Minimal Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion on the Immune Response Following Acute Resistance Exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Koch ◽  
Jeffrey A. Potteiger ◽  
Marcia A. Chan ◽  
Stephen H. Benedict ◽  
Bruce B. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Lymphocyte Response ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Post Exercise

The effect of carbohydrate supplementation (CHO) on the lymphocyte response to acute resistance exercise was examined in 10 resistance-trained males. Subjects completed a randomized double-blind protocol with sessions separated by 14 days. The exercise session consisted of a high intensity, short rest interval squat workout. Subjects consumed 1.0 g · kg body mass−1 CHO or an equal volume of placebo (PLC) 10 min prior to and 10 min following exercise. Blood was collected at rest (REST), immediately post exercise (POST), and at 1.5 hours and 4.0 hours of recovery, and analyzed for plasma glucose, serum cortisol, leukocyte subsets, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. A significant Treatment × Time effect was observed for lymphocyte proliferation between CHO and PLC, but post hoc analyses revealed no between-treatment differences at any post-exercise time point. Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly depressed below REST at POST (−39.2% for PLC, −25.7% for CHO). Significant fluctuations in leukocyte subset trafficking were observed for both treatments at POST, 1.5 hours, and 4.0 hours. Plasma glucose was significantly increased POST in CHO compared to PLC. Cortisol was significantly increased from REST to POST in both treatments. These data support a minimal effect of carbohydrate ingestion on the lymphocyte response to high-intensity resistance exercise.

Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Cytokine Responses Following Acute Resistance Exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia A. Chan ◽  
Alexander J. Koch ◽  
Stephen H. Benedict ◽  
Jeffrey A. Potteiger
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Interleukin 5

The effect of carbohydrate supplementation (CHO) on interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 5 (IL-5) secretion following acute resistance exercise was examined in 9 resistance-trained males. Subjects completed a randomized, double-blind protocol with exercise separated by 14 days. The exercise consisted of a high intensity, short rest interval squat workout. Subjects consumed 1.0 g · kg body mass-1 CHO or an equal volume of placebo (PLC) 10 min prior to and 10 min following exercise. Blood was collected at rest (REST), immediately post exercise (POST), and at 1.5 h of recovery (1.5 h POST). Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with PHA and assayed for IL-2 and IL-5 secretion. IL-2 secretion was significantly decreased at POST for both the PLC and CHO groups. However, the degree of decrease was less in the CHO group (16%) than in the PLC group (48%), and this difference was statistically significant. These responses were transient, and the values returned to normal by 1.5 h POST. A mild and transient but significant decrease in IL-5 secretion by the PLC group was observed at POST (26%) compared to REST. No significant decrease was observed in IL-5 secretion for CHO from REST to POST (12%). These data support a possible effect of carbohydrate supplementation on IL-2 and IL-5 secretion following high-intensity resistance exercise.

scholarly journals Cytokine changes after a marathon race

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Dru A. Henson ◽  
Lucille L. Smith ◽  
Alan C. Utter ◽  
Debra M. Vinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Plasma Cytokine ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The influence of carbohydrate (1 l/h of a 6% carbohydrate beverage), gender, and age on pro- and anti-inflammatory plasma cytokine and hormone changes was studied in 98 runners for 1.5 h after two competitive marathon races. The marathoner runners were randomly assigned to carbohydrate (C, n = 48) and placebo (P, n = 50) groups, with beverages administered during the races in a double-blind fashion using color codes. Plasma glucose was higher and cortisol was lower in the C than in the P group after the race ( P < 0.001). For all subjects combined, plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, and IL-8 rose significantly immediately after the race and remained above prerace levels 1.5 h later. The pattern of change in all cytokines did not differ significantly between the 12 women and 86 men in the study and the 23 subjects ≥50 yr of age and the 75 subjects <50 yr of age. The pattern of change in IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, but not IL-6, differed significantly between the C and the P group, with higher postrace values measured for IL-10 (109% higher) and IL-1ra (212%) in the P group and for IL-8 (42%) in the C group. In conclusion, plasma levels of IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-6, and IL-8 rose strongly in runners after a competitive marathon, and this was not influenced by age or gender. Carbohydrate ingestion, however, had a major effect in attenuating increases in cortisol and two anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-1ra.

Effect of High-velocity Resistance Exercise on 24-h Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Older Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Filipe Fernandes Oliveira-Dantas ◽  
Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne ◽  
Ricardo Santos Oliveira ◽  
Ludmila Lucena Pereira Cabral ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Farias Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise Session

AbstractThis study investigated the acute post-exercise effect of high-velocity resistance exercise on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive older women. Fourteen volunteers (67.9±5.1 years) performed a high-velocity resistance exercise session (8 exercises using Thera-Band, 3 sets of 6 repetitions as fast as possible in the concentric phase with moderate intensity) and a control session, separated by a 7–10-day period. Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored following 12-h post-sessions and compared between conditions at 1 to 4-h, 5 to 8-h, and 9 to 12-h. Average 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, awake, asleep periods, and blood pressure load were also analyzed. There was a condition by time interaction for systolic ambulatory blood pressure over 12-h post-sessions (P=0.043). It was observed a lower systolic ambulatory blood pressure in the first 4-h period following the high-velocity resistance exercise session compared to the control session (−6.7 mmHg, 95% CI  − 11.6 to −1.8 mmHg; P=0.011). No changes were observed for diastolic ambulatory blood pressure over 12-h post-sessions as well as for the other variables analyzed (P>0.05). In summary, a single high-velocity resistance exercise session elicits a post-exercise antihypertensive effect and may be considered as a strategy to acutely improve blood pressure control in hypertensive older women.

EFFECTS OF LIQUID CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION ON MARKERS OF ANABOLISM FOLLOWING HIGH-INTENSITY RESISTANCE EXERCISE

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN P. THYFAULT ◽  
MICHAEL J. CARPER ◽  
SCOTT R. RICHMOND ◽  
MATTHEW W. HULVER ◽  
JEFFREY A. POTTEIGER
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion

scholarly journals Chronic capsiate supplementation increases fat-free mass and upper body strength but not the inflammatory response to resistance exercise in young untrained men: a randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilton Emanoel Lopes de Moura e Silva ◽  
Jason Michael Cholewa ◽  
Ralf Jäger ◽  
Nelo Eidy Zanchi ◽  
Marcelo Conrado de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Acute capsaicinoid and capsinoid supplementation has endurance and resistance exercise benefits; however, if these short-term performance benefits translate into chronic benefits when combined with resistance training is currently unknown. This study investigated changes of chronic Capsiate supplementation on muscular adaptations, inflammatory response and performance in untrained men. Methods Twenty untrained men were randomized to ingest 12 mg Capsiate (CAP) or placebo in a parallel, double-blind design. Body composition and performance were measured at pre-training and after 6 weeks of resistance training. An acute resistance exercise session test was performed pre and post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at rest and post-resistance exercise to analyze Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), Soluble TNF- receptor (sTNF-r), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Results Exercise and CAP supplementation increased fat-free mass in comparison to baseline by 1.5 kg (P < 0.001), however, the majority of the increase (1.0 kg) resulted from an increase in total body water. The CAP change scores for fat-free mass were significantly greater in comparison to the placebo (CAP ∆%= 2.1 ± 1.8 %, PLA ∆%= 0.7 ± 1.3 %, P = 0.043) and there was a significant difference between groups in the bench press exercise (P = 0.034) with greater upper body strength change score for CAP (∆%= 13.4 ± 9.1 %) compared to placebo (∆%= 5.8 ± 5.2 %), P = 0.041. CAP had no effect on lower body strength and no supplementation interactions were observed for all cytokines in response to acute resistance exercise (P > 0.05). Conclusion Chronic Capsiate supplementation combined with resistance training during short period (6 weeks) increased fat-free mass and upper body strength but not inflammatory response and performance in young untrained men.

Capsaicin Supplementation during High-intensity Continuous Exercise: A Double-blind Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila S. Padilha ◽  
Francois Billaut ◽  
Caique Figueiredo ◽  
Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa ◽  
Fabrício Eduardo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractTo investigate the effect of acute capsaicin (CAP) supplementation on time to exhaustion, physiological responses and energy systems contribution during continuous high-intensity exercise session in runners. Fifteen recreationally-trained runners completed two randomized, double-blind continuous high-intensity exercises at the speed eliciting 90% V̇O2peak (90% s V̇O2peak), 45 minutes after consuming capsaicin or an isocaloric placebo. Time to exhaustion, blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption during and 20-min post-exercise, energy systems contribution, time to reach V̇O2peak, heart rate and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated. There was no significant difference between conditions for time to reach V̇O2peak (CAP:391.71±221.8 vs. PLA:298.20±174.5 sec, ES:0.58, p=0.872), peak lactate (CAP:7.98±2.11 vs. PLA:8.58±2.15 µmol, ES:−0.28, p=0.257), time to exhaustion (CAP:654.28±195.44 vs. PLA:709.20±208.44 sec, ES:−0.28, p=0.462, end-of-exercise heart rate (CAP:177.6±14.9 vs. PLA:177.5±17.9 bpm, ES:−0.10, p=0.979) and end-of-exercise RPE (CAP: 19±0.8 vs. PLA: 18±2.4, ES: 0.89, p=0.623). In conclusion, acute CAP supplementation did not increase time to exhaustion during high-intensity continuous exercise nor alter physiological responses in runners.

scholarly journals The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion Following Eccentric Resistance Exercise on AKT/mTOR and ERK Pathways: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Crossover Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandre C. Figueiredo ◽  
Michelle M. Farnfield ◽  
Megan L.R. Ross ◽  
Petra Gran ◽  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Double Blinded

Purpose: To determine the acute effects of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion following a bout of maximal eccentric resistance exercise on key anabolic kinases of mammalian target of rapamycin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. The authors’ hypothesis was that the activation of anabolic signaling pathways known to be upregulated by resistance exercise would be further stimulated by the physiological hyperinsulinemia resulting from CHO supplementation. Methods: Ten resistance-trained men were randomized in a crossover, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled manner to ingest either a noncaloric PLA or 3 g/kg of CHO beverage throughout recovery from resistance exercise. Muscle biopsies were collected at rest, immediately after a single bout of intense lower body resistance exercise, and after 3 hr of recovery. Results: CHO ingestion elevated plasma glucose and insulin concentrations throughout recovery compared with PLA ingestion. The ERK pathway (phosphorylation of ERK1/2 [Thr202/Tyr204], RSK [Ser380], and p70S6K [Thr421/Ser424]) was markedly activated immediately after resistance exercise, without any effect of CHO supplementation. The phosphorylation state of AKT (Thr308) was unchanged postexercise in the PLA trial and increased at 3 hr of recovery above resting with ingestion of CHO compared with PLA. Despite stimulating-marked phosphorylation of AKT, CHO ingestion did not enhance resistance exercise–induced phosphorylation of p70S6K (Thr389) and rpS6 (Ser235/236 and Ser240/244). Conclusion: CHO supplementation after resistance exercise and hyperinsulinemia does not influence the ERK pathway nor the mTORC1 target p70S6K and its downstream proteins, despite the increased AKT phosphorylation.

Plasma glycerol during the acute post-exercise recovery period: influence of exercise intensity

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
R.J. Bloomer ◽  
T.M. Farney
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Intensity of exercise can influence substrate utilization, with increasing intensity resulting in lower rates of fat oxidation and the reliance on carbohydrate as the preferred fuel. Fat oxidation (or more specifically, mobilization) can be assessed via the measurement of circulating glycerol, with most prior research focusing on aerobic exercise and measurements obtained during the actual exercise bout. The present study determined the degree of fat oxidation/mobilization by measuring plasma glyctierol concentrations during the one hour post-exercise recovery period following three difference exercise bouts. On four different days, exercise trained men (n=12; 23.7±1.1 years) either rested quietly or performed aerobic cycle exercise (60 min at 70% heart rate reserve), 60 s cycle sprints at 100% max wattage obtained during graded exercise testing (GXT) - a total of five, or 15 s cycle sprints at 200% max wattage obtained during GXT - a total of 10. Blood was collected before and at 1, 30 and 60 min post-exercise. Haematocrit and haemoglobin were measured to correct for changes in plasma volume. Glycerol was analysed in plasma and the area under the curve was calculated. Glycerol increased across time (P<0.0001) from pre-exercise (8.4±0.3 μg/dl) to 1 min (13.1±0.7 μg/dl), 30 min (11.3±0.6 μg/dl) and 60 min (9.1±0.5 μg/dl) post-exercise, with 1 min and 30 min post-exercise greater than pre-exercise and 60 min post-exercise (P<0.05). Area under the curve was greater (P=0.0004) for aerobic exercise (24.7±2.0 μg/dl/h), 60 second sprints (23.4±1.9 μg/dl/h) and 15 sec sprints (24.4±1.5 μg/dl/h), as compared to rest (15.3±0.8 μg/dl/h), with no differences noted between exercise bouts (P≯0.05). All exercise bouts increase circulating glycerol, with no differences noted between bouts. Although previous data indicate that low intensity aerobic exercise results in greater fat oxidation than high intensity exercise (when assessed during the actual exercise session), our findings suggest that high intensity exercise may result in similar fat oxidation/mobilization as compared to aerobic exercise during the acute post-exercise period.

Effects of Liquid Carbohydrate Ingestion on Markers of Anabolism Following High-Intensity Resistance Exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Thyfault ◽  
Michael J. Carper ◽  
Scott R. Richmond ◽  
Matthew W. Hulver ◽  
Jeffrey A. Potteiger
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion
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