Accuracy of Pedometers and Walking Activity in Adults with Mental Retardation

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi I. Stanish
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

Walking is a common physical activity reported by individuals with mental retardation (MR). This study examined the accuracy and feasibility of pedometers for monitoring walking in 20 adults with MR. Also, step counts and distance walked were recorded for one week. Pedometer counts were highly consistent with actual step counts during normal and fast paced walking on two ground surfaces. Intraclass correlation coefficients were above .95. A t-test revealed no gender differences in walking activity. A 2 × 2 ANOVA indicated that participants with Down Syndrome (DS) accumulated significantly fewer step counts than those without DS and participants walked more on weekdays than weekends.

scholarly journals A study investigating the validity of an accelerometer in quantification of step count in adult hospital inpatients recovering from critical illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Lesley Anderson ◽  
L Samantha Yoward ◽  
Angela J Green
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Count Range ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Hospital Inpatients ◽  
Adult Hospital

Objective: To determine the validity of the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer in step count quantification when compared to observed step count in hospitalised adults recovering from critical illness. Setting: Large National Health Service (NHS) Hospitals Trust. Subjects: In total, 20 hospital ward-based adults (age: mean 62.3, SD 11.5) who had required greater than 48 hours of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Main measures: Participants walked self-selected distances and speeds as part of a semi-structured movement protocol not exceeding 3 hours. Two ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers were worn, one on the thigh and one on the ankle of the non-dominant leg. Accelerometer-recorded step counts were compared against observed step counts. Results: In total, 31 separate walking episodes were analysed. A mean (SD) of 45.87 (±19.72) steps was calculated for observed step count (range 15–90). Mean differences (95% limits of agreement) of −0.84 steps (−3.88 to 2.2) for the ankle placement and −17.7 steps (−40.63 to 5.25) for the thigh were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficients (95% confidence intervals) of 0.99 (0.99 to 1.0) and 0.46 (−0.1 to 0.78) were determined for the ankle and thigh, respectively. Placement sites were well tolerated by 95% of participants. Conclusion: An ankle-mounted ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer demonstrates validity in quantification of step count in hospitalised adults recovering from critical illness. A thigh placement was not considered valid.

Using Pedometers to Estimate Ambulatory Physical Activity in Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Au Bich Thuy ◽  
Leigh Blizzard ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Costan Magnussen ◽  
Emily Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background:Pedometer measurement of physical activity (PA) has been shown to be reliable and valid in industrialized populations, but its applicability in economically developing Vietnam remains untested. This study assessed the feasibility, stability and validity of pedometer estimates of PA in Vietnam.Methods:250 adults from a population-based survey were randomly selected to wear Yamax pedometers and record activities for 7 consecutive days. Stability and concurrent validity were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Spearman correlation coefficients.Results:Overall, 97.6% of participants provided at least 1 day of usable recordings, and 76.2% wore pedometers for all 7 days. Only 5.2% of the sample participants were involved in work activities not measurable by pedometer. The number of steps increased with hours of wear. There was no significant difference between weekday and weekend in number of steps, and at least 3 days of recordings were required (ICC of the 3 days of recordings: men 0.96, women 0.97). Steps per hour were moderately correlated (men r = .42, women r = .26) with record estimates of total PA.Conclusions:It is feasible to use pedometers to estimate PA in Vietnam. The measure should involve at least 3 days of recording irrespective of day of the week.

Measuring Physical Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Activity Diary Versus Accelerometer

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1249-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wineke Armbrust ◽  
G.J.F. Joyce Bos ◽  
Jan H.B. Geertzen ◽  
Pieter J.J. Sauer ◽  
Pieter U. Dijkstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Activity Diary

Objective.(1) To determine convergent validity of an activity diary (AD) and accelerometer (Actical brand/Phillips-Respironics) in measuring physical activity (PA) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). (2) To determine how many days give reliable results. (3) To analyze effects of correcting accelerometer data for non-wear.Methods.Patients with JIA (8–13 yrs) were recruited from 3 Dutch pediatric rheumatology centers. PA was assessed for 7 days with an AD and accelerometer, and was expressed as mean min/day of rest, light PA (LPA), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and PA level (PAL). To analyze convergent validity, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated and paired sample Student t tests were performed. The required number of days to achieve reliable results was calculated using the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula.Results.Convergent validity between AD and accelerometer was moderate for rest and PAL (ICC 0.41). ICC for LPA and MVPA were < 0.24. AD overestimated PAL and MVPA compared with the accelerometer. Wearing the accelerometer 7–19 days gave reliable PA estimates on group and individual levels. For the AD, 13–36 days were needed. Adjusting accelerometer data for non-wear resulted in a clinically relevant higher mean number of min/day spent in LPA (effect size 1.12), but not in MVPA (effect size 0.44).Conclusion.Convergent validity between AD and accelerometer is moderate to poor. In children with JIA, 1-week assessment with an accelerometer is sufficient to measure PA (all levels) reliably. On an individual level and for clinical use, 3 weeks are required. Additional use of AD enables correction for non-wear of accelerometer data.

Assessment of Physical Activity in Adults: A Review of Validated Questionnaires From a Nutritionist’s Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-254
Author(s):  
Angela Patricia Bacelis-Rivero ◽  
Anabel Vázquez-Rodríguez ◽  
Claudia E. Carrasco-Legleu ◽  
Lidia G. De León ◽  
Sandra Alicia Reza-López
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

Physical activity (PA) is a component of total energy expenditure. PA and PA energy expenditure (PAEE) can be estimated by objective techniques (OTs). However, the use of questionnaires is frequent in clinical settings and epidemiological studies. We conducted a search on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to perform a review of studies reporting the reliability and validity of PA questionnaires validated against OTs—doubly labeled water (DLW) or accelerometers—in free-living adults. We selected original articles published between 2009 and 2019 that reported validation studies of PA questionnaires. We identified 53 studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Four PA questionnaires were validated against DLW and the remaining against accelerometers. Three questionnaires were compared with both DLW and accelerometer results. The correlation between questionnaire-estimated PAEE and DLW results ranged from r = .22 to r = .46, while that between questionnaire-estimated total PA (TPA) and accelerometer results ranged from r = .11 to r = .54 The intraclass correlation coefficients were between .56 and .84. Despite having good reliability, most of the questionnaires included in this review have shown limited validity for estimating TPA in adults. OTs should be considered as a first option, when possible. Further research is warranted on techniques to obtain more accurate PA and PAEE estimates.

Comparison of Fitbit One and ActivPAL3TM in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis in a Free-Living Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Golnoush Mehrabani ◽  
Douglas P. Gross ◽  
Saeideh Aminian ◽  
Patricia J. Manns
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
User Friendly

Walking is the most common and preferred way for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to be active. Consumer-grade wearable activity monitors may be used as a tool to assist people with MS to track their walking by counting the number of steps. The authors evaluated the validity of Fitbit One activity tracker in individuals with MS by comparing step counts measured over a 7-day period against ActivPAL3TM (AP). Twenty-five ambulatory adults with MS with an average age 51.7 (10.2) years and gait speed 0.98 (0.47) m/s, median Expanded Disability Status Scale 5.5 (2.5–6.5), and 15 years post-MS diagnosis wore Fitbit One (using both waist and ankle placement) and AP for 7 consecutive days. Validity of Fitbit One for measuring step counts against AP was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland–Altman plots, and t tests. Regardless of wearing location (waist or ankle), there was good agreement between steps recorded by Fitbit One and AP (ICC: .86 [.82, .90]). The ankle-worn Fitbit measured steps more accurately (ICC: .91 [.81, .95]) than the waist-worn Fitbit (ICC: .81 [.62, .85]) especially in individuals (n = 12) who walked slowly (gait speed = 0.74 m/s). Fitbit One as a user-friendly, inexpensive, consumer-grade activity tracker can accurately record steps in persons with MS in a free-living environment.

Measuring Physical Activity with Pedometers in Older Adults with Intellectual Disability: Reactivity and Number of Days

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thessa Hilgenkamp ◽  
Ruud Van Wijck ◽  
Heleen Evenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Minimum Number

Abstract The minimum number of days of pedometer monitoring needed to estimate valid average weekly step counts and reactivity was investigated for older adults with intellectual disability. Participants (N  =  268) with borderline to severe intellectual disability ages 50 years and older were instructed to wear a pedometer for 14 days. The outcome measure was steps per day. Reactivity was investigated with repeated measures analysis of variance, and monitoring frame was assessed by comparing combinations of days with average weekly step counts (with intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] and regression analyses). No reactivity was present. Any combination of 4 days resulted in ICCs of 0.96 or higher and 90% of explained variance. The study concludes that any 4 days of wearing a pedometer is sufficient to validly measure physical activity in older adults with intellectual disability.

scholarly journals Knee Extensor Strength Measurement in Patients With Limited Physical Activity Using a Supine Dynamometer Anchoring Frame

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Min-Yong Lee ◽  
Kwan-Sik Sung ◽  
Hyungsuk Ham ◽  
You Gyoung Yi ◽  
Hyung-Ik Shin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Anchoring System ◽  
Seated Posture ◽  
Limited Physical Activity

Objective To investigate the reliability of knee extensor strength measurements using a supine hand-held dynamometer (HHD) anchoring frame in patients with limited physical activity. Although an HHD is suitable for bedside use, its inter-rater reliability is low because measurements can be influenced by tester strength.Methods Maximal knee extensor isometric strength was measured using an HHD anchored to the supine frame. Three trials of three maximal contractions were assessed by two raters.Results A total of 33 inpatients who were non-ambulatory due to acute illness participated in the study. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.974 (inter-rater) and 0.959 (intra-rater). The minimal detectable changes in intra- and inter-observer measurements were 29.46 N (24.10%) and 36.73 N (29.26%), respectively. The limits of agreement ranged from -19.79% to 24.81% for intra-rater agreement and from -21.45% to 37.07% for inter-rater agreement.Conclusion The portable dynamometer anchoring system can measure the isometric strength of the knee extensor reliably in the supine position, and could be used for measurements in patients who have difficulty visiting the laboratory and maintaining a seated posture.

Crime and Physical Activity: Development of a Conceptual Framework and Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 818-829
Author(s):  
Christina M. Patch ◽  
Caterina G. Roman ◽  
Terry L. Conway ◽  
Ralph B. Taylor ◽  
Kavita A. Gavand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background: A common hypothesis is that crime is a major barrier to physical activity, but research does not consistently support this assumption. This article advances research on crime-related safety and physical activity by developing a multilevel conceptual framework and reliable measures applicable across age groups. Methods: Criminologists and physical activity researchers collaborated to develop a conceptual framework. Survey development involved qualitative data collection and resulted in 155 items and 26 scales. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to assess test–retest reliability in a subsample of participants (N = 176). Analyses were conducted separately by age groups. Results: Test–retest reliability for most scales (63 of 104 ICCs across 4 age groups) was “excellent” or “good” (ICC ≥ .60) and only 18 ICCs were “poor” (ICC < .40). Reliability varied by age group. Adolescents (aged 12–17 y) had ICCs above the .40 threshold for 21 of 26 scales (81%). Young adults (aged 18–39 y) and middle-aged adults (aged 40–65 y) had ICCs above .40 for 24 (92%) and 23 (88%) scales, respectively. Older adults (aged 66 y and older) had ICCs above .40 for 18 of 26 scales (69%). Conclusions: The conceptual framework and reliable measures can be used to clarify the inconclusive relationships between crime-related safety and physical activity.

Step count accuracy of StepWatch and FitBit One™ among individuals with a unilateral transtibial amputation

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa S Arch ◽  
Jaclyn M Sions ◽  
John Horne ◽  
Barry A Bodt
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Transtibial Amputation ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

Background: Step counts, obtained via activity monitors, provide insight into activity level in the free-living environment. Accuracy assessments of activity monitors are limited among individuals with lower-limb amputations. Objectives: (1) To evaluate the step count accuracy of both monitors during forward-linear and complex walking and (2) compare monitor step counts in the free-living environment. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Adult prosthetic users with a unilateral transtibial amputation were equipped with StepWatch and FitBit One™. Participants completed an in-clinic evaluation to evaluate each monitor’s step count accuracy during forward linear and complex walking followed by a 7-day step count evaluation in the free-living environment. Results: Both monitors showed excellent accuracy during forward, linear walking (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.97–0.99, 95% confidence interval = 0.93–0.99; percentage error = 4.3%–6.2%). During complex walking, percentage errors were higher (13.0%–15.5%), intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.88–0.90, and 95% confidence intervals were 0.69–0.96. In the free-living environment, the absolute percentage difference between monitor counts was 25.4%, but the counts had a nearly perfect linear relationship. Conclusion: Both monitors accurately counted steps during forward linear walking. StepWatch appears to be more accurate than FitBit during complex walking but a larger sample size may confirm these findings. FitBit consistently counted fewer steps than StepWatch during free-living walking. Clinical relevance The StepWatch and FitBit are acceptable tools for assessing forward, linear walking for individuals with transtibial amputation. Given the results’ consistenty in the free-living enviorment, both tools may ultimiately be able to be used to count steps in the real world, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Assessment of craniocervical motion in Down syndrome: a pilot study of two measurement techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Martin ◽  
Brandon G. Rocque ◽  
Andrew Jea ◽  
Richard C. E. Anderson ◽  
Joshua Pahys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Craniocervical Junction ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Flexion Extension

OBJECTIVEHypermobility of the craniocervical junction (CCJ) in patients with Down syndrome (DS) is common. Whereas atlantoaxial (C1–2) hypermobility is well characterized, occipitoatlantal (Oc–C1) laxity is recognized but poorly defined. A clear understanding of the risks associated with DS-related hypermobility is lacking. Research efforts to address the topic of axial cervical spine instability in the patient with DS require a reliable and reproducible means of assessing CCJ mobility. The authors conducted a pilot study comparing two methods of quantifying motion of the CCJ on dynamic (flexion/extension) plain radiographs: the delta–condyle-axial interval (ΔCAI) and the delta–basion-axial interval (ΔBAI) methods.METHODSDynamic radiographs from a cohort of 10 patients with DS were evaluated according to prescribed standards. Independent movement of Oc–C1, C1–2, and Oc–C2 was calculated. Interrater and intrarater reliability for CCJ mobility was then calculated for both techniques.RESULTSMeasurement using the ΔCAI technique had excellent fidelity with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.77, 0.71, and 0.80 for Oc–C1, C1–2, and Oc–C2, respectively. The ΔBAI technique had lower fidelity, yielding respective ICCs of 0.61, 0.65, and 0.50.CONCLUSIONSThis pilot study suggests that ΔCAI is a superior measurement technique compared to ΔBAI and may provide reliable assessment of the mobility of the CCJ on dynamic radiographs in the pediatric patient with DS. The use of reliable and reproducible measurement techniques strengthens the validity of research derived from pooled database efforts.

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