TTS in Squirrel monkeys. I. Low‐frequency long duration noise

1976 ◽  
Vol 60 (S1) ◽  
pp. S87-S87
Author(s):  
J. Burnham ◽  
D. W. Nielsen ◽  
C. Talley ◽  
B. Deer
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Long Duration

Electroacupuncture at Zusanli Rescues the Enteric Neuronal Loss in the Stomach of Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hu ◽  
Fan Du ◽  
Shi Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Zusanli Acupoint

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli acupoint on the enteric neuropathy in diabetic rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into different groups depending on the total electroacupuncture span and frequency. The expression of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), and doublecortin was significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Long-term electroacupuncture at Zusanli with either high frequency or low frequency could increase the expression levels of nNOS, CHAT, PGP9.5, and doublecortin, and the increase was greater in the high-frequency group. But no obvious changes were seen in the short-term electroacupuncture groups. These results suggest that electroacupuncture at Zusanli can restore the deficiency of enteric neurons in diabetes partly but a comparative long duration of stimuli (6 weeks) is required. The increase of doublecortin may be involved in this positive process.

scholarly journals Habitual physical activity patterns in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K Malone ◽  
Freda Patterson ◽  
Laura Grunin ◽  
Gail D Melkus ◽  
Barbara Riegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Daily Frequency ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Physical inactivity is a leading determinant of noncommunicable diseases. Yet, many adults remain physically inactive. Physical activity guidelines do not account for the multidimensionality of physical activity, such as the type or variety of physical activity behaviors. This study identified patterns of physical activity across multiple dimensions (e.g., frequency, duration, and variety) using a nationally representative sample of adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical characteristics associated with each physical activity pattern were defined. Multivariate finite mixture modeling was used to identify patterns of physical activity among 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 adult National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Chi-square tests were used to identify sociodemographic differences within each physical activity cluster and test associations between the physical activity clusters with health behaviors and clinical characteristics. Five clusters of physical activity patterns were identified: (a) low frequency, short duration (n = 730, 13%); (b) low frequency, long duration (n = 392, 7%); (c) daily frequency, short duration (n = 3,011, 55%); (d) daily frequency, long duration (n = 373, 7%); and (e) high frequency, average duration (n = 964, 18%). Walking was the most common form of activity; highly active adults engaged in more varied types of activity. High-activity clusters were comprised of a greater proportion of younger, White, nonsmoking adult men reporting moderate alcohol use without mobility problems or chronic health conditions. Active females engaged in frequent short bouts of activity. Data-driven approaches are useful for identifying clusters of physical activity that encompass multiple dimensions of activity. These activity clusters vary across sociodemographic and clinical subgroups.

Carrier Envelope Phase Effect of a Long Duration Pulse in the Low Frequency Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 043202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Yu-Jun Yang ◽  
Xue-Shen Liu ◽  
Bing-Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Phase Effect ◽  
Carrier Envelope Phase ◽  
Long Duration

TTS In Squirrel monkeys to 4 kHz octave band noise of long duration

1977 ◽  
Vol 62 (S1) ◽  
pp. S95-S95
Author(s):  
D. W. Nielsen ◽  
R. G. Turner ◽  
R. Fitton ◽  
D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Long Duration

The collection of multiple saliva samples from pigs and the effect on adrenocortical activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel J. Cook ◽  
Stephanie M. Hayne ◽  
Fiona C. Rioja-Lang ◽  
Allan L. Schaefer ◽  
Harold W. Gonyou
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Multiple Samples

Cook, N. J., Hayne, S. M., Rioja-Lang, F. C., Schaefer, A. L. and Gonyou, H. W. 2013. The collection of multiple saliva samples from pigs and the effect on adrenocortical activity. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 329–333. The validity of collecting multiple saliva samples for the measurement of cortisol was tested in two sampling regimes in two weight classes of grower pigs (50 and 100 kg). The sampling regimes were a high-frequency, short-duration (HFSD) protocol involving collection of multiple samples within approximately 2 min of each other over a period 30 min. The second regime was a low-frequency, long-duration (LFLD) protocol in which samples were collected every 30 min for 3 h. Both sampling regimes were applied to individually housed pigs. The effect of repeated sampling of a focal pig on its cohorts in a group-housed pen was tested using the LFLD regime. There was no evidence of an effect of either of the sampling protocols on salivary cortisol concentrations in individually housed or group-housed pigs. There was some evidence that higher concentrations of salivary cortisol were associated with longer individual sampling durations in the HFSD regime for animals in the 50-kg weight class but not in the 100-kg weight class. The evidence from these experiments indicates that the collection of multiple saliva samples does not affect salivary cortisol concentrations in grower pigs, but that collection of individual samples in as short a time as possible would be prudent to avoid sampling effects in younger animals.

The seismic sound of deep volcanic processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cesca ◽  
Torsten Dahm ◽  
Sebastian Heimann ◽  
Martin Hensch ◽  
Jean Letort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Moho Depth ◽  
Seismic Signals ◽  
Magma Intrusion ◽  
Long Period ◽  
First Case ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Volcanic Processes ◽  
Fluid Transfer

<p>Deep volcanic processes and magma intrusion episodes through the crust are typically accompanied by a variety of seismic signals, including volcano-tectonic (VT) seismicity, very long period (VLP) signals and deep low-frequency (DLF) events. These signals can reveal the migration of magma batches and the resonance of magma reservoirs and dikes. The recent 2018-2019 unrest offshore the island of Mayotte, Comoros archipelago, represents the first case of a geophysically monitored magmatic intrusion from a deep sub-Moho reservoir through the whole crust reaching the surface. At Mayotte, a huge magma movement and the following drainage of a deep reservoir were accompanied by a complex seismic sequence, including a massive VT swarm and energetic long-duration very long period (VLP) signals recorded globally. The identification and characterization of ~7000 VTs and ~400 VLPs by applying waveforms-based seismological methods allowed us to reconst the unrest phases: early VTs, migrating upward, were driven by the ascent of a magmatic dike, and tracked its propagating from Moho depth to the seafloor, while later VTs marked the progressive failure of the reservoir’s roof, triggering its resonance and the generation of long-duration VLPs. At the Eifel, Germany, weak DLFs earthquakes have been recorded over the last decades and located along a deep channel-like structure, extending from sub-Moho depth (~40-45 km) to the upper crust (~5-10 km). While not showing any clear migration, they reveal a different way of fluid transfer from depth towards the surface, possibly marking intermediate small reservoirs along a feeding channel. Here, brittle failure occurring in the vicinity of the reservoirs may cause their resonance. The Mayotte and Eifel observations are example of end member models for deep fluid transfer processes through the crust. These examples show that, by listening to seismic signals at different distances and by analysing them with modern waveform based methods, we can provide a detailed picture of deep magmatic processes and enable future eruption early warning.</p>

scholarly journals Spontaneous Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ homeostasis in a minimal model of permeabilized ventricular myocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. H1996-H2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana M. Hartman ◽  
Eric A. Sobie ◽  
Gregory D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dwell Time ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Release Flux ◽  
Health And Disease

Many issues remain unresolved concerning how local, subcellular Ca2+ signals interact with bulk cellular concentrations to maintain homeostasis in health and disease. To aid in the interpretation of data obtained in quiescent ventricular myocytes, we present here a minimal whole cell model that accounts for both localized (subcellular) and global (cellular) aspects of Ca2+ signaling. Using a minimal formulation of the distribution of local [Ca2+] associated with a large number of Ca2+-release sites, the model simulates both random spontaneous Ca2+ sparks and the changes in myoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) [Ca2+] that result from the balance between stochastic release and reuptake into the SR. Ca2+-release sites are composed of clusters of two-state ryanodine receptors (RyRs) that exhibit activation by local cytosolic [Ca2+] but no inactivation or regulation by luminal Ca2+. Decreasing RyR open probability in the model causes a decrease in aggregate release flux and an increase in SR [Ca2+], regardless of whether RyR inhibition is mediated by a decrease in RyR open dwell time or an increase in RyR closed dwell time. The same balance of stochastic release and reuptake can be achieved, however, by either high-frequency/short-duration or low-frequency/long-duration Ca2+ sparks. The results are well correlated with recent experimental observations using pharmacological RyR inhibitors and clarify those aspects of the release-reuptake balance that are inherent to the coupling between local and global Ca2+ signals and those aspects that depend on molecular-level details. The model of Ca2+ sparks and homeostasis presented here can be a useful tool for understanding changes in cardiac Ca2+ release resulting from drugs, mutations, or acquired diseases.

Integrating distributed acoustic sensing, borehole 3C geophone array, and surface seismic array data to identify long-period long-duration seismic events during stimulation of a Marcellus Shale gas reservoir

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. SA1-SA10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Kavousi Ghahfarokhi ◽  
Thomas H. Wilson ◽  
Timothy Robert Carr ◽  
Abhash Kumar ◽  
Richard Hammack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Marcellus Shale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Seismic Array ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Distributed Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Stimulation Of

Microseismic monitoring by downhole geophones, surface seismic, fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) observations were made during the hydraulic fracture stimulation of the MIP-3H well in the Marcellus Shale in northern West Virginia. DAS and DTS data measure the fiber strain and temperature, respectively, along a fiber-optic cable cemented behind the casing of the well. The presence of long-period long-duration (LPLD) events is evaluated in the borehole geophones, DAS data, and surface seismic data of one of the MIP-3H stimulated stages. LPLD events are generally overlooked during the conventional processing of microseismic data, but they represent significant nonbrittle deformation produced during hydraulic fracture stimulation. In a single stage that was examined, 160 preexisting fractures and two faults of suboptimal orientation are noted in the image logs. We identified two low-frequency ([Formula: see text]) events of large temporal duration (tens of seconds) by comparing the surface seismic data, borehole geophone data, and DAS amplitude spectra of one of the MIP-3H stages. Spectrograms of DAS traces in time and depth reveal that the first low-frequency event might be an injection noise that has footprints on all DAS channels above the stimulated stage. However, the surface seismic array indicates an LPLD event concurrent with the first low-frequency event on DAS. The second LPLD event on DAS data and surface seismic data is related to a local deformation and does not have footprints on all DAS channels. The interpreted events have duration less than 100 s with frequencies concentrated below 10 Hz, and are accompanied by microseismic events.

Capacity of Vertical VOR Adaptation in Squirrel Monkey

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 3194-3207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hirata ◽  
J. M. Lockard ◽  
S. M. Highstein
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Vestibuloocular Reflex ◽  
Differential Adaptation ◽  
Vor Adaptation ◽  
Eye Velocity

Squirrel monkeys were trained using newly developed visual-vestibular mismatch paradigms to test the asymmetrical simultaneous induction of vertical vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain changes in opposite directions (high and low) either in the upward and downward directions or in response to high- and low-frequency stimuli. The first paradigm consists of sinusoidal head movement [ Asin(ω t)] and a full rectified sinusoidal optokinetic stimulus [±‖ A sin(ω t)‖], whereas the second paradigm consists of the sum of two sinusoids with different frequencies { A sin(ω1 t) + A sin(ω2 t) for head motion and ±[ Asin(ω1 t) − Asin(ω2 t)] for the optokinetic stimulus, ω1 = 0.1π, ω2 = 5π}. The first paradigm induced a half rectified sinusoidal eye-velocity trace, i.e., suppression of the VOR during upward head motion and enhancement during downward head motion or vise versa, whereas the second paradigm induced suppression of the VOR at the low-frequency ω1 and enhancement at the high-frequency ω2 or vise versa. After 4 h of exposure to these paradigms, VOR gains of up and down or high and low frequency were modified in opposite directions. We conclude that the monkey vertical VOR system is capable of up-down directionally differential adaptation as well as high-low frequency differential adaptation. However, experiments also suggest that these gain controls are not completely independent because the magnitudes of the gain changes during simultaneous asymmetrical training were less than those achieved by symmetrical training or training in only one of the two components, indicating an influence of the gain controls on each other. These results confine the adaptive site(s) responsible for vertical VOR motor learning to those that can process up and downward or low- and high-frequency head signal separately but not completely independently.

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