Changes in Distance Running Kinematics with Fatigue

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Williams ◽  
Rebecca Snow ◽  
Chris Agruss
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Hip Flexion

This study investigated changes in kinematics with fatigue during intercollegiate competition, a noncompetitive track run, and a constant speed treadmill run. To account for changes in kinematics resulting from speed differences, regression equations for each individual generated from nonfatigue data were used to predict rested kinematics for speeds matching those of the fatigue conditions. A factor analysis procedure grouped 29 kinematic variables into sets of independent factors, and both factor variables and individual variables were analyzed for changes with fatigue, which were minimal. Only one significant difference was found in the factor variables between nonfatigue and fatigue states. Comparisons of specific kinematic variables showed a significant increase in step length with fatigue, an increased maximal knee flexion angle during swing, and an increased maximal thigh angle during hip flexion. While fatigue did not result in marked changes in kinematics for the group as a whole, changes for individuals were at times large.

scholarly journals A Dual-Learning Paradigm Simultaneously Improves Multiple Features of Gait Post-Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 810-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra M. Cherry-Allen ◽  
Matthew A. Statton ◽  
Pablo A. Celnik ◽  
Amy J. Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Gait Impairments

Background. Gait impairments after stroke arise from dysfunction of one or several features of the walking pattern. Traditional rehabilitation practice focuses on improving one component at a time, which may leave certain features unaddressed or prolong rehabilitation time. Recent work shows that neurologically intact adults can learn multiple movement components simultaneously. Objective. To determine whether a dual-learning paradigm, incorporating 2 distinct motor tasks, can simultaneously improve 2 impaired components of the gait pattern in people posttroke. Methods. Twelve individuals with stroke participated. Participants completed 2 sessions during which they received visual feedback reflecting paretic knee flexion during walking. During the learning phase of the experiment, an unseen offset was applied to this feedback, promoting increased paretic knee flexion. During the first session, this task was performed while walking on a split-belt treadmill intended to improve step length asymmetry. During the second session, it was performed during tied-belt walking. Results. The dual-learning task simultaneously increased paretic knee flexion and decreased step length asymmetry in the majority of people post-stroke. Split-belt treadmill walking did not significantly interfere with joint-angle learning: participants had similar rates and magnitudes of joint-angle learning during both single and dual-learning conditions. Participants also had significant changes in the amount of paretic hip flexion in both single and dual-learning conditions. Conclusions. People with stroke can perform a dual-learning paradigm and change 2 clinically relevant gait impairments in a single session. Long-term studies are needed to determine if this strategy can be used to efficiently and permanently alter multiple gait impairments.

Spinal Curvature and Lower Extremities Kinematics of Simulated Pregnancy during Stair Ascending and Descending

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Ihssan S. Masad ◽  
Sami Almashaqbeh ◽  
Othman Smadi ◽  
Mariam Abu Olaim ◽  
Abeer Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Hip Flexion

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of anteriorly-added mass to simulate pregnancy on lower extremities kinematic and lumbar and thoracic angles during stair ascending and descending. 18 healthy females ascended and descended, with and without a pseudo-pregnancy sac of 12 kg (experimental and control groups, respectively), a costume-made wooden staircase while instrumented with 20 reflective markers placed on the lower extremities and the spine. The movements were captured by 12 infrared cameras surrounding the staircase. Tracked position data were exported to MATLAB to calculate the required joints angles. SPSS was used to compare the ascent and descent phases of control group, and to find if there are any significant differences between control and experimental groups in the ascent phase as well as in the descent phase. When comparing the ascent and descent phases of control group, data revealed a higher hip flexion during ascending and greater ankle planter-flexion and dorsiflexion, lumbar, and thoracic angles during descending; however, no significant difference was shown in the knee flexion angle between ascending and descending. Non-pregnant data showed greater maximum hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during stair ascending compared to simulated-pregnant group; while ankle planter-flexion, knee flexion, and lumbar angle were greater for simulated-pregnant status. During stair descending, non-pregnant group had greater minimum hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion compared to simulated pregnant group; while ankle planter-flexion, knee flexion, and maximum hip flexion were greater for simulated-pregnant group. However, the lumbar and thoracic angles were found to be similar for simulated-pregnant and non-pregnant groups during stair descending. In conclusion, the current study revealed important kinematic modifications pregnant women adopt while ascending and descending stairs at their final stage of pregnancy to increase their stability.

scholarly journals Comparison of Muscle Activation and Kinematics in 6-RM Squatting With Low and High Barbell Placement

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Eric Helms
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Muscular Development ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Maximal Capacity ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare 6-RM muscle activation and kinematics in back squats with low and high barbell placements. Twelve resistance-trained males (23.5 ± 2.6 years, 86.8 ± 21.3 kg, 1.81 ± 0.08 m) with a minimum of 2 years of squatting experience performed a 6-RM using high and low barbell placements while muscle activation of eight muscles and joint kinematics were measured. During high barbell placement squats, lifting time was longer, with lower average velocity than low barbell placement. This was accompanied by a lesser knee flexion angle at the lowest point of the squat, and larger hip flexion angles during high, compared to low barbell squats. Furthermore, peak angular ankle, knee and hip velocities in the descending phase developed differently between conditions. No significant differences in muscle activation were found between conditions. Thus, our data suggests gross muscular adaptations between barbell placements may be similar over time, and therefore, from a muscular development standpoint, both squat styles are valid. Furthermore, unlike the low barbell placement, fatigue may manifest earlier itself in the high barbell squats during 6-RMs as sets progress toward a lifter’s maximal capacity, altering kinematics, especially in the last repetition.

Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running with Added Load in Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Molly Kujawa ◽  
Aleyna Goerlitz ◽  
Drew Rutherford ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Quadriceps Force

AbstractPatellofemoral joint (PFJ) pain syndrome is a commonly reported form of pain in female runners and military personnel. Increased PFJ stress may be a contributing factor. Few studies have examined PFJ stress running with added load. Our purpose was to analyze PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, quadriceps force, knee flexion angle, and other kinematic and temporospatial variables running with and without a 9 kg load. Nineteen females ran across a force platform with no added load and 9.0 kg weight vest. Kinematic data were collected using 3D motion capture and kinetic data with a force platform. Muscle forces were estimated using a musculoskeletal model, and peak PFJ loading variables were calculated during stance. Multivariate analyses were run on PFJ loading variables and on cadence, step length and foot strike index. Differences were shown in PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, peak knee flexion angle and quadriceps force. Joint specific kinetic variables increased between 5–16% with added load. PFJ loading variables increased with 9 kg of added load without changes in cadence, step length, or foot strike index compared to no load. Added load appears to increase the PFJ loading variables associated with PFJ pain in running.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Periods of Walking Experience on Kinematic Gait Parameters in Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Marta Gimunová ◽  
Martin Sebera ◽  
Michal Bozděch ◽  
Kateřina Kolářová ◽  
Tomáš Vodička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to analyse the kinematic differences in gait between three groups of toddlers who differed in their weeks of independent walking (IW) experience, but not in anthropometrical characteristics, to determine the relationship between walking experience without the side effect of morphological differences on gait parameters. Twenty-six toddlers participated in this study. Depending on the week of their IW, toddlers were divided into three groups: Group 1 (1–5 weeks of IW), Group 2 (6–10 weeks of IW), and Group 3 (11–15 weeks of IW). Each toddler walked barefooted over a 2-m long pathway, and 3D kinematic data were obtained. A decrease in the upper limb position, hip flexion, and step width, i.e., changes towards the adult gait pattern, were observed in Group 3. Less experienced walkers exhibited a wider step width despite no statistically significant difference in body mass and height between groups. Results of this study show no statistically significant difference in step length between groups, suggesting that step length is more related to height than to the walking experience. The increased step length in more experienced walkers reported in previous studies may therefore be a result of different heights and not walking experience.

Ergonomic Assessment of Exiting Automobiles

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Loczi
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Seat Height ◽  
Seat Position ◽  
Student Subjects ◽  
Screen System ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of changing seat heights (51 cm, 59 cm, 67 cm), door heights (122 cm, 138 cm, 154 cm) and seat positions (27 cm and 35 cm) in automobiles on kinematic parameters (trunk rotation, trunk angle, hip flexion angle and knee flexion angle) and kinetic parameters (lumbar moment, hip moment and knee moment) while exiting automobiles. Twelve student subjects were videotaped with 2 video cameras synchronized into a split screen system. Manipulating seat height, door height and seat position resulted in 18 different testing conditions. Real time animated graphics, as well as 3-D kinematic and kinetic parameters of the movement were obtained via a video image computer capture system and newly developed 3-D digitizing software. It was determined from the study that: a) Seat and door height had significant effects on kinematic and kinetic parameters, but not seat position, b) As seat and door height increased maximum values for kinematic and kinetic parameters decreased, c) Hip and knee flexion angles seem to be an acceptable subset of variables that can be used to evaluate ease of exit, d) It seems there exists a “critical seat height” at which an equilibrium exists between the demands of maintaining balance and stability and the need to reduce stress on the lower back when exiting an automobile. e) The behavior of hip and knee flexion angles can be predicted with a high degree of confidence via regression equations.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Corrective Exercises With and Without Suit Therapy on Gait Kinematic and Balance in Autism Children With Toe Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-545
Author(s):  
Majid Khodadadi ◽  
◽  
Hooman Minoonejad ◽  
Yusef Moghadas Tabrizi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Toe Walking

Background and Aims: Autism is an evolutional syndrome that causes social and interactional disorders and changes movement patterns. Corrective exercises can positively affect gait and balance in autistic children. The suit therapy is jointed with hooks and elastic bands that balance pressure and support muscles and joints. This study compares the effect of corrective exercise with and without suit therapy on gait kinematic and balance in autistic children with toe walking. Methods: A group of 30 autistic boys with toe walking (Mean±SD: age= 5.7±1.7 years, height= 106.4±19.5 cm, and weight= 20.8±5.8 kg) were chosen voluntarily and purposefully in this study and then randomly assigned into two groups of with and without suit therapy. Both groups received 8 weeks of corrective exercises, including 5 sessions per week, each session for 2 hours. The cases gait kinematic (Tree dimensional movement analysis) and balance (Tinetti) were evaluated in the pre and posttest. Paired and independent t-test were used for statistical analyses using SPSS v. 16. Results: The result revealed a significant difference in the gait kinematic between the two groups. Treatment in the corrective exercises group with suit therapy was significantly more effective in stride length (P=0.001), step length (P=0.001), step width (P=0.021), walking speed (P=0.001), ankle dorsiflexion in stance (P=0.001), and swing (P=0.001) phase than that corrective exercises without suit therapy group. But between these two groups, no significant difference was observed in stride time (P=0.444), cadence (P=0.361), deviation foot (P=0.614), and hip flexion (P=0.135). The results of the study also showed no significant difference in balance (P=0.927) between groups. Conclusion: Corrective exercises with suit therapy are more effective than ones without suit therapy. Therefore, corrective exercises sessions with suit therapy are suggested for autistic boys with toe walking.

A Comparison of Rollback Ratio between Bicruciate Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty and Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Iriuchishima ◽  
Keinosuke Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
And Control ◽  
Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the rollback ratio in bicruciate substituting (BCS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and bicruciate-retaining Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). In this study, 64 subjects (64 knees) undergoing BCS-TKA (Journey II: Smith and Nephew) and 50 subjects (50 knees) undergoing Oxford UKA (Zimmer-Biomet holdings, Inc., IN) were included. Approximately 6 months after surgery, and when the subjects had recovered their knee range of motion, following the Laidlow's method, lateral radiographic imaging of the knee was performed with active full knee flexion. The most posterior tibiofemoral contact point was measured for the evaluation of femoral rollback (rollback ratio). Flexion angle was also measured using the same radiograph and the correlation of rollback and flexion angle was analyzed. As a control, radiographs of the asymptomatic contralateral knees of subjects undergoing Oxford UKA were evaluated (50 knees). The rollback ratios of the BCS-TKA, Oxford UKA, and control knees were 37.9 ± 4.9, 35.7 ± 4.2, and 35.3 ± 4.8% respectively. No significant difference in rollback ratio was observed among the three groups. The flexion angles of the BCS-TKA, Oxford UKA, and control knees were 123.8 ± 8.4, 125.4 ± 7.5, and 127 ± 10.3 degrees, respectively. No significant difference in knee flexion angle was observed among the three groups. Significant correlation between rollback ratio and knee flexion angle was observed (p = 0.002; Pearson's correlation coefficient = − 0.384). BCS-TKA showed no significant difference in rollback ratio when compared with control knees and Oxford UKA knees. The BCS-TKA design is likely to reproduce native anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament function, and native knee rollback.

Different squatting positions after total knee arthroplasty: a video-based observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-yang Sun ◽  
Guo-qiang Zhang ◽  
Tie-jian Li ◽  
Jun-min Shen ◽  
Yin-qiao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Knee Flexion Angle ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Deep Squat

Abstract Aims There are no methods to assess patient’s squatting ability after TKA (total knee arthroplasty), this study aimed to evaluate the different squatting position of a series of patients who underwent primary TKA.Methods From May 2018 to October 2019, we retrospectively reviewed 154 videos recording the squattin-related motions of patients after TKA. Among the included patients, 119 were women and 35 were men. Their mean age at the index surgery was 61.4 years (range, 30 to 77). The median follow-up was 12 months (range, 6 to 156). We classified those squatting-related motions into three major variations according to squatting depth: half squat, parallel squat, and deep squat. The angle of hip flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion were measured in the screenshots captured from the videos at the moment of squatting nadir.Results A total of 26 patients were classified as half squat, 75 as parallel squat, and 53 as deep squat. The angle of hip flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion all differed significantly among the three squatting positions (p<0.001). In the parallel squat group, the mean knee flexion angle(°) was 116.5 (SD, 8.1; range, 97 to 137). In the deep squat group, the mean knee flexion angle(°) was 132.5 (SD, 9.3; range, 116 to 158). Among the three squatting positions, deep squat showed the highest hip, knee and ankle flexion angle. And the next was parallel squat.Conclusion Our squatting position classification offers a pragmatic approach to evaluating patient’s squatting ability after TKA. However, the relation between squatting position and daily activity requires further investigation.

Comparison of Lower Extremity Muscle Flexibility in Amateur and Trained Bharatanatyam Dancers and Nondancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Monica Sharma ◽  
Shibili Nuhmani ◽  
Deepti Wardhan ◽  
Qassim I Muaidi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Flexion

OBJECTIVE: This study compared lower limb muscle flexibility between amateur and trained female Bharatanatyam dancers and nondancers. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 105 healthy female volunteers, with 70 female Bharatanatyam dancers (35 trained, 35 amateurs) and 35 controls, with a mean (±SD) age of 16.2±1.04 yrs, height 155.05±4.30 cm, and weight 54.54±2.77 kg. Participants were assessed for range of motion (ROM) in hip flexion, hip extension, hip abduction and adduction, hip external rotation, hip internal rotation, knee flexion, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion (DF), and ankle plantar flexion (PF) by using a standardized goniometer. To assess for significant difference between groups, one-way ANOVA was applied, and multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Trained dancers had a significantly greater hip flexion, extension, abduction, and external rotation ROM than amateurs and nondancers (p<0.05). Also, internal rotation and adduction were markedly less in trained dancers (p<0.05). Knee flexion, extension, and ankle DF were higher and ankle PF ROM was lesser in trained dancers. However, not much variation was found in ankle DF and PF between amateur dancers and nondancers (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Results showed that there are significant differences in lower limb muscle flexibility between trained and amateur Bharatanatyam dancers and nondancers. These differences may be due to individual dance postures such as araimandi and muzhumandi.

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