scholarly journals Special Environments: Altitude and Heat

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philo U. Saunders ◽  
Laura A. Garvican-Lewis ◽  
Robert F. Chapman ◽  
Julien D. Périard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
Improve Exercise Capacity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

High-level athletes are always looking at ways to maximize training adaptations for competition performance, and using altered environmental conditions to achieve this outcome has become increasingly popular by elite athletes. Furthermore, a series of potential nutrition and hydration interventions may also optimize the adaptation to altered environments. Altitude training was first used to prepare for competition at altitude, and it still is today; however, more often now, elite athletes embark on a series of altitude training camps to try to improve sea-level performance. Similarly, the use of heat acclimation/acclimatization to optimize performance in hot/humid environmental conditions is a common practice by high-level athletes and is well supported in the scientific literature. More recently, the use of heat training to improve exercise capacity in temperate environments has been investigated and appears to have positive outcomes. This consensus statement will detail the use of both heat and altitude training interventions to optimize performance capacities in elite athletes in both normal environmental conditions and extreme conditions (hot and/or high), with a focus on the importance of nutritional strategies required in these extreme environmental conditions to maximize adaptations conducive to competitive performance enhancement.

scholarly journals Nutritional Strategies to Optimize Performance and Recovery in Rowing Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Kim ◽  
Eun-Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Web Searches ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Online Library ◽  
High Level ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Rowing is a high-intensity sport requiring a high level of aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Although good nutrition is essential for successful performance in a rowing competition, its significance is not sufficiently established. This review aimed to provide nutritional strategies to optimize performance and recovery in rowing athletes based on a literature review. Following the guidelines given in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we performed web searches using online databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, and SciFinder). Typically, a rowing competition involves a 6–8-min high-intensity exercise on a 2000-m course. The energy required for the exercise is supplied by muscle-stored glycogens, which are derived from carbohydrates. Therefore, rowing athletes can plan their carbohydrate consumption based on the intensity, duration, and type of training they undergo. For effective and safe performance enhancement, rowing athletes can take supplements such as β-alanine, caffeine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), and beetroot juice (nitrate). An athlete may consume carbohydrate-rich foods or use a carbohydrate mouth rinse. Recovery nutrition is also very important to minimize the risk of injury or unexplained underperformance syndrome (UUPS) from overuse. It must take into account refueling (carbohydrate), rehydration (fluid), and repair (protein). As lightweight rowing athletes often attempt acute weight loss by limiting food and fluid intake to qualify for a competition, they require personalized nutritional strategies and plans based on factors such as their goals and environment. Training and competition performance can be maximized by including nutritional strategies in training plans.

scholarly journals Eat like an athlete: insights of sports nutrition science to support active aging in healthy older adults

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Y. Oikawa ◽  
Tristin D. Brisbois ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Ian Rollo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

AbstractSkeletal muscle mass losses with age are associated with negative health consequences, including an increased risk of developing metabolic disease and the loss of independence. Athletes adopt numerous nutritional strategies to maximize the benefits of exercise training and enhance recovery in pursuit of improving skeletal muscle quality, mass, or function. Importantly, many of the principles applied to enhance skeletal muscle health in athletes may be applicable to support active aging and prevent sarcopenia in the healthy (non-clinical) aging population. Here, we discuss the anabolic properties of protein supplementation in addition to ingredients that may enhance the anabolic effects of protein (e.g. omega 3 s, creatine, inorganic nitrate) in older persons. We conclude that nutritional strategies used in pursuit of performance enhancement in athletes are often applicable to improve skeletal muscle health in the healthy older population when implemented as part of a healthy active lifestyle. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms by which these nutrients may induce favourable changes in skeletal muscle and to determine the appropriate dosing and timing of nutrient intakes to support active aging.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH IN BARLEY. I. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PENETRANCE AND EXPRESSIVITY OF GENE(S) CONDITIONING HOST RESISTANCE

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Level

Variability in the host-reaction of barley to infection by Drechslera teres was examined in the parents and progeny of selected crosses under different environmental conditions of testing.The Ethiopian variety C.I. 5791 exhibits a consistently high level of resistance under a range of environmental conditions, which is in contrast to the Manchurian variety C.I. 2330. The sensitivity of the genes for resistance possessed by these varieties to environmental modifications is considered to depend upon their respective genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, variability of host reaction in the progeny of these resistant varieties was shown to be influenced by the genetic background of the susceptible parent used.The implications of these findings in the conduct and interpretation of genetic studies and in backcross breeding programs is discussed.

Experimental Investigation on the Active Range of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria for Geological Disposal

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fukunaga ◽  
H. Yoshikawa ◽  
K. Fujiki ◽  
H. Asano
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Geological Disposal ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

AbstractThe active range ofDesulfovibrio desulfuricans. a species of sulfate-reducing bacteria, was examined in terms of pH and Eh using a fermenter at controlled pH and Eh. Such research is important because sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are thought to exist underground at depths equal to those of supposed repositories for high-level radioactive wastes and to be capable of inducing corrosion of the metals used in containment vessels.SRB activity was estimated at 35°C, with lactate as an electron donor, at a pH range from 7 to 11 and Eh range from 0 to -380 mV. Activity increased as pH approached neutral and Eh declined. The upper pH limit for activity was between 9.9 and 10.3, at Eh of -360 to -384 mV. The upper Eh limit for activity was between -68 and -3 mV, at pH 7.1. These results show that SRB can be made active at higher pH by decreasing Eh, and that the higher pH levels of 8 to 10 produced by use of the buffer material bentonite does not suppress SRB completely.A chart was obtained showing the active range ofDesulfovibrio desulfuricansin terms of pH and Eh. Such charts can be used to estimate the viability of SRB and other microorganisms when the environmental conditions of a repository are specified.

A New and Open CoiledValvata(Gastropoda) from the Pliocene Koobi Fora Formation of the Turkana Basin, Northern Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Scholz ◽  
Matthias Glaubrecht
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Koobi Fora ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Turkana Basin ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stratigraphic Interval

New field collections allow the study and description ofValvata juliaenew species from the Pliocene upper Burgi Member of the Koobi Fora Formation of Kenya. The shell morphology of this species varies from trochospiral to planispiral to open coiled. The species is restricted to a short stratigraphic interval.Valvata juliaeis considered as an invader of the Turkana Basin during a lacustrine transgression event. The open coiling of the species is interpreted as an ecophenotypic response to a high level of environmental stress caused by lake level fluctuations and emergence of delta systems. These environmental conditions broughtValvata juliaeto extinction soon after it invaded the Turkana Basin.

scholarly journals The connection between academic and athletic performance among elite university student athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Andrea Lenténé Puskás
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
High Level ◽  
Or Team ◽  
The University

Athletes in higher education are not only expected to produce high level performance but to find the balance between the preparation for post-athletic life and the requirements of the university. The objective of this study is to explore the connections between academic performance and level of sport. Also, to elaborate on the role of relevant policy regulations and institutional support that help elite athletes meet academic requirements. Data collection was conducted by means of online questionnaires involving athletes receiving sport scholarships at the University of Debrecen (N=159). The data from questionnaires were processed by using SPSS 18. Version software. For data analyse four groups were extracted based on level of sport performance and involvement: international elite, division I, division II, division III. The results indicate that the academic performance on the two international elite of sport did not differ from the average, and that these athletes did not experience any difficulties earning course credits at the university while being engaged in doing sport. In most cases, elite athletes did not apply for the various kind of support instruments, thus, they are able to balance athletic preparation and academic requirements without supportive modifications of university policies. The results also shed light on the fact that the academic performance does not only depend on the level of sport and the chosen major at the university, but it is also influenced by the time devoted to study and training, and the sport type (individual or team sport). There are differences observed between athletes participating in individual or team sport concerning the general average of grades, the effectiveness of earning credits, the number of weekly training, as well as the time devoted to training in preparatory and competitive periods. According to the results, the various amount of time devoted to study or sport does not necessarily result in academic performance decline. In addition, results support that athletes do keep academic studies rather important and they are aware that university years are considered to be a significant period in preparation for post-athletic life. JEL code: Z20

Modern problems of regionalization of territories and human adaptation in regions with extreme natural and climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Key Words Adaptation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The paper considers modern approaches to the zoning of territories and the selection of people for life in extreme environmental conditions, taking into account modern geopolitical challenges. It is shown that it is possible, based on the allostasis concept, to conduct not only the selection of persons with a high level of nonspecific resistance, but also to quantify the degree of extremity of environmental factors using the standard represpiration test. Key words: adaptation, extreme conditions, selection, hypoxia, cold, rerespiration, allostatic load.

Interactions of Light, Temperature and Moisture on Terbutryn Toxicity

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Houseworth ◽  
B. G. Tweedy
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Toxicity of soil-applied 2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers (Cucumis sativusL. ‘Gemni’) and oats (Avena sativusL. ‘Nodaway’) was increased 2.2 times when the light intensity was raised from 11,000 to 22,000 lumens/m2and 1.5 times when the moisture level was raised from low (25 to 50% field capacity) to high (75 to 100% field capacity). When the temperature was raised from the low level (19 C day, 14 C night) to the high level (29 C day, 24 C night) toxicity of terbutryn to oats was increased 1.6 times and toxicity to cucumber was increased 1.3 times. Analysis of interactions of the three variables on toxicity of terbutryn showed that environmental conditions favoring rapid growth resulted in an increase in phytotoxicity.

Antioxidant status of elite athletes remains impaired 2 weeks after a simulated altitude training camp

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Pialoux ◽  
Julien V. Brugniaux ◽  
Edmond Rock ◽  
Andrzej Mazur ◽  
Laurent Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Training Camp

Strength, Conditioning, and Nutritional Considerations for High-Level Performers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kreider
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Program Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Performance

Strength, conditioning, and nutrition play an important role in preparing athletes to perform to the best of their ability. For this reason, nearly all competitive teams employ strength and conditioning specialists to prepare their athletes for competition, and most teams have sport dietitians and/or nutrition consultants as part of their performance-enhancement team. Academic and professional preparation of strength and conditioning and sport-nutrition specialists in kinesiology programs has opened up a number of career opportunities for students and scholars. In addition, advances in technology have enhanced the ability of strength and conditioning specialists and sport nutritionists to monitor athletes during training and competition. This paper provides an overview of the history, professional preparation, program components, and general principals of strength and conditioning and sport nutrition and the impact they have had on high-level performance, as well as future trends in these fields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document