Masood Amir-Maafi

Keyword(s):

Functional Response ◽

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Handling Time ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Temperature Threshold ◽

Amblyseius Swirskii ◽

Functional Responses ◽

Wide Range

Abstract In this research, functional responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot preying on different Tetranychus urticae Koch nymphal densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) were studied at eight constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C) in a circular Petri dish (3-cm diameter × 1-cm height) under lab conditions. At all temperatures, the logistic regression showed a type II functional response. A nonlinear relationship was found between temperature and attack rate and the reciprocal of handling time. The reciprocal of handling time decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. In contrast, the attack rate grew rapidly with increasing temperatures up to an optimum, showing a decreasing trend at higher temperatures. In order to quantify the functional response of A. swirskii over a broad range of temperatures and to gain a better estimation of attack rate and handling time, a temperature-settled functional response equation was suited to our data. Our model showed that the number of prey consumed increased with rising prey density. Also, the predation rates increased with increasing temperatures but decreased at extremely high temperatures. Based on our model, the predation rate begins at the lower temperature threshold (11.73°C) and reaches its peak at upper temperature threshold (29.43°C). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the random predator model was 0.99 for all temperatures. The capability of A. swirskii to search and consume T. urticae over a wide range of temperatures makes it a good agent for natural control of T. urticae in greenhouses.

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PREFERENSI DAN TANGGAP FUNGSIONAL PARASITOID HEMIPTARSENUS VARICORNIS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PADA LARVA LALAT PENGOROK DAUN KENTANG

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.1915-21 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Hidrayani Hidrayani ◽

Aunu Rauf ◽

S. Sosromarsono ◽

U. Kartosuwondo

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Functional Response ◽

Preference Test ◽

Handling Time ◽

Equation Model ◽

Type Ii ◽

Female Parasitoid ◽

Host Abundance ◽

Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽

Type Ii Functional Response

The preference and functional response of Parasitoid Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) on host larvae of potato leafminers. The preference of Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) on host larvae of potato leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and their functional response on host abundance were studied in laboratory. The preference test was conducted by releasing a female parasitoid in a cage containing two redbean leaves, one with 2nd instar and another one with 3rd instar. The functional response test was conducted by providing 3rd instar with density 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 13 larvae per leaf. The result showed that H. varicornis had the preference on 3rd instar larvae compared to 2nd instar, either for parasitisation or paralysis. Based on logistic regression analysis it was found that the parasitoid showed type II functional response on the increase of host abundance. The searching rate (a) and handling time (Th) for paralysis were 0.038 and 1.473 based on disk equation model, and 0.076 and 2.060 on ramdom equation model. For parasitisation activity, the value of a and Th were 0.012 and 4.649 based on disk equation model, and 0.014 and 5.075 on random equation model.

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Functional response in coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is modified by prey-density experience

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2021.59 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

Author(s):

Desh Deepak Chaudhary ◽

Bhupendra Kumar ◽

Geetanjali Mishra ◽

Omkar

Keyword(s):

Functional Response ◽

Prey Density ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Handling Time ◽

Control Agent ◽

Type Ii ◽

Response Curves ◽

Late Instar ◽

Rearing Density ◽

Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract In the present study, we assessed functional response curves of two generalist coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), specifically Menochilus sexmaculatus and Propylea dissecta, using fluctuating densities of aphid prey as a stimulus. In what may be the first such study, we investigated how the prey density experienced during the early larval development of these two predatory beetle species shaped the functional response curves of the late instar–larval and adult stages. The predators were switched from their rearing prey-density environments of scarce, optimal, or abundant prey to five testing density environments of extremely scarce, scarce, suboptimal, optimal, or abundant prey. The individuals of M. sexmaculatus that were reared on either scarce- and optimal- or abundant-prey densities exhibited type II functional response curves as both larvae and adults. However, individuals of P. dissecta that were reared on scarce- and abundant-prey densities displayed modified type II functional response curves as larvae and type II functional response curves as adults. In contrast, individuals of P. dissecta reared on the optimal-prey density displayed type II functional response curves as larvae and modified type II functional response curves as adults. The fourth-instar larvae and adult females of M. sexmaculatus and P. dissecta also exhibited highest prey consumption (T/Th) and shortest prey-handling time (Th) on the scarce-prey rearing density. Thus, under fluctuating-prey conditions, M. sexmaculatus is a better biological control agent of aphids than P. dissecta is.

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Functional response of Cydnodromus picanus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v66n2.55054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Víctor Ernesto Tello Mercado ◽

Miguel Esteban Zarzar Maza ◽

Angélica María Suarez Pantoja

Keyword(s):

Functional Response ◽

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Handling Time ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

65 H ◽

Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽

Range Of Variation ◽

Average Consumption ◽

Type Ii Functional Response

The functional response of adult females of predatory mite Cydnodromus picanus Ragusa (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was evaluated at different egg densities (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100 and 150 eggs per predator) of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), which had 16, 42 and 65 h since oviposition. The experimental design was in a completely randomized blocks with five replicates per treatment. The environmental conditions of the trials were 25±2°C temperature, 50±2% of relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (light: dark). The average consumption rates for the three kinds of prey showed no significant differences (p>0.05) being 20.56±1.02, 18.59±0.79 and 18.38±0.94 prey/predator for eggs of 16, 42 and 65 h age, respectively. Using a logistic regression, a type II functional response on C. picanus females for the three kinds of eggs was determined. The values of response parameters for C. picanus females were as follows: Attack rate (a): 0.055±0.006, 0.076±0.009 and 0.073±0.016; Handling time (Th): 0.684±0.036, 0.894±0.034 and 0.898±0.062; for eggs of 16, 42 and 65 h age, respectively. These values are within the range of variation for different species of phytoseiids. These results suggest that C. picanus could effectively regulate populations of T. urticae in the field.

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Functional Response of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Larvae on Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae): Implications for Biological Control

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101511 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1511

Author(s):

Abdelkader Meni Mahzoum ◽

María Villa ◽

Jacinto Benhadi-Marín ◽

José Alberto Pereira

Keyword(s):

Functional Response ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Larval Instar ◽

Food Resource ◽

Handling Time ◽

Scale Insects ◽

Chrysoperla Carnea ◽

Larval Stages ◽

The Third ◽

Saissetia Oleae

Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a voracious predator of soft-bodied insects such as juveniles of scale insects and the black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is an important pest of several crops, such as the olive tree. However, the predatory efficiency of C. carnea on S. oleae has been unstudied yet. The present work aimed to study the functional response of larvae of C. carnea fed on S. oleae nymphs. In a controlled laboratory environment, increasing densities of S. oleae second and third nymph stages were offered to newly emerged specimens of the three larvae instars of C. carnea. After 24 h, the number of killed S. oleae was recorded and the functional response of C. carnea was assessed. The three larval stages of C. carnea displayed a type-II functional response, i.e., killed prey increased with higher S. oleae densities up to a maximum limited by the handling time. The attack rate did not significantly differ among the three instars while the maximum attack rate was significantly higher for the third instar. The handling time of the first larval instar of C. carnea was higher than that of the third instar. Our results demonstrated that S. oleae could act as a food resource for all larval stages of C. carnea. Furthermore, the third larval stage of the predator was the most efficient in reducing S. oleae densities. These results suggest that C. carnea larvae could contribute to S. oleae control in sustainable agriculture.

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Effects of buprofezin and imidacloprid on the functional response of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/64/2012-pps ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 145-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. Sohrabi ◽

P. Shishehbor ◽

M. Saber ◽

M.S. Mosaddegh

Keyword(s):

Functional Response ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Handling Time ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Iii ◽

Eretmocerus Mundus

Eretmocerus mundus Mercet is one of the key natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). In this study, the sublethal effects of LC25 of imidacloprid and field-recommended concentration of buprofezin on the functional response of E. mundus to different densities of second instar B. tabaci nymphs were evaluated. The results revealed a type III functional response in the control and imidacloprid treatment. The type III functional response was altered into a type II by buprofezin. Although imidacloprid did not alter the type of functional response of E. mundus compared to the control, it negatively affected the handling time and maximum attack rate of the parasitoid. Therefore, the use of this insecticide should be evaluated carefully in IPM programs.

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Functional response of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Eotetranychus frosti (Tetranychidae) and Cenopalpus irani (Tenuipalpidae)

Acarologia ◽

10.24349/acarologia/20204359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 30-39

Author(s):

Fereshteh Bazgir ◽

Jahanshir Shakarami ◽

Shahriar Jafari

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Functional Response ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Handling Time ◽

Rate Coefficients ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Amblyseius Swirskii ◽

Functional Responses ◽

Phytoseiid Mites

Eotetranychus frosti and Cenopalpus irani Dosse are pests of apple trees that are widely distributed in apple orchards in Iran. The functional responses and predation rates of Amblyseius swirskii, one of the most commonly utilized phytoseiid mites for biological control, on these two pests were evaluated at 25 ± 1 °C, with 16:8 h L: D, and a relative humidity of 60 ± 10 % on apple leaves. The results of predation rate experiments on the two prey species indicated that the predator consumed significantly more eggs than larvae and protonymphs whereas consumption of deutonymphs were very rare. Likewise, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that A. swirskii exhibited a Type II functional response on all immature stages of E. frosti and C. irani. Handling time (Th) increased as prey size enlarged; the lowest handling times were determined as 0.4858 and 0.3819 h on eggs of E. frosti and C. irani, respectively, whereas the highest were found to be 1.4007 and 1.0190 h on deutonymphs, respectively. Amblyseius swirskii had the higher attack rate coefficient (α) on immature stages of C. irani than E. frosti. Attack rate coefficients (α) varied significantly between life stages of both pests with the highest attack rate obtained on eggs, followed by larvae, protonymphs, and deutonymphs. Results of this study suggest that A. swirskii could be a highly efficient biological control agent of E. frosti and C. irani at least at low prey densities.

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Functional and numerical responses of Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to different biological stages of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae)*

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.26.8.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

İsmail Döker ◽

Kemal Yalcin ◽

Kamil Karut ◽

Cengiz Kazak

Keyword(s):

Functional Response ◽

Prey Density ◽

Handling Time ◽

Predatory Mite ◽

Type Ii ◽

Adult Males ◽

Response Curves ◽

Iphiseius Degenerans ◽

Eggs And Larvae ◽

Type Ii Functional Response

Functional and numerical responses of the predatory mite, Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to four different biological stages (egg, larva, protonymph and adult male) of the citrus brown mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae) were determined under laboratory conditions. In the experiments, six different prey densities (5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80) for each biological stage of the prey were provided to the predatory mite for 24 hours. Results showed that the proportion of prey consumption of I. degenerans decelerated with increasing prey densities of all biological stages of the prey. Logistic regression analysis indicated that I. degenerans showed a Type II functional response regardless of prey stage. The attack rate (α) and the handling time (Th) varied based on the biological stages. The highest α (1.596) and the lowest Th (0.014) values were determined when the predator fed on adult males and larvae of E. orientalis, respectively. The numerical response curves were similar to those of Type II functional response. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) of female I. degenerans decreased on all biological stages when prey density increased. The highest and the lowest average daily mean number of eggs laid by I. degenerans were found as 0.45 and 1.90 when it fed on eggs and larvae of its prey, respectively. According to the results, I. degenerans has a potential to be used as a predator in biological control of E. orientalis.

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