Visual Feedback Processing and Goal-Directed Movement in Adults with Down Syndrome

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Hodges ◽  
Sheri J. Cunningham ◽  
James Lyons ◽  
Tracey L. Kerr ◽  
Digby Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Mental Disabilities ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
Vision Condition ◽  
Different Diameters

Frith and Frith (1974) suggested that adults with Down syndrome have difficulty planning goal-directed movements and therefore are more reliant on feedback than other mentally disabled people. The purpose of the study was to examine this hypothesis directly through the manipulation of visual feedback. Twelve adults with Down syndrome, 12 mentally disabled adults without Down syndrome, and 12 nondisabled adults performed simple aiming movements to targets of three different diameters. While the target was always visible, on half the trial blocks vision of the movement was occluded upon response initiation. Subjects with Down syndrome exhibited longer movement times than other subjects, regardless of vision condition. In terms of target-aiming consistency, subjects with Down syndrome were actually less affected by the elimination of visual feedback than subjects in the other mentally disabled group. While adults with mental disabilities appear to be more reliant on visual feedback for the control of goal-directed movement, this dependence is not a specific characteristic of Down syndrome.

Rapid Visual Feedback Processing in Single-Aiming Movements

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard N. Zelaznik ◽  
Brian Hawkins ◽  
Lorraine Kisselburgh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Aiming Movements

The Effect of Practice on the Control of Rapid Aiming Movements: Evidence for an Interdependency between Programming and Feedback Processing

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Khan ◽  
Ian M. Franks ◽  
David Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rapid Aiming Movements ◽  
Initial Impulse ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate how the control of aiming movements performed as fast and as accurately as possible changes with practice. We examined: (1) the influence of visual feedback on the initial impulse and error correction phases of aiming movements during acquisition; and (2) the effect of removing visual feedback at different levels of practice. Results from the acquisition trials indicated that vision had a major impact on the organization of the initial impulse and error correction phases. Also, consistent with findings from research involving temporally constrained movements, the cost of removing vision was greater after extensive levels than after moderate levels of practice. Collectively, these results denote the importance of visual feedback to the learning of this particular class of aiming movements. Learning appears to be a dual process of improved programming of the initial impulse and increased efficiency of feedback processing. Practice not only acts on programming and feedback processes directly, but also indirectly through a reciprocal interplay between these two processes.

scholarly journals KEADILAN ELEKTORAL BAGI PEMILIH PENYANDANG DISABILITAS MENTAL PADA PEMILU SERENTAK 2019 DI SURABAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nikita Desverose ◽  
Priyatmoko Priyatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
The State ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Mental Disabilities ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

This research focuses on upholding political justice in elections for mentally disabled people, more precisely about how the state and its institutions seek to restore political rights and implement inclusive election policies for person with mental disabilities regarding their participation in elections and their right to vote when election. This research takes two main topics, namely restoration of political rights of mentally disabled people in elections through the regulation of the Election Law, and the making of special rules to accommodate the needs of mental disabled people in elections and the implementation of these policies in the 2019 elections in the city of Surabaya. Data obtained through the analysis of news content and interviews with sources that are then processed and explained qualitatively descriptive. The theory used in this research is electoral justice theory, with a focus on conformity in the field with elements of justice in the electoral justice system. The results obtained are in the first part, the regulation carried out by the government based on complaints from community organizations that focus on defending mental disability rights and electoral issues, meets the criteria for fulfilling rights and distributing justice first where the state gives equal rights for everyone to channel their voice in elections, without discriminating any group by giving them access to the right to be registered as DPT and entitled to participate in the election process. In the second part, it discussed the implementation of the policy in the city of Surabaya, specifically at the Menur Hospital and found that the state tried to accommodate the political rights of the mentally disabled in elections by providing more specific technical rules by adjusting the conditions and needs of the mentally disabled, which according to the elements election justice which requires electoral governance to protect citizens' voting rights. The final conclusion of this study illustrates how the state and its institutions fulfill the elements of the electoral justice system in distributing justice in elections, for people with mental disabilities in Indonesia, especially in the city of Surabaya in the 2019 Elections.

scholarly journals A szellemi fogyatékosok fogászati-szájsebészeti ellátásának múltja, jelene és remélt jövője Magyarországon

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (35) ◽  
pp. 1380-1386
Author(s):  
Ilona Szmirnova ◽  
Emese Gellérd ◽  
Gábor Tamás Pintér ◽  
György Szmirnov ◽  
Zsolt Németh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Mental Disability ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
The Past

Abstract: Introduction: Dental care for mentally disabled people poses a growing challenge for healthcare. In Hungary, the number of mentally disabled people needing special dental care is ca. 100 000. Aim: The aim of our retrospective analysis is to provide a summary of the demographic data and the treatment outcomes of patients with mental disorders treated at the Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Semmelweis University in the past five years. Method: Dental care for patients with a severe level of mental disability can be carried out in general anaesthesia only. At Semmelweis University, in the Oral and Maxillofacial Department, 1717 mentally disabled adults received dental care during the past five years. (Patients included people with a mild, medium or severe level of mental disability, patients with Down’s syndrome, autism, epilepsy or panic disorder.) Results: The single biggest achievement seems to be the fact that the issue of acute dental care and oral surgery has basically been settled. A workable relationship has been forged with foundations and organizations dealing with the problems of these patients. It has been realized, however, that in the case of mentally disabled patients there is an enormous need for prevention and ongoing care. Conclusions: Up to now no survey has been carried out in Hungary with the aim of objectively revealing the dental care needs of these patients. Internationally, however, several surveys have been published. It can be stated on the basis of these that both caries frequency and the presence of parodontal diseases increase in correlation with age and the level of disability. Oral hygiene is insufficient, patients or their caretakers do not get proper information, only a few of them receive adequate training and they are not motivated to keep up oral health. Dental care, except for tending acute cases, is not satisfactory. For the sake of prevention, cooperation is needed with non-governmental organizations, foundations, special education teachers and psychiatrists specialized in this field. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(35): 1380–1386.

Visual control of target-directed movements

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Chua ◽  
Digby Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics

Visual feedback regulation during movement is not fully captured in Plamondon's kinematic theory. However, numerous studies indicate that visual response-produced feedback is a powerful determinant of performance and kinematic characteristics of target-directed movement.

scholarly journals Neural signatures of reward and sensory error feedback processing in motor learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 1561-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios J. Palidis ◽  
Joshua G. A. Cashaback ◽  
Paul L. Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Error Feedback ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Visuomotor Rotation ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Motor Commands

At least two distinct processes have been identified by which motor commands are adapted according to movement-related feedback: reward-based learning and sensory error-based learning. In sensory error-based learning, mappings between sensory targets and motor commands are recalibrated according to sensory error feedback. In reward-based learning, motor commands are associated with subjective value, such that successful actions are reinforced. We designed two tasks to isolate reward- and sensory error-based motor adaptation, and we used electroencephalography in humans to identify and dissociate the neural correlates of reward and sensory error feedback processing. We designed a visuomotor rotation task to isolate sensory error-based learning that was induced by altered visual feedback of hand position. In a reward learning task, we isolated reward-based learning induced by binary reward feedback that was decoupled from the visual target. A fronto-central event-related potential called the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was elicited specifically by binary reward feedback but not sensory error feedback. A more posterior component called the P300 was evoked by feedback in both tasks. In the visuomotor rotation task, P300 amplitude was increased by sensory error induced by perturbed visual feedback and was correlated with learning rate. In the reward learning task, P300 amplitude was increased by reward relative to nonreward and by surprise regardless of feedback valence. We propose that during motor adaptation the FRN specifically reflects a reward-based learning signal whereas the P300 reflects feedback processing that is related to adaptation more generally. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied the event-related potentials evoked by feedback stimuli during motor adaptation tasks that isolate reward- and sensory error-based learning mechanisms. We found that the feedback-related negativity was specifically elicited by binary reward feedback, whereas the P300 was observed in both tasks. These results reveal neural processes associated with different learning mechanisms and elucidate which classes of errors, from a computational standpoint, elicit the feedback-related negativity and P300.

Specificity of Learning in Adults with and Without Down Syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Hansen ◽  
Bridget Sheahan ◽  
Melinda Wu ◽  
James Lyons ◽  
Timothy N. Welsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Kinesthetic Feedback ◽  
On Line ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Specificity Of Learning ◽  
Sensory Condition

Adults with Down syndrome (DS), an undifferentiated developmental delay (UnD) and no developmental delay practiced a manual target aiming task either with or without on-line visual feedback. Following acquisition, participants performed a retention test involving the same sensory condition available during practice, followed by a transfer test under the other sensory condition. Although the participants with UnD were highly dependent on visual feedback for movement accuracy, participants with DS relied more on either kinesthetic feedback or feedforward control for spatial precision. Participants in all three groups improved their movement times with practice. This improvement was associated both with an increase in peak velocity and a reduction in the time required to decelerate their aiming movements. Contrary to our expectations, improvements in performance were not specific to the sensory conditions available during practice.

Concurrent Validity of the WISC-IV in Eligibility Decisions for Students with Educable Mental Disabilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn B. Launey ◽  
James Carroll ◽  
K. Roger Van Horn
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Mental Disabilities ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Educable Mentally Disabled

Concurrent validity of the WISC-III and WISC-IV was conducted using a sample of 35 students classified as educable mentally disabled. Full Scale IQ scores of previously administered WISC-III correlated .91 with WISC-IV Full Scale IQ scores when adjusted for restricted range. Of the previous eligibility decisions, 80% were confirmed by the WISC-IV scores. Implications of the findings and suggestions for research are discussed.

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