Examination of Body Mass Changes Among Division I Collegiate Football Players With Sickle Cell Trait

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Hirschhorn ◽  
Jessica L. Phillips Gilbert ◽  
Danielle A. Cadet ◽  
Tenley E. Murphy ◽  
Clinton Haggard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Mass Changes ◽  
Collegiate Football

American football athletes are frequently hypohydrated before and during activity. Hypohydration increases the risk of exertional sickling in student-athletes with sickle cell trait (SCT). The authors examined weight charts from the 2010/2011 to 2018/2019 seasons at one Division I institution to determine if differences in percentage body mass losses (%BML) exist between those with and without SCT. Seventeen student-athletes with SCT and 17 matched-controls were included. A Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple comparisons (0.05/8), resulting in p < .006 considered significant. There was a significant difference for %BML between groups (SCT: 0.84 ± 0.65% vs. control: 1.21 ± 0.71%; p = .002) but not for the number of days %BML exceeded 2% (SCT: 0 ± 1 vs. control: 1 ± 1; p = .016). Implementation of proper hydration strategies minimized %BML in athletes with SCT, decreasing the risk of hypohydration and exertional sickling. The same strategies ensured all players remained below threshold to optimize performance and reduce heat illness risk.

scholarly journals NCAA Division I American football players with sickle cell trait have altered hematological responses and hydration status

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyan Wang ◽  
Matt Martone ◽  
Michael E. Owens ◽  
Nathan P. Lemoine ◽  
Jack Marucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Football Players

AbstractSickle cell trait (SCT) is a risk factor of collapse and sudden death in athletes. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine the hematological responses and hydration status in NCAA Division I American football players with SCT. The study took place over 2 years with 6 SCT and 6 position-matched controls (CON) in year 1; and 4 SCT and 4 CON in year 2. In year 2, three of the four SCT players were recruited and re-enrolled with new position-matched controls (total sample data = 10 SCT and 10 CON). Blood samples were taken at three visits: pre-camp, post-camp, and post-season to examine hemoglobin variants, complete blood counts, and chemistry panel 26. Hydration status was assessed by measuring body weight change, urine specific gravity, and urine and sweat electrolyte concentrations during the pre-season training camp. All SCT players were confirmed to have SCT (HbS = 37.9 ± 2.4%) and had greater red cell distribution width (RDW) compared to CON across all visits. Serum uric acid was higher in SCT (7.3 ± 1.0 mg/dL) compared to CON (6.1 ± 0.6 mg/dL; p = 0.001). Furthermore, serum creatine kinase levels were greater in SCT (1617.0 ± 1034.8 IU/L) at pre-camp compared to CON (1037.4 ± 602.8 IU/L; p = 0.03). SCT players exhibited lower pre- and post-practice urine electrolytes and urine specific gravity (SCT pre: 1.019 ± 0.005 vs. CON pre: 1.026 ± 0.008 p < 0.001; SCT post: 1.020 ± 0.005 vs. CON post: 1.030 ± 0.008 p < 0.01), whereas sweat sodium concentrations were higher in SCT players (55.4 ± 13.6 mmol/L) compared to CON (45.5 ± 10.6 mmol/L; p < 0.001). Given the evidence, greater uric acid and CPK levels in SCT players compared to CON may be an early indicator of altered kidney function and muscle damage, which could be added into NCAA guidelines for surveillance among SCT players. Consistent education and reinforcement of the importance of adequate fluid balance during exercise are critical for both SCT and CON players.

scholarly journals Bilateral back squat strength is increased during a 3-week undulating resistance training program with and without variable resistance in DIII collegiate football players

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12189
Author(s):  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Paul Higgins ◽  
Paul A. Cacolice ◽  
Troy Doming
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Variable Resistance ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Collegiate Football

Background Optimizing training adaptations is of the utmost importance for the strength and conditioning professional. The pre-season of any sport is particularly important to ensure preparedness of the athletes. In DIII Collegiate Football pre-season consists of approximately 3 weeks. The abbreviated time of the pre-season increases the importance of optimizing training using safe methods, including alternative loading strategies. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a 3-week variable resistance training VRT during an undulating (UL) resistance training program elicited a greater increase in back squat strength compared to traditional loading methods. Methods and Materials Forty DIII Football players (age range: 18–25 years) participated in a 3-week UL bilateral back squat (BBS) program. Both groups performed the BBS 3 times per week with a minimum of 24 hours between exercise sessions. The control group (C) (n = 20) (height = 182.3 + 5.1 cm, body mass: pre = 102.8 ± 17.7 kg, post = 104.1 ± 17.8 kg) used traditional loading methods (i.e., Olympic weights only) and the experimental group (E) (n = 20) (height = 180.7 ± 8.0 cm, body mass: pre = 100.3 ± 27.1 kg, post = 101.0 ± 27.7 kg) used traditional loading methods and variable resistance (i.e., resistance bands). The variable resistance accounted for approximately 20% of the total resistance while 80% of the resistance was supplied by traditional loading methods. Results When all data was pooled, subjects had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in 1-RM BBS from pre (154.2 + 26.1 kg) to post (166.8 + 26.2 kg), with a percent increase of 8.13% at the completion of the 3-week training program. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the C and E groups for muscular strength, muscular power, or vertical jump. Volume-loads were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between groups for any of the weeks (C: Week 1 = 858.1 + 101.3, Week 2 = 588.6 + 69.2, Week 3 = 332.5 + 38.9, Total = 1179.2 + 209.4 vs. E: Week 1 = 835.2 + 179.7, Week 2 = 572.2 + 123.4, Week 3 = 323.5 + 68.8, Total = 1730.9 + 371.8) or for the pre-season as a whole. Conclusion A traditional UL resistance training program and training program with variable resistance are both effective methods at increasing back squat strength during 3 weeks of training. Resistance band variable resistance (VR) does not enhance training effects within a 3-week mesocycle greater than traditional resistance.

Differential Sweat And Urine Electrolyte Reponses In Collegiate Football Players With Sickle Cell Trait

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Lemoine ◽  
Michael E. Owens ◽  
Haoyan Wang ◽  
Jack Marucci ◽  
Shelly Mullenix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Collegiate Football

scholarly journals NCAA Football Off-Season Training: Unanswered Prayers… A Prayer Answered

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Training Standards ◽  
Collegiate Football

Off-season training in year-round collegiate football is purported to be performance enhancing. Absent principles of exercise physiology, excesses in sport-training regimens pose risk to the participant athletes. Since 2000, 33 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players have died in sport: 27 nontraumatic deaths and 6 traumatic deaths, a ratio of 4.5 nontraumatic deaths for every traumatic death. On average, 2 NCAA football players die per season. Best practices, consensus guidelines, and precautions are ignored, elevating the risk. However, standards exist that will, if heeded, prevent nontraumatic death in athletes training for sport. Sickle cell trait status knowledge and tailored precautions are preventing deaths from exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait. Adherence to established principles of exercise physiology and best-practice training standards, which is long overdue, will help to prevent not only deaths from exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait but also sudden cardiac, exertional heat stroke, and asthma deaths.

Recruiting Student Athletes: A Means-End Investigation of School-Choice Decision Making

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Klenosky ◽  
Thomas J. Templin ◽  
Josh A. Troutmam
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Division I ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Athletic Programs ◽  
Interviewing Technique ◽  
Collegiate Football ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

This paper reports the results of an empirical study that draws on a means-end perspective to examine the factors influencing the school choice decisions of collegiate student athletes. A sample of 27 NCAA Division I collegiate football players were questioned to identify the attributes that differentiated the school they selected from the others they had considered attending. The interviewing technique known as laddering was then used to link the salient attributes of the chosen school to the consequences and personal values important to the athlete. An analysis of the resulting data provided unique insight into the means-end relationships that underlie students' selection of competing athletic programs. A discussion of the study findings outlined the implications of this investigation and the means-end approach for future recruiting and research efforts.

scholarly journals Positional Differences in Pre-Season Scrimmage Performance of Division I Collegiate Football Players

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Kate S. Early ◽  
Nathan P. Lemoine ◽  
Annie Simoneaux ◽  
Shelly Mullenix ◽  
Jack Marucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Level ◽  
Burst Duration ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
Collegiate Football

This study aimed to describe the physical demands of American football players using novel performance analysis techniques. Heart rate (HR) and accelerometer-based activity levels were observed across two pre-season scrimmages in 23 Division I collegiate football players (age: 19 ± 1 y, height: 1.90 ± 0.06 m, weight: 116.2 ± 19.4 kg). Data were analyzed using a MATLAB program and inter-rater reproducibility assessed using inter-class correlations (ICC). Players were analyzed by side (offense/defense) and position (skill/non-skill). Performance variables assessed in bursts of activity included burst duration, HRmean and HRmax (bpm), and mean activity (vector magnitude units [vmu]). Exercise intensity was categorized as time spent in % HRmax in 5% increments. The burst duration (8.1±3.9 min, ICC = 0.72), HRmean (157 ± 12 bpm, ICC = 0.96) and mean activity (0.30 ± 0.05 vmu, ICC = 0.86) were reproducible. HRmean (p = 0.05) and HRmax (p = 0.001) were greater on defense. Offense spent more time at 65–70% HRmax (p = 0.01), 70–75% HRmax (p = 0.02) while defense spent more time 90–95% HRmax and ≥95% HRmax (p = 0.03). HRmean (p = 0.70) and HRpeak (p = 0.80) were not different between positions across both sides. Skilled players demonstrated greater mean activity (p = 0.02). The sport-specific analysis described HR and activity level in a reproducible manner. Automated methods of assessing HR may be useful in training and game time performance but ultimately provides support to coaching decision making.

Perceived Energy and Well Being in Collegiate Football Players with and without Sickle Cell Trait

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Matt Martone ◽  
Shelly Mullenix ◽  
Nathan Lemoine ◽  
Jack Marucci ◽  
Derek Calvert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Collegiate Football

Repetitive head impacts in a collegiate football season: Exposure and effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110272
Author(s):  
Laura D Wilson ◽  
Rachel A Hildebrand ◽  
Trang Le ◽  
Brett A McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
American Football ◽  
Division I ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Repetitive Head Impacts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Collegiate Football

This study describes exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) by player position and activity during a collegiate football season, and investigates the relationship between RHI and acute (i.e., daily and weekly) and short-term (i.e., pre- to post-season) changes in balance, reaction time, symptoms, and cognition. We recorded RHI exposure in twenty Division I collegiate American football players during a single season using the Riddell InSite system. Participants sustained 4,586 impacts (4.20% high impact, i.e., >63 g; 95.79% low impact, i.e., 20–63 g). Greatest exposure to RHI was observed in running backs and defensive ends during games, and tight ends and defensive ends during practices. Running plays and team drills placed players at greatest risk for exposure during practice. Cumulative RHI exposure across the season was associated with short-term declines in reaction time (p = 0.045), but not balance or cognition. Acute decline in balance was associated with the number of impacts sustained in the past week (p < 0.05), but not the past 24 hours (p > 0.05). Acute increase in total symptom score was also associated with the number of impacts sustained in the past week (p < 0.01), but not the past 24 hours (p > 0.05). Reaction time did not decline based on impact exposure in the past 24 hours or week. This study identifies activities and positions that may put players at risk for RHI exposure, and demonstrates that RHI sustained during the course of typical American football play by non-concussed individuals may result in small changes in balance, reaction time, and symptoms, but not cognition.

Abstract 342: A Description of Cardiac Outcomes in Patients With Sickle Cell Trait and Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluated in a National Inpatient Data Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I Ogbuchi ◽  
Temidayo Abe ◽  
Kapil Bhatia ◽  
Leondus S McIver ◽  
Michelle Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Overall Mortality

Introduction: Sickle cell trait (SCT) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a well-established risk factor for progressive cardiovascular dysfunction. Sickle Cell trait has been noted to promote a persistent systemic pro-inflammatory state. This pro-inflammatory state could potentially increase the risk of systemic endothelial dysfunction when accompanied with other cardiotoxic conditions. We aim to investigate cardiovascular outcomes in patients with SCT and CKD, compared to SCT alone. Methods: Patients with CKD were identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2016 using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), and subsequently were divided into two groups, those with and without SCT. Both population sets were paired using 1:1 propensity score matching based on Age, Sex and co-morbidities to address potential confounding factors. Outcomes of interest were overall mortality, rates of stroke, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and cardiomyopathy. Results: Mean age of patients with CKD alone was 72.98 ± 13.2 years, while for CKD and SCT 56.68 ± 17.3 years. There was no significant difference between the two group in the rates of stroke (1.3% vs 1.0%; P= 0.125), and SCA (1.0% vs 1.1%; P= 0.841). Overall mortality (5.7% vs 2.2%; P<0.0001) and rates of cardiomyopathy (10.1% vs 2.9%; P<0.0001) were significantly lower in patients with CKD and SCT, compared to CKD alone. Multivariate logistic regression followed a similar trend, compared to those with CKD alone, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for overall mortality aOR; 0.625 (0.372-1.049) and cardiomyopathy aOR; 0.451 (0.293-0.696) were significantly lower in patients with CKD and SCT. Conclusion: Compared to patients with CKD alone, those with CKD and SCT have a lower risk for overall mortality and cardiomyopathy. Further studies are needed to replicate this finding and look at the possible protective role of SCT in patients with CKD.

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