scholarly journals Sports-Science Roundtable: Does Sports-Science Research Influence Practice?

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bishop ◽  
Angus Burnett ◽  
Damian Farrow ◽  
Tim Gabbett ◽  
Robert Newton
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Australian Association ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Performance

As sports scientists, we claim to make a significant contribution to the body of knowledge that influences athletic practice and performance. Is this the reality? At the inaugural congress of the Australian Association for Exercise and Sports Science, a panel of well-credentialed academic experts with experience in the applied environment debated the question, Does sports-science research influence practice? The first task was to define “sports-science research,” and it was generally agreed that it is concerned with providing evidence that improves sports performance. When practices are equally effective, sports scientists also have a role in identifying practices that are safer, more time efficient, and more enjoyable. There were varying views on the need for sports-science research to be immediately relevant to coaches or athletes. Most agreed on the importance of communicating the results of sports-science research, not only to the academic community but also to coaches and athletes, and the need to encourage both short- and long-term research. The panelists then listed examples of sports-science research that they believe have influenced practice, as well as strategies to ensure that sports-science research better influences practice.

Reduced volume and increased training intensity elevate muscle Na+-K+pump α2-subunit expression as well as short- and long-term work capacity in humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Bangsbo ◽  
Thomas P. Gunnarsson ◽  
Jesper Wendell ◽  
Lars Nybo ◽  
Martin Thomassen
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Subunit Expression ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trained Runners

The present study examined muscle adaptations and alterations in work capacity in endurance-trained runners as a result of a reduced amount of training combined with speed endurance training. For a 6- to 9-wk period, 17 runners were assigned to either a speed endurance group with a 25% reduction in the amount of training but including speed endurance training consisting of six to twelve 30-s sprint runs 3–4 times/wk (SET group n = 12) or a control group ( n = 5), which continued the endurance training (∼55 km/wk). For the SET group, the expression of the muscle Na+-K+pump α2-subunit was 68% higher ( P < 0.05) and the plasma K+level was reduced ( P < 0.05) during repeated intense running after 9 wk. Performance in a 30-s sprint test and the first of the supramaximal exhaustive runs was improved ( P < 0.05) by 7% and 36%, respectively, after the speed endurance training period. In the SET group, maximal O2uptake was unaltered, but the 3-km (3,000-m) time was reduced ( P < 0.05) from 10.4 ± 0.1 to 10.1 ± 0.1 min and the 10-km (10,000-m) time was improved from 37.3 ± 0.4 to 36.3 ± 0.4 min (means ± SE). Muscle protein expression and performance remained unaltered in the control group. The present data suggest that both short- and long-term exercise performances can be improved with a reduction in training volume if speed endurance training is performed and that the Na+-K+pump plays a role in the control of K+homeostasis and in the development of fatigue during repeated high-intensity exercise.

Investigating the citation advantage of author-pays charges model in computer science research: a case study of Elsevier and Springer

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tehmina Amjad ◽  
Mehwish Sabir ◽  
Azra Shamim ◽  
Masooma Amjad ◽  
Ali Daud
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Computer Science Research ◽  
Science Domain ◽  
Citation Advantage

PurposeCitation is an important measure of quality, and it plays a vital role in evaluating scientific research. However, citation advantage varies from discipline to discipline, subject to subject and topic to topic. This study aims to compare the citation advantage of open access and toll access articles from four subfields of computer science.Design/methodology/approachThis research studies the articles published by two prestigious publishers: Springer and Elsevier in the author-pays charges model from 2011 to 2015. For experimentation, four sub-domains of computer science are selected including (a) artificial intelligence, (b) human–computer interaction, (c) computer vision and graphics, and (d) software engineering. The open-access and toll-based citation advantage is studied and analyzed at the micro level within the computer science domain by performing independent sample t-tests.FindingsThe results of the study highlight that open access articles have a higher citation advantage as compared to toll access articles across years and sub-domains. Further, an increase in open access articles has been observed from 2011 to 2015. The findings of the study show that the citation advantage of open access articles varies among different sub-domains of a subject. The study contributed to the body of knowledge by validating the positive movement toward open access articles in the field of computer science and its sub-domains. Further, this work added the success of the author-pays charges model in terms of citation advantage to the literature of open access.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the citation advantage of the author-pays charges model at a subject level (computer science) along with four sub-domains of computer science.

scholarly journals The 2012 Senkaku Dispute: Origins and Lessons

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
I. V. Dyachkov
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
North East ◽  
Short And Long Term

The recent Sino-Japanese conflict over the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands has turned the attention of the academic community toward growing nationalistic sentiment in North East Asia. This paper is an attempt to analyze the territorial dimension of the region’s nationalism, identify various factors that are bringing nationalism to the fore, warn of the possible dangers of using this political tool and make some short- and long-term predictions concerning the recent dispute.

Training for Sustained Performance: Moving Toward Long-Term Musician Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Clark ◽  
Tânia Lisboa
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Young Student ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Mental Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effective Use

Success in the performing arts, like sports, is dependent upon the acquisition and consistent use of a diverse range of skills. In sports, an understanding of safe and effective use of the body is required to facilitate long-term involvement in that activity. In order to assist athletes to attain their performance goals, and ensure healthy and sustained involvement, long-term athlete development (LTAD) models have been devised and adapted by professional sporting bodies throughout the world. LTAD models emphasize the intellectual, emotional, and social development of the athlete, encourage long-term participation in physical activities, and enable participants to improve their overall health and well-being and increase their life-long participation in physical activity. At present there is no such long-term development model for musicians. Yet musicians must cope with a multitude of career-related physical and mental demands, and performance-related injuries and career burnout are rife within the profession. Despite this, musicians’ training rarely addresses such issues and musicians are left largely to learn about them through either chance or accrued experience. This paper discusses key concepts and recommendations in LTAD models, together with music-specific research highlighting the need for the development of a comprehensive long-term approach to musicians’ training. The results of a survey of existing music training programs are compared to recommendations and the different development stages in LTAD models. Finally, implementation science is introduced as a methodological option for identifying how best to communicate the body of evidence-based knowledge concerning healthy and effective music-making to young student musicians.

Business Environment as Key Driver of SME Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-263
Author(s):  
Olalekan Asikhia ◽  
Vannie Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Turbulence ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
And Performance

The chapter established the effects of Nigerian market environment on SMEs performance. An empirical study was conducted with survey research design of 21,444 firms and a sample size of 1,102 was arrived at scientifically. Probability sampling methods were employed. An adapted validated questionnaire, and a 0.82-0.96 reliability coefficients range was used. Inferential statistics were used to analyse the data using SPSS software version 22.0. The findings reveal that Nigerian market environment had significant negative effects on the SME performance. The different components of the Nigerian market environment have different effects on the SME performance. The results imply that the environmental turbulence could be responsible for the high failure rate of SMEs in Nigeria. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on environmental and performance management by noting the criticality of the industry market environment in facilitating organizational performance.

Occupiers as the Critical Stakeholders in a Sustainable Building

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Richard Reed ◽  
Junaidah Jailani
Keyword(s):  
Limited Attention ◽  
Sustainable Buildings ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Relationship

There is an established body of knowledge about technical aspects of sustainable buildings however little research conducted into the post-occupancy relationship between sustainable buildings and occupiers based on the ‘form vs function' argument (Reed & Bole 2009). There has been limited attention placed on the relationship between technological advances and how occupiers interact and behave with these buildings (Wener & Carmalt 2006). Therefore this is a preliminary study into differences (if any) between (a) the expectation of occupiers and (b) their actual experiences. The data was provided by a survey of occupiers/tenants of sustainable buildings in Melbourne, Australia in 2012. The findings demonstrated (a) occupants of sustainable buildings are primarily interested in their own personal comfort levels, (b) occupiers of 5 star sustainable buildings have the highest expectations of how their buildings operate however there also exists the largest gap between their expectations and actual experiences, and (c) the communication channels available to occupiers about the operation of their sustainable office building and how they address problems are very limited. There is an urgent need to ensure future efforts to incorporate sustainability into new and existing office buildings meet the needs of present and future occupiers without compromising short and long-term occupier satisfaction levels.

Towards a Methodology for Monitoring and Analyzing the Supply Chain Behavior

2011 ◽  
pp. 186-208
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Moraga ◽  
Luis Rabelo ◽  
Alfonso Sarmiento
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Eigenvalue Analysis ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Performance

In this chapter, the authors present general steps towards a methodology that contributes to the advancement of prediction and mitigation of undesirable supply chain behavior within short- and long- term horizons by promoting a better understanding of the structure that determines the behavior modes. Through the integration of tools such as system dynamics, neural networks, eigenvalue analysis, and sensitivity analysis, this methodology (1) captures the dynamics of the supply chain, (2) detects changes and predicts the behavior based on these changes, and (3) defines needed modifications to mitigate the unwanted behaviors and performance. In the following sections, some background information is given from literature, the general steps of the proposed methodology are discussed, and finally a case study is briefly summarized.

scholarly journals Medical Therapy of Patients Contaminated with Radioactive Cesium or Iodine

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Aaseth ◽  
Valeria Marina Nurchi ◽  
Ole Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Radiation Medicine

Follow-up studies after the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents have shown that 137Cs and 131I made up the major amount of harmful contaminants in the atmospheric dispersion and fallout. Other potential sources for such radionuclide exposure may be terrorist attacks, e.g., via contamination of drinking water reservoirs. A primary purpose of radionuclide mobilization is to minimize the radiation dose. Rapid initiation of treatment of poisoned patients is imperative after a contaminating event. Internal contamination with radioactive material can expose patients to prolonged radiation, thus leading to short- and long-term clinical consequences. After the patient’s emergency conditions are addressed, the treating physicians and assisting experts should assess the amount of radioactive material that has been internalized. This evaluation should include estimation of the radiation dose that is delivered and the specific radionuclides inside the body. These complex assessments warrant the reliance on a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates regional experts in radiation medicine and emergencies. Regional hospitals should have elaborated strategies for the handling of radiation emergencies. If radioactive cesium is a significant pollutant, Prussian blue is the approved antidote for internal detoxification. Upon risks of radioiodine exposure, prophylactic or immediate treatment with potassium iodide tablets is recommended. Chelators developed from calcium salts have been studied for gastrointestinal trapping and enhanced mobilization after strontium exposure.

scholarly journals Nutra-ergonomics: influence of nutrition on physical employment standards and the health of workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6 (Suppl. 2)) ◽  
pp. S165-S174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Shearer ◽  
Terry E. Graham ◽  
Tina L. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Worker Safety ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Workplace Productivity ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Performance

The importance of ergonomics across several scientific domains, including biomechanics, psychology, sociology, and physiology, have been extensively explored. However, the role of other factors that may influence the health and productivity of workers, such as nutrition, is generally overlooked. Nutra-ergonomics describes the interface between workers, their work environment, and performance in relation to their nutritional status. It considers nutrition to be an integral part of a safe and productive workplace that encompasses physical and mental health as well as the long-term wellbeing of workers. This review explores the knowledge, awareness, and common practices of nutrition, hydration, stimulants, and fortified product use employed prior to physical employment standards testing and within the workplace. The influence of these nutra-ergonomic strategies on physical employment standards, worker safety, and performance will be examined. Further, the roles, responsibilities, and implications for the applicant, worker, and the employer will be discussed within the context of nutra-ergonomics, with reference to the provision and sustainability of an environment conducive to optimize worker health and wellbeing. Beyond physical employment standards, workplace productivity, and performance, the influence of extended or chronic desynchronization (irregular or shift work) in the work schedule on metabolism and long-term health, including risk of developing chronic and complex diseases, is discussed. Finally, practical nutra-ergonomic strategies and recommendations for the applicant, worker, and employer alike will be provided to enhance the short- and long-term safety, performance, health, and wellbeing of workers.

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