scholarly journals The Effect of Body Mass on the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test in Rugby Union Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Darrall-Jones ◽  
Gregory Roe ◽  
Shane Carney ◽  
Ryan Clayton ◽  
Padraic Phibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

Purpose:To evaluate the difference in performance of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30–15IFT) across 4 squads in a professional rugby union club in the UK and consider body mass in the interpretation of the end velocity of the 30-15IFT (VIFT).Methods:One hundred fourteen rugby union players completed the 30-15IFT midseason.Results:VIFT demonstrated small and possibly lower (ES = –0.33; 4/29/67) values in the under 16s compared with the under 21s, with further comparisons unclear. With body mass included as a covariate, all differences were moderate to large and very likely to almost certainly lower in the squads with lower body mass, with the exception of comparisons between senior and under-21 squads.Conclusions:The data demonstrate that there appears to be a ceiling to the VIFT attained in rugby union players that does not increase from under-16 to senior level. However, the associated increases in body mass with increased playing level suggest that the ability to perform high-intensity running increases with age, although not translating into greater VIFT due to the detrimental effect of body mass on change of direction. Practitioners should be aware that VIFT is unlikely to improve, but it needs to be monitored during periods where increases in body mass are evident.

scholarly journals Lower-Body Power Relationships to Linear Speed, Change-of-Direction Speed, and High-Intensity Running Performance in DI Collegiate Women’s Basketball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Daveena S. Banda ◽  
Maria M. Beitzel ◽  
Joseph D. Kammerer ◽  
Isaac Salazar ◽  
Robert G. Lockie
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Linear Speed ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Lower Body Power

AbstractBasketball players need to sprint and change direction, and lower-body power (often measured by jump tests) should contribute. How different jumps relate to linear and change-of-direction (COD) speed, and high-intensity running has not been analyzed in Division I (DI) collegiate women’s basketballers. Twelve players completed the vertical jump (VJ), two-step approach jump (AppJ), and standing broad jump (SBJ). Average (AvgP) and peak power (PeakP), and PeakP: body mass (P:BM) were derived from VJ height; relative SBJ was derived from SBJ distance. Players also completed: 10 m and ¾ court sprints (linear speed), the pro-agility shuttle (COD speed), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRT1; high-intensity running). Pearson’s correlations (p < 0.05) calculated relationships between the jump and running tests. The AppJ correlated to the ¾ court sprint and pro-agility shuttle (r = -.663 to -.805). AvgP and PeakP correlated to the 10 m sprint, ¾ court sprint, and pro-agility shuttle (r = .589-.766). P:BM and relative SBJ correlated with all running tests (linear and COD speed r = -.620 to -.805; YYIRT1 r = .622.803). The AppJ stresses the stretch-shortening capacities of the legs, and this quality is important for faster linear and COD speed. AvgP and PeakP are influenced by body mass; while larger athletes produce greater power, they also may display slower 10 m sprint and pro-agility shuttle times, and lesser YYIRT1 performance. Strength coaches should ensure players can generate high relative power (i.e. P:BM, relative SBJ) for faster linear and COD speed, and high-intensity running.

scholarly journals Influence of Physical and Technical Aspects on Change of Direction Performance of Rugby Players: An Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13390
Author(s):  
Tomás T. Freitas ◽  
Pedro E. Alcaraz ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Ademir F. S. Arruda ◽  
Aristide Guerriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
National Team ◽  
Body Kinematic ◽  
Rugby Players

We examined the relationships between change of direction (COD) speed and deficit, and a series of speed- and power-related measurements in national team rugby union players and analyzed the influence of movement patterns on COD ability. Eleven male athletes completed the following physical assessments on different days: day 1—anthropometric measurements, and lower-body kinematic parameters (assessed with eight inertial sensors) and completion time in COD tests (pro-agility, 45° cutting maneuver (CUT), and “L” (L-Drill)); day 2—bilateral and unilateral squat and countermovement jumps, 40 m linear sprint, and bar-power output in the jump squat and half-squat exercises. Pearson’s product–moment correlations were performed to determine the relationships between COD velocities, COD deficits, and the speed–power variables. Differences between players with higher and lower COD deficits were examined using magnitude-based inferences. Results showed that (1) greater sprint momentum was associated with higher COD deficits, particularly in drills with sharper angles and multiple directional changes (L-drill and pro-agility); (2) higher unilateral jump heights were associated with greater COD deficits in the pro-agility and L-drill but not in the CUT; (3) faster athletes were less efficient at changing direction and presented greater trunk and knee flexion angles during COD maneuvers, probably as a consequence of higher inertia.

Comparing Class-Based and Home-Based Exercise for Older Adults With Chronic Health Conditions: 12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485
Author(s):  
Koren L. Fisher ◽  
Bruce A. Reeder ◽  
Elizabeth L. Harrison ◽  
Brenda G. Bruner ◽  
Nigel L. Ashworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Objective:To assess the maintenance of physical activity (PA) and health gains among participants in a class-based (CB) or home-based (HB) PA intervention over a 12-month study period.Methods:A total of 172 adults aged 50 years and older were randomly allocated to either a CB or an HB intervention, each involving an intensive 3-month phase with a 9-month follow-up period. Measures at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months included self-reported PA and health, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, cardiovascular endurance (6-min walk test), physical function, and functional fitness (senior fitness test). Outcomes were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.Results:Maximum improvement was typically observed at 3 or 6 months followed by a modest diminution, with no differences between groups. For body mass index, waist circumference, 6-min walk test, and senior fitness test, there was progressive improvement through the study period. Greater improvement was seen in the CB group compared with the HB group on three items on the senior fitness test (lower body strength and endurance [29% vs. 21%,p < .01], lower body flexibility [2.8 cm vs. 0.4 cm,p < .05], and dynamic agility [14% vs. 7%,p < .05]).Conclusion:The interventions were largely comparable; thus, availability, preferences, and cost may better guide program choice.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Reactive Agility and Change of Direction Speed in Professional Female Basketball and Handball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Popowczak ◽  
Ireneusz Cichy ◽  
Andrzej Rokita ◽  
Jarosław Domaradzki
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anthropometric Features ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
The Difference

Assessing the physical ability of players to perform change of direction and the cognitive and motor abilities revealed in reactive agility (RA) is necessary to understand the physical requirements and capabilities of professional players in handball and basketball. The main aim of this study was to determine the differences between professional female basketball and handball players in terms of anthropometric features, change of direction speed (CODS), and the RA task. Moreover, the relationships among anthropometric features, agility, and parameters of perception were determined. Two scenarios of the Five-Time Shuttle Run to Gates test (planned and unplanned) were used to evaluate the CODS and RA. The response time (RT) was also measured in the unplanned scenario. Additionally, the index of reactivity (REAC-INDEX) was specified as the difference between the RA test result and the measurement of CODS. There was a significant difference found in terms of body height, with basketball players being taller than handball players (p = 0.032). Professional female handball players achieved better results than professional female basketball players with regard to RA tasks (p = 0.01) and CODS (p = 0.041). Significant simple correlations between each anthropometric feature (body height, body mass) and values for CODS and RA were observed (r = 0.49–0.53). Applying partial correlation allowed for the assessment of actual relationships among CODS, RA, RT, and REAC-INDEX, without a confounding variable. Detaching the anthropometric parameters from the rest of the relationships resulted in maintenance or changes in r-values and an increased significance in the relationships between each pair: RA vs. RT, RA vs. REAC-INDEX, and RT vs. REAC-INDEX. The strongest associations were related to RT vs. REAC-INDEX (r = 0.97 at detaching body height or body mass, p &lt; 0.001) and CODS vs. RA (r = 0.66 at detaching body height and r = −0.67 at detaching body mass, p &lt; 0.001). It is recommended to use partial correlations in subsequent studies, as simple correlations are not reliable and may not reveal the apparent relationships between the variables. In addition, when determining the CODS and RA, it is suggested to take anthropometric and perception variables into account, such as reaction time or REAC-INDEX.

Fitness Determinants of Repeated High-Intensity Effort Ability in Elite Rugby Union Players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adrien Vachon ◽  
Nicolas Berryman ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Paquet ◽  
Laurent Bosquet
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Body Strength

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between physical fitness and repeated high-intensity effort (RHIE) ability in elite rugby union players, depending on playing position. Method: Thirty-nine players underwent a fitness testing battery composed of a body composition assessment, upper-body strength (1-repetition maximum bench press and 1-repetition maximum bench row), lower-body strength (6-repetition maximum back squat), and power (countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms, and 20-m sprint), as well as aerobic fitness (Bronco test) and RHIE tests over a 1-week period. Pearson linear correlations were used to quantify relationships between fitness tests and the RHIE performance outcomes (total sprint time [TST] and percentage decrement [%D]). Thereafter, a stepwise multiple regression model was used to verify the influence of physical fitness measures on RHIE ability. Results: TST was strongly to very strongly associated to body fat (BF, r = .82, P < .01), the 20-m sprint (r = .86, P < .01), countermovement jump (r = −.72, P < .01), and Bronco test (r = .90, P < .01). These fitness outcomes were related to %D, with moderate to strong associations (.82 > ∣r∣ > .54, P < .01). By playing position, similar associations were observed in forwards, but RHIE ability was only related to the 20-m sprint in backs (r = .53, P < .05). The RHIE performance model equations were TST = 13.69 + 0.01 × BF + 0.08 × Bronco + 10.20 × 20 m and %D = −14.34 + 0.11 × BF +0.18 × Bronco − 9.92 × 20 m. These models explain 88.8% and 68.2% of the variance, respectively. Conclusion: Body composition, lower-body power, and aerobic fitness were highly related with RHIE ability. However, backs expressed a different profile than forwards, suggesting that further research with larger sample sizes is needed to better understand the fitness determinants of backs’ RHIE ability.

scholarly journals CHANGE-OF-DIRECTION DEFICIT IN COLLEGIATE WOMEN’S RUGBY UNION PLAYERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lockie
Keyword(s):  
Rugby Union ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Change-of-direction (COD) ability is an essential component of rugby union. As most COD tests use total time to measure COD performance, the COD deficit has been developed as a metric to isolate COD ability independent of linear sprint speed. This study investigated relationships between sprint time, 505 time, and COD deficit in collegiate women’s rugby union players. Seventeen players from the one team performed a 20-m sprint (0-5, 0-10, and 0-20 m intervals were measured), and the 505 from each leg. The COD deficit for both legs was calculated as the difference between average 505 and 10-m time. Correlations were calculated between the 505 and COD deficit with the sprint intervals (p ≤ 0.05). To compare 505 time and COD deficit, z-scores were derived; the difference in these scores were evaluated for each participant. The COD deficit did not correlate with the sprint interval times (r = -0.370 to -0.045). Right-leg 505 time did correlate with the 0-10 and 0-20 m intervals (r = 0.483-552). Six of 17 participants for the left leg, and five of 17 for the right leg, were classified differently for COD ability when comparing standardized scores for 505 time versus COD deficit. More than half the participants (53-59%) had meaningful differences between 505 time and COD deficit for each leg. These results suggested that the COD deficit may be a more isolated measure of COD ability and provided a different measure of this ability compared to 505 time in collegiate women’s rugby union players.

scholarly journals Dietary Intakes of Elite 14- to 19-Year-Old English Academy Rugby Players During a Pre-Season Training Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah R. Smith ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Louise Sutton ◽  
Roderick F.G.J. King ◽  
Lauren C. Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rugby Players

Good nutrition is essential for the physical development of adolescent athletes, however data on dietary intakes of adolescent rugby players are lacking. This study quantified and evaluated dietary intake in 87 elite male English academy rugby league (RL) and rugby union (RU) players by age (under 16 (U16) and under 19 (U19) years old) and code (RL and RU). Relationships of intakes with body mass and composition (sum of 8 skinfolds) were also investigated. Using 4-day diet and physical activity diaries, dietary intake was compared with adolescent sports nutrition recommendations and the UK national food guide. Dietary intake did not differ by code, whereas U19s consumed greater energy (3366 ± 658 vs. 2995 ± 774 kcal·day-1), protein (207 ± 49 vs. 150 ± 53 g·day-1) and fluid (4221 ± 1323 vs. 3137 ± 1015 ml·day-1) than U16s. U19s consumed a better quality diet than U16s (greater intakes of fruit and vegetables; 4.4 ± 1.9 vs. 2.8 ± 1.5 servings·day-1; nondairy proteins; 3.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1 servings·day-1) and less fats and sugars (2.0 ± 1. vs. 3.6 ± 2.1 servings·day-1). Protein intake vs. body mass was moderate (r = .46, p < .001), and other relationships were weak. The findings of this study suggest adolescent rugby players consume adequate dietary intakes in relation to current guidelines for energy, macronutrient and fluid intake. Players should improve the quality of their diet by replacing intakes from the fats and sugars food group with healthier choices, while maintaining current energy, and macronutrient intakes.

ATTITUDE TO OPEN ACCESS IN RUSSIAN SCHOLARLY COMMUNITY: 2018. SURVEY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Razumova ◽  
N. N. Litvinova ◽  
M. E. Shvartsman ◽  
A. Yu. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Access Policies

Introduction. The paper presents survey results on the awareness towards and practice of Open Access scholarly publishing among Russian academics.Materials and Methods. We employed methods of statistical analysis of survey results. Materials comprise results of data processing of Russian survey conducted in 2018 and published results of the latest international surveys. The survey comprised 1383 respondents from 182 organizations. We performed comparative studies of the responses from academics and research institutions as well as different research areas. The study compares results obtained in Russia with the recently published results of surveys conducted in the United Kingdom and Europe.Results. Our findings show that 95% of Russian respondents support open access, 94% agree to post their publications in open repositories and 75% have experience in open access publishing. We did not find any difference in the awareness and attitude towards open access among seven reference groups. Our analysis revealed the difference in the structure of open access publications of the authors from universities and research institutes. Discussion andConclusions. Results reveal a high level of awareness and support to open access and succeful practice in the open access publications in the Russian scholarly community. The results for Russia demonstrate close similarity with the results of the UK academics. The governmental open access policies and programs would foster the practical realization of the open access in Russia.

scholarly journals Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rusek ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Marzena Adamczyk ◽  
Rafał Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pelvic Obliquity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Older Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The main goal of our study was to determine how the age of children, puberty and anthropometric parameters affect the formation of body composition and faulty body posture development in children. The secondary goal was to determine in which body segments abnormalities most often occur and how gender differentiates the occurrence of adverse changes in children’s body posture and body composition during puberty. The study group consisted of 464 schoolchildren aged from 6–16. Body posture was assessed with the Zebris system. The composition of the body mass was tested with Tanita MC 780 MA body mass analyzer and the body height was measured using a portable stadiometer PORTSTAND 210. The participants were further divided due to the age of puberty. Tanner division was adopted. The cut-off age for girls is ≥10 years and for boys it is ≥12 years. The analyses applied descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis and the t-test. The accepted level of significance was p < 0.05. The pelvic obliquity was lower in older children (beta = −0.15). We also see that age played a significant role in the difference in the height of the right pelvis (beta = −0.28), and the difference in the height of the right shoulder (beta = 0.23). Regression analysis showed that the content of adipose tissue (FAT%) increased with body mass index (BMI) and decreased with increasing weight, age, and height. Moreover, the FAT% was lower in boys than in girls (beta negative equal to −0.39). It turned out that older children (puberty), had greater asymmetry in the right shoulder blade (p < 0.001) and right shoulder (p = 0.003). On the other hand, younger children (who were still before puberty) had greater anomalies in the left trunk inclination (p = 0.048) as well as in the pelvic obliquity (p = 0.008). Girls in puberty were characterized by greater asymmetry on the right side, including the shoulders (p = 0.001), the scapula (p = 0.001) and the pelvis (p < 0.001). In boys, the problem related only to the asymmetry of the shoulder blades (p < 0.001). Girls were characterized by a greater increase in adipose tissue and boys by muscle tissue. Significant differences also appeared in the body posture of the examined children. Greater asymmetry within scapulas and shoulders were seen in children during puberty. Therefore, a growing child should be closely monitored to protect them from the adverse consequences of poor posture or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body.

scholarly journals Contributions of source population and incubation temperature to phenotypic variation of hatchling Chinese skinks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Liang Lu ◽  
Yan-Fu Qu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Xiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hatchling Size

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are viewed as the main factors that result in between-population variation in phenotypic traits, but contributions of these factors to phenotypic variation vary between traits and between species and have only been explored in a few species of reptiles. Here, we incubated eggs of the Chinese skink (Plestiodon chinensis) from 7 geographically separated populations in Southeast China at 3 constant temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C) to evaluate the combined effects of clutch origin, source population, and incubation temperature on hatchling traits. The relative importance of these factors varied between traits. Nearly all examined hatchling traits, including body mass, snout–vent length (SVL), tail length, head size, limb length, tympanum diameter, and locomotor speed, varied among populations and were affected by incubation temperature. Measures for hatchling size (body mass and SVL) varied considerably among clutches. Source population explained much of the variation in hatchling body mass, whereas incubation temperature explained much of the variation in other examined traits. Our results indicate that between-population variation in hatchling traits of P. chinensis likely reflects the difference in natural incubation conditions and genetic divergence.

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