Activated carbon fiber has excellent structural characteristics and adsorption performance. It can effectively adsorb various inorganic and organic compounds and has good regeneration performance. Therefore, it is widely used in the market. To study the advantages of activated carbon fiber in purifying water resources, this research use application of activated carbon fiber material in purification and filtration of water filter, and the test of adsorption and filtration effect of different host materials are described. The main body and influencing factors of filtering effect are obtained. In this research, the viscose-based activated carbon fiber mats and acrylic-based activated carbon fabrics are the main research subjects, and other materials were added for coating composite research. Through a comparative study of the two materials, it has been found that carbon fiber has many advantages, such as is more economical, practical, convenient, low cost, and cost-effective, and is worthy of promotion in industry and daily life using.