Diffractive microlenses with antireflection coatings fabricated by thin film deposition

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Pawlowski
MRS Bulletin ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Messier

Thin film materials pervade our everyday life as transparent conductors in LCD watches and computer displays and in defrosters for automobiles... antireflection coatings for camera lenses… optical fibers for communication … architectural glass coatings for both color and energy efficiency… solar cells… decorative coatings on plastics such as for toys and automobiles parts… a whole host of electronic and optoelectronic devices… hard coatings for cutting tools, drill bits, and bearings … even metallic coatings inside potato chip bags to keep the chips crisp!Without thin films our lifestyles would be drastically different. And this trend toward increased use of thin film technology will only continue.The varied reasons for using thin films and the specific deposition processes for preparing them are often complex; but usually relate to function, cost, beauty, materials and energy efficiency, and performance. In addition to technological applications, scientists are finding thin films to be an invaluable tool for investigating new physical phenomena, even at the quantum level. For instance, two of the most important new materials—high temperature ceramic superconductors and diamond coatings — are currently being made by several thin film deposition processes in order to explore both their scientific and technological potential.Just 25 years ago the variety of deposition processes for preparing thin films was quite limited. Thin film scientists and technologists had at their disposal electrodeposition, elementary chemical vapor deposition, evaporation, and dc sputtering. Commercial equipment for electron-beam evaporation, a mainstay in the optical coatings industry, was just being developed. Most of the deposition processes reviewed in this and next month's MRS BULLETIN were either not commercially available or were not even conceived of then.


Author(s):  
M. Grant Norton ◽  
C. Barry Carter

Pulsed-laser ablation has been widely used to produce high-quality thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-δ on a range of substrate materials. The nonequilibrium nature of the process allows congruent deposition of oxides with complex stoichiometrics. In the high power density regime produced by the UV excimer lasers the ablated species includes a mixture of neutral atoms, molecules and ions. All these species play an important role in thin-film deposition. However, changes in the deposition parameters have been shown to affect the microstructure of thin YBa2Cu3O7-δ films. The formation of metastable configurations is possible because at the low substrate temperatures used, only shortrange rearrangement on the substrate surface can occur. The parameters associated directly with the laser ablation process, those determining the nature of the process, e g. thermal or nonthermal volatilization, have been classified as ‘primary parameters'. Other parameters may also affect the microstructure of the thin film. In this paper, the effects of these ‘secondary parameters' on the microstructure of YBa2Cu3O7-δ films will be discussed. Examples of 'secondary parameters' include the substrate temperature and the oxygen partial pressure during deposition.


Author(s):  
E. L. Hall ◽  
A. Mogro-Campero ◽  
L. G. Turner ◽  
N. Lewis

There is great interest in the growth of thin superconducting films of YBa2Cu3Ox on silicon, since this is a necessary first step in the use of this superconductor in a variety of possible electronic applications including interconnects and hybrid semiconductor/superconductor devices. However, initial experiments in this area showed that drastic interdiffusion of Si into the superconductor occurred during annealing if the Y-Ba-Cu-O was deposited direcdy on Si or SiO2, and this interdiffusion destroyed the superconducting properties. This paper describes the results of the use of a zirconia buffer layer as a diffusion barrier in the growth of thin YBa2Cu3Ox films on Si. A more complete description of the growth and characterization of these films will be published elsewhere.Thin film deposition was carried out by sequential electron beam evaporation in vacuum onto clean or oxidized single crystal Si wafers. The first layer evaporated was 0.4 μm of zirconia.


2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR3) ◽  
pp. Pr3-553-Pr3-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhuang ◽  
L. J. Charneski ◽  
D. R. Evans ◽  
S. T. Hsu ◽  
Z. Tang ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Stephen R. Forrest

Organic electronics is a platform for very low cost and high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices that cover large areas, are lightweight, and can be both flexible and conformable to irregularly shaped surfaces such as foldable smart phones. Organics are at the core of the global organic light emitting device (OLED) display industry, and also having use in efficient lighting sources, solar cells, and thin film transistors useful in medical and a range of other sensing, memory and logic applications. This book introduces the theoretical foundations and practical realization of devices in organic electronics. It is a product of both one and two semester courses that have been taught over a period of more than two decades. The target audiences are students at all levels of graduate studies, highly motivated senior undergraduates, and practicing engineers and scientists. The book is divided into two sections. Part I, Foundations, lays down the fundamental principles of the field of organic electronics. It is assumed that the reader has an elementary knowledge of quantum mechanics, and electricity and magnetism. Background knowledge of organic chemistry is not required. Part II, Applications, focuses on organic electronic devices. It begins with a discussion of organic thin film deposition and patterning, followed by chapters on organic light emitters, detectors, and thin film transistors. The last chapter describes several devices and phenomena that are not covered in the previous chapters, since they lie outside of the current mainstream of the field, but are nevertheless important.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 6948-6955
Author(s):  
Mustafa Özgür ◽  
Suat Pat ◽  
Reza Mohammadigharehbagh ◽  
Uğur Demirkol ◽  
Nihan Akkurt ◽  
...  

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Winter ◽  
F. Waelbroeck ◽  
P. Weinhold ◽  
H. G. Esser ◽  
J. von Seggern ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Brueckl ◽  
Astrit Shoshi ◽  
Stefan Schrittwieser ◽  
Barbara Schmid ◽  
Pia Schneeweiss ◽  
...  

AbstractMultifunctional nanoparticles are discussed as versatile probes for homogeneous immunoassays for in-vitro diagnostics. Top-down fabrication allows to combine and tailor magnetic and plasmonic anisotropic properties. The combination of nanoimprint lithography, thin film deposition, and lift-off processing provides a top-down fabrication platform, which is both flexible and reliable. Here, we discuss the material compositions and geometrical designs of monodisperse multicomponent nanoparticles and their consequences on optical and magnetic properties. The rotational hydrodynamics of nanoparticles is measured and considered under the influence of magnetic shape anisotropy in the framework of the Stoner-Wohlfarth theory. The plasmon-optical properties are explained by discrete-dipole finite-element simulations. Rotational dynamical measurements of imprinted nanoprobes for two test proteins demonstrate the applicability as highly sensitive biomolecular nanoprobes.


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