Effect of air humidity on transformation of the spectral structure of the aerosol extinction of visible and IR radiation

The article presents the main basic laws of nature and modern theories of the nature of electromagnetic radiation, its generation, characteristics, and laws of reflection, absorption and scattering of light. The principle of transformation of the radiation spectrum of the primary source using the developed ceramic materials are shown, as well as experimental results of the interaction of IR radiation with matter and various mechanisms of influence on various objects and processes are described.

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Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.224937 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

R. S. Oliveira ◽

K. B. A. Pimentel ◽

M. L. Moura ◽

C. F. Aragão ◽

A. S. Guimarães-e-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

Relative Air Humidity ◽

Age Range ◽

And Control

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.

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Effect of Fluctuation of Intensity and Spectral Structure of Light on the Growth and Energetics of Young Fish

Hydrobiological Journal ◽

10.1615/hydrobj.v39.i2.110 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 95-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. S. Konstantinov ◽

V. S. Vechkanov ◽

V. A. Kuznetsov ◽

A. B. Ruchin

Keyword(s):

Spectral Structure ◽

Young Fish

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Measuring of Air Humidity and Calibration of Psychrometer

Proceeding of Advanced Course in Measurement Techniques in Heat and MassTransfer ◽

10.1615/ichmt.1985.advcoursemeastechheatmasstransf.220 ◽

1985 ◽

Author(s):

B. Gaspersic ◽

Stojan Petelin ◽

J. Renar ◽

A. Poredos

Keyword(s):

Air Humidity

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Backside Emission Microscopy for Integrated Circuits on Heavily Doped Substrate

ISTFA 1998: Conference Proceedings from the 24th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1998p0447 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Ching-Lang Chiang ◽

Neeraj Khurana ◽

Daniel T. Hurley ◽

Ken Teasdale

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

Preparation Technique ◽

Absorption Data ◽

Ir Radiation ◽

Heavily Doped ◽

Emission Microscopy ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Emission Detection ◽

The Impact

Abstract Backside emission microscopy on heavily doped substrate materials was analyzed from the viewpoint of optical absorption by the substrate and sample preparation technique. Although it was widely believed that silicon is transparent to infrared (IR) radiation, we demonstrated by using published absorption data that silicon with doping levels above 5 x 1018cm-3 is virtually opaque, leaving only a narrow transmission window around the energy bandgap. Because the transmission depends exponentially on the thickness of die, thinning to below 100µm is shown to be required. Even an advanced IR sensor such as HgCdTe would find little light to detect without thinning the die. For imaging the circuit, an IR laser-based system produced poor images in which the diffraction patterns often ruined the contrast and obscured the image. Hence, a precise, controlled die thinning technique is required both for emission detection and backside imaging. A thinning and polishing technique was briefly described that was believed to be applicable to most ceramic packages. A software technique was employed to solve the image quality problem commonly encountered in backside imaging applications using traditional microscope light source and a scientific grade CCD camera. Finally, we showed the impact of die thickness on imaging circuits on a heavily doped n type substrate.

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PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF WAVE BREAKING CRITERIA

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b94019210f7.30842240 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sergey Kuznetsov ◽

Yana Saprykina ◽

Boris Divinskiy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Wave ◽

Wave Breaking ◽

Second Harmonic ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Breaking Waves ◽

Wave Transformation ◽

Spectral Structure ◽

Similarity Parameter ◽

Nonlinear Harmonics ◽

The Waves

On the base of experimental data it was revealed that type of wave breaking depends on wave asymmetry against the vertical axis at wave breaking point. The asymmetry of waves is defined by spectral structure of waves: by the ratio between amplitudes of first and second nonlinear harmonics and by phase shift between them. The relative position of nonlinear harmonics is defined by a stage of nonlinear wave transformation and the direction of energy transfer between the first and second harmonics. The value of amplitude of the second nonlinear harmonic in comparing with first harmonic is significantly more in waves, breaking by spilling type, than in waves breaking by plunging type. The waves, breaking by plunging type, have the crest of second harmonic shifted forward to one of the first harmonic, so the waves have "saw-tooth" shape asymmetrical to vertical axis. In the waves, breaking by spilling type, the crests of harmonic coincides and these waves are symmetric against the vertical axis. It was found that limit height of breaking waves in empirical criteria depends on type of wave breaking, spectral peak period and a relation between wave energy of main and second nonlinear wave harmonics. It also depends on surf similarity parameter defining conditions of nonlinear wave transformations above inclined bottom.

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