scholarly journals Shortcomings in Current Practices for Decision-Making Process and Contaminated Sites Remediation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Naseri Rad ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Current Practices

Best Practices and Methods in Hydrocarbon Resource Estimation, Production and Emissions Forecasting, Uncertainty Evaluation, and Decision Making

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Jonkman ◽  
C.F.M. Bos ◽  
J.N. Breunese ◽  
D.T.K. Morgan ◽  
J.A. Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Uncertainty Evaluation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Resource Estimation ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Hydrocarbon Resource ◽  
Current Practices

Summary On behalf of a group of sponsors consisting of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) and most E&P companies active in Norway, a work group was established to author a report on the best practices and methods in hydrocarbon resource estimation, production and emissions forecasting, uncertainty evaluation, and decision making. The work group is part of Norway's forum for Forecasting and Uncertainty evaluatioN (FUN). Following a detailed data acquisition and interviewing phase used to establish an inventory of the current practice of all sponsors involved, the work group postulated a relationship between a company's practices and its economic performance. A key distinguishing factor between companies is the degree to which probabilistic methods are adopted in integrated multidisciplinary processes aimed at supporting the decision-making process throughout the asset life cycle and portfolio of assets. Companies have been ranked in terms of this degree of integration, and best practices are recommended. In many companies, a gap seems to exist between available and applied technology. Data and (aggregated) information exchange between governments and companies is also discussed. A best practice based on their respective decision-making processes is recommended. Introduction FUN1 was established in 1997 and has 18 member companies, in addition to NPD. The forum is a Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) arena used to determine best practices and methods for hydrocarbon resource and emissions estimation, forecasting uncertainty evaluation, and decision making. It focuses on matters related to forecasting and uncertainty evaluation of future oil and gas production. Its main purpose is to optimize the interplay between the private industry and the national authorities wishing to regulate their national assets. The basic question that began the FUN Best Practices project was whether the accuracy of Norway's historical production forecasts has been disappointing because of erroneous contributions from the companies or because of wrong aggregation by NPD. Which best practices could improve this situation? Whereas reserves form the basis for production, capital expenditures, operating expenditures, and emissions forecasting, the decision-making process in the various companies and national authorities links the various components together. Using the latest guidelines created by SPE, the World Petroleum Congresses (WPC), and the American Assn. Of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)2 for reserves reporting (allowing the use of probabilistic methods), the project concentrated on assessing the potential advantages of probabilistic techniques when used in combination with fully integrated asset management workflow processes. After a discussion of the current practices of the various companies and authorities visited, best practices are formulated in the fields of estimating reserves, production, costs and emissions forecasting, decision making, planning, and communications. The paper concludes with recommendations on how to move from the current practices to the desired best practices. Methodology of the Study The methodology used by the FUN Best Practices Team involved a series of interviews with:The Norwegian Operating Units of the oil companies sponsoring the project to obtain their views on the current practices.The Norwegian authorities.The headquarters of several major oil companies to obtain their views on best practices in production and emissions forecasting and decision making.Government officials in other major oil- or gas-producing countries to learn from their experiences. The interview comments were analyzed, and a set of best practices was formulated. A project currently in progress concentrates on disseminating the best practices through workshops and elearning combined with classical training courses. Current Practices Reserves Estimation. All companies trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) use the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reporting standards, which are encumbered with anomalies as to changes in (end-year) oil prices, novel contracts (production sharing), and a modification for North Sea fields (by exception). They are difficult to change because such changes would have consequences for financial reporting by means of the (unit of production) depreciation of capital assets by the oil companies. Most companies adhere to the SEC rules for reporting proved reserves as a single, deterministic number. Commonly, however, probabilistic methods are used internally; only recently did a few governments start to ask for probabilistic reserves reporting from the companies. In response, SPE, WPC, and AAPG have formulated guidelines that include the option for probabilistic reserves reporting. The standard adopted by NPD3 relates reserves to their maturity and is, with a few minor modifications, eminently suitable to be linked with business processes, as is done internally by several oil companies. It appears that, for a number of companies, the NPD classification is not too different from the systems used internally, which are indeed linked, in some cases, to a business process. For some companies with simpler classifications, additional work will be required to comply with the NPD standards. In Table 1, the various standard classifications and those used by the companies are compared.

scholarly journals From liability to opportunity: An institutional approach towards value-based land remediation

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Plant ◽  
Spike Boydell ◽  
Jason Prior ◽  
Joanne Chong ◽  
Aleta Lederwasch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Stakeholder Dialogue ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Different Types

The remediation of contaminated sites impacts on stakeholders in potentially beneficial ways, yet stakeholder dialogue has historically been focussed on costs, risk, liability, stigma, and other negatives. Shedding light on stakeholders’ remediation values can help reform remediation policy towards more positive outcomes of site clean-up. We adopt institutional theory to elicit plural motivations and cognitive assumptions as embedded in stakeholders’ expressions of remediation values, objectives, and outcomes. We explore in four case studies with varying size, complexity, cultural diversity, and geographical location (three in Australia, one in Fiji) how remediation values operate within remediation decisions. Our findings suggest that more than economic costs, liability, and risks are at play in decision-making on contaminated land. Our research confirmed that different socio-ethical, environmental and sustainability values are evaluated differently by different types of actors (site owners, regulators, auditors, residents, local government, consultants). We found that remediation values often shift in the course of a remediation decision-making process, suggesting learning and improved understanding. Remediation policy that better facilitates and aligns stakeholders’ articulations of initial and emergent outcomes sought from site clean-up is likely to enhance both economic and social value outcomes of remediation. Further research is needed on how remediation policy could better incorporate remediation value dynamics in stakeholder consultation and engagement.

RAYMOND J. CHAMBERS' CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING THOUGHT

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmalik A. Al-Hogail ◽  
Gary J. Previts
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Important Contributor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Practices

Raymond J. Chambers was an internationally recognized scholar, influential theorist, as well as an important contributor to the study of the history of accounting thought. He was an advocate of the needs of financial statement users. He investigated what users, not accountants, considered important and what in fact was relevant to their decision-making. He challenged existing theoretical propositions which he believed were only rationalization of current practices. He argued that the lack of a rigorously developed theory of accounting led to contradictory and less relevant accounting practices. In his theory of continuously contemporary accounting (CoCoA), he demonstrated with logic and evidence that only an accounting system based on market selling prices is relevant to users' evaluation and decision-making process. Chambers dedicated a significant amount of his most recent work to his Thesaurus [1995] and to the origins and developments of conventional accounting. He endeavored to refute the widely held assumption that cost-based accounting is a superior rule. Besides launching Abacus in 1965, his works, Accounting, Evaluation and Economic Behavior [1966] and An Accounting Thesaurus [1995] are among Chambers' notable contributions to the accounting literature.

scholarly journals The Landscape of Ontology Reuse Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Anita Carriero ◽  
Marilena Daquino ◽  
Aldo Gangemi ◽  
Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese ◽  
Silvio Peroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Knowledge Reuse ◽  
Ontology Reuse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Case Decisions ◽  
Current Practices

Ontology reuse aims to foster interoperability and facilitate knowledge reuse. Several approaches are typically evaluated by ontology engineers when bootstrapping a new project. However, current practices are often motivated by subjective, case-by-case decisions, which hamper the definition of a recommended behaviour. In this chapter we argue that to date there are no effective solutions for supporting developers’ decision-making process when deciding on an ontology reuse strategy. The objective is twofold: (i) to survey current approaches to ontology reuse, presenting motivations, strategies, benefits and limits, and (ii) to analyse two representative approaches and discuss their merits.

AAC Decision-Making and Mobile Technology: Points to Ponder

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Abbott ◽  
Debby McBride
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Ipod Touch ◽  
Feature Match

The purpose of this article is to outline a decision-making process and highlight which portions of the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation process deserve special attention when deciding which features are required for a communication system in order to provide optimal benefit for the user. The clinician then will be able to use a feature-match approach as part of the decision-making process to determine whether mobile technology or a dedicated device is the best choice for communication. The term mobile technology will be used to describe off-the-shelf, commercially available, tablet-style devices like an iPhone®, iPod Touch®, iPad®, and Android® or Windows® tablet.

Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Azza Charara Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slow Progress

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!

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