scholarly journals Dietary Intakes of Elite 14- to 19-Year-Old English Academy Rugby Players During a Pre-Season Training Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah R. Smith ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Louise Sutton ◽  
Roderick F.G.J. King ◽  
Lauren C. Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rugby Players

Good nutrition is essential for the physical development of adolescent athletes, however data on dietary intakes of adolescent rugby players are lacking. This study quantified and evaluated dietary intake in 87 elite male English academy rugby league (RL) and rugby union (RU) players by age (under 16 (U16) and under 19 (U19) years old) and code (RL and RU). Relationships of intakes with body mass and composition (sum of 8 skinfolds) were also investigated. Using 4-day diet and physical activity diaries, dietary intake was compared with adolescent sports nutrition recommendations and the UK national food guide. Dietary intake did not differ by code, whereas U19s consumed greater energy (3366 ± 658 vs. 2995 ± 774 kcal·day-1), protein (207 ± 49 vs. 150 ± 53 g·day-1) and fluid (4221 ± 1323 vs. 3137 ± 1015 ml·day-1) than U16s. U19s consumed a better quality diet than U16s (greater intakes of fruit and vegetables; 4.4 ± 1.9 vs. 2.8 ± 1.5 servings·day-1; nondairy proteins; 3.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1 servings·day-1) and less fats and sugars (2.0 ± 1. vs. 3.6 ± 2.1 servings·day-1). Protein intake vs. body mass was moderate (r = .46, p < .001), and other relationships were weak. The findings of this study suggest adolescent rugby players consume adequate dietary intakes in relation to current guidelines for energy, macronutrient and fluid intake. Players should improve the quality of their diet by replacing intakes from the fats and sugars food group with healthier choices, while maintaining current energy, and macronutrient intakes.

scholarly journals Barriers, Attitudes, and Influences Towards Dietary Intake Amongst Elite Rugby Union Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sharples ◽  
Stuart D. Galloway ◽  
D. Baker ◽  
Brett Smith ◽  
Katherine Black
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Meal Planning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rugby Players

Background: Dietary intakes can impact an athletes health and performance. Although evidence exists about what an athlete should eat, an athlete's nutritional intake is influenced by many factors. The limited research available suggests the main barriers preventing optimal nutritional intakes reported by athletes are lack of time, food accessibility, poor cooking skills, costs, taste, and time spent in “off-season.” Although these factors have been shown to influence dietary intake they remain relatively unexplored in Rugby Union. This study aimed to describe the nutritional influences on dietary intake amongst Rugby Union player's.Methods: This was a qualitative study utilising in person individual interviews with all participants. Participants were Rugby Union players (n = 30) for either a Super Rugby franchise or one of their development squads in New Zealand. Participant's undertook recorded face to face interviews, which were later transcribed. A thematic approach was used to code the transcripts by the primary coder and the themes were subsequently evaluated by the research team.Results: Childhood upbringing, organisational skills, time and food security also emerged as barriers. Body composition and sport nutrition knowledge emerged as both barriers and enablers to nutritional intake. Influence on performance was an enabler to optimal dietary intake. Fully professional rugby players have access to dietitians, whereas development and semi-professional rugby players only have limited if any access, and they were more likely to seek nutritional information via social media.Conclusion: This study suggests a need for greater nutrition education at developmental levels with an emphasis on affordable food choices, meal planning and skills for interpreting online nutrition information.

scholarly journals Changes in northern hemisphere male international rugby union players’ body mass and height between 1955 and 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E Hill ◽  
Sian Rilstone ◽  
Michael J Stacey ◽  
Dimitri Amiras ◽  
Stephen Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Public ◽  
Six Nations ◽  
Rugby Players

ObjectivesWe sought to establish the effects of professionalism, which officially began in 1995, on the body mass and height of northern hemisphere male international rugby union (RU) players. We hypothesised that mass would significantly increase following professionalism. We also investigated the changes in size of players according to their playing position, and we compared changes to rugby league (RL) players and the public.MethodsThe body mass and height of players representing their international team for that country’s first game of the Five Nations in 1955, 1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995 and, for 2005 and 2015, the Six Nations, were collected from matchday programmes. RL players’ data were collected from the Challenge Cup final games played in the same years.ResultsInternational RU player body mass has significantly increased since 1995. In 1955 mean (±SD) player body mass was 84.8  kg (±8.2); in 2015, it was 105.4  kg (±12.1), an increase of 24.3%. Between 1955 and 2015, the body mass of forwards increased steadily, whereas that of backs has mostly gone up since 1995. RU player body mass gain has exceeded that of RL, but the age-matched difference between RU players and the public has remained relatively constant.ConclusionsThe factors influencing the gain in body mass of rugby players are legion; however, we believe that the interpretation of the law relating to the scrum put-in and changes allowing substitutions have, at least in part, contributed to the observed changes. Injury severity is increasing, and this may be linked to greater forces (caused by greater body mass) occurring in contact. RU law makers should adjust the rules to encourage speed and skill at the expense of mass.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Hydration Status, and Body Composition of Three Belgian Military Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1175-e1182
Author(s):  
William De Bry ◽  
Patrick Mullie ◽  
Eva D’Hondt ◽  
Peter Clarys
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Negative Consequences

Abstract Introduction Malnutrition, suboptimal hydration, and inadequate body composition can have negative consequences on soldiers’ performance and health. A recent consensus statement concerning “soldiers’ physical performance” points to the scarcity of data in specific military populations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess and compare dietary intake, hydration status, and body composition of three military groups during their specific military training. Materials and Methods Eighty-five soldiers (ie, 21 in a qualification course to join the Special Forces [SF], 22 Infantrymen [Chasseurs Ardennais, CA], and 42 Recruits [REs]) participated in this 3- to 4-day study. Body mass was assessed before and after each study period. All soldiers self-reported their dietary intakes, from which energy and macronutrient intakes were calculated. In addition, their morning urine samples were collected daily to assess urine specific gravity (USG) as a measure of hydration status. Fat mass was estimated at the end of the study using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results All groups lost significant amounts of body mass (ie, mean losses ranging between 1.3 and 1.7 kg). Macronutrient intakes were not fully met in respect to the recommendations. Most notably, REs’ fat intake was high (ie, 42.3 [±1.6] energy percent [E%]), while their carbohydrate intake was low (ie, 44.5 [±2.1] E%). Furthermore, saturated fat intakes were high among all groups (ie, group means ranging between 13.6 and 21.4 E%). USG values indicated suboptimal hydration status was prevalent in all groups. Most noteworthy, for SF, only 5.4% of the USG values indicated optimal hydration. The average fat mass (%) for SF, CA, and RE was 11.2 (±3.1), 18.8 (±5.1), and 19.4 (±5.0), respectively. Conclusion The present study showed that military men are not always adequately fed nor hydrated. These issues should be resolved by creating nutritional packages, and individual dietary and hydration strategies, all in function of military planning and weather conditions.

scholarly journals Dietary intake of different types and characteristics of processed meat which might be associated with cancer risk – results from the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Linseisen ◽  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
Teresa Norat ◽  
Carlos A Gonzalez ◽  
Miren Dorronsoro Iraeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing evidence for a significant effect of processed meat (PM) intake on cancer risk. However, refined knowledge on how components of this heterogeneous food group are associated with cancer risk is still missing. Here, actual data on the intake of PM subcategories is given; within a food-based approach we considered preservation methods, cooking methods and nutrient content for stratification, in order to address most of the aetiologically relevant hypotheses.Design and settingStandardised computerised 24-hour diet recall interviews were collected within the framework of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective cohort study in 27 centres across 10 European countries.SubjectsSubjects were 22 924 women and 13 031 men aged 35–74 years.ResultsExcept for the so-called ‘health-conscious’ cohort in the UK, energy-adjusted total PM intake ranged between 11.1 and 47.9 g day−1 in women and 18.8 and 88.5 g day−1 in men. Ham, salami-type sausages and heated sausages contributed most to the overall PM intake. The intake of cured (addition of nitrate/nitrite) PM was highest in the German, Dutch and northern European EPIC centres, with up to 68.8 g day−1 in men. The same was true for smoked PM (up to 51.8 g day−1). However, due to the different manufacturing practice, the highest average intake of NaNO2 through PM consumption was found for the Spanish centres (5.4 mg day−1 in men) as compared with German and British centres. Spanish centres also showed the highest intake of NaCl-rich types of PM; most cholesterol- and iron-rich PM was consumed in central and northern European centres. Possibly hazardous cooking methods were more often used for PM preparation in central and northern European centres.ConclusionsWe applied a food-based categorisation of PM that addresses aetiologically relevant mechanisms for cancer development and found distinct differences in dietary intake of these categories of PM across European cohorts. This predisposes EPIC to further investigate the role of PM in cancer aetiology.

scholarly journals Young Pacific Male Rugby Players’ Perceptions and Experiences of Mental Wellbeing

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Caleb Marsters ◽  
Jemaima Tiatia-Seath
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Rugby Players

Recent studies and increased media reporting across Australasia have linked young Pacific maleelite athletes to depression, suicide, and other adverse mental health-related events. Despite these accounts,little is known about the way this group experience emotions and mental wellbeing. The aim of this studywas to explore young Pacific male athletes’ perceptions and experiences of emotions and mental wellbeing.This qualitative study involved 20 face-to-face interviews with young Pacific males (16–24 years) engaged inelite rugby union and rugby league programmes in Auckland, New Zealand. The results identified thatathletes defined mental wellbeing in a holistic and relational manner and perceived and mental wellbeing asthe culmination of several interconnected factors, including: Family support, reciprocating family support,living a ‘well-balanced’ life, athletic performance, and personal development away from sports. Themaintenance of a well-balanced athletic identity and positive social relations were deemed central tosustaining mental wellbeing for these young men.

scholarly journals Dietary Intakes Differ by Body Composition Goals: An Observational Study of Professional Rugby Union Players in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 155798831989135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Black ◽  
Chloe Hindle ◽  
Rebecca McLay-Cooke ◽  
Rachel C. Brown ◽  
Claire Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Weight Loss Group ◽  
Rugby Players

Preseason in rugby union is a period of intensive training where players undergo conditioning to prepare for the competitive season. In some cases, this includes modifying body composition through weight gain or fat loss. This study aimed to describe the macronutrient intakes of professional rugby union players during pre-season training. It was hypothesized that players required to gain weight would have a higher energy, carbohydrate and protein intake compared to those needing to lose weight. Twenty-three professional rugby players completed 3 days of dietary assessment and their sum of eight skinfolds were assessed. Players were divided into three groups by the team coaches and medical staff: weight gain, weight maintain and weight loss. Mean energy intakes were 3,875 ± 907 kcal·d−1 (15,965 ± 3,737 kJ·d−1) (weight gain 4,532 ± 804 kcal·d−1; weight maintain 3,825 ± 803 kcal·d−1; weight loss 3,066 ± 407 kcal·d−1) and carbohydrate intakes were 3.7 ± 1.2 g·kg−1·d−1 (weight gain 4.8 ± 0.9 g.kg−1·d−1; weight maintain 2.8 ± 0.7 g·kg−1·d−1; weight loss 2. 6 ± 0.7 g·kg−1·d−1). The energy and carbohydrate intakes are similar to published intakes among rugby union players. There were significant differences in energy intake and the percent of energy from protein between the weight gain and the weight loss group.

scholarly journals Canadians’ Dietary Intake from 2007 to 2011 and across Different Sociodemographic/Lifestyle Factors Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hosseini ◽  
Susan J. Whiting ◽  
Hassan Vatanparast
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Canadian Health Measures Survey

Background. Nutrition is an important factor that impacts health, yet in Canada, there have been only a few surveys reflecting dietary intakes. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is a national survey that includes both food intake data as targeted questions and objective health measures. The aim of this research was to determine how food group intake data reported in CHMS is related to food group intakes from Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2004). A secondary objective was to examine the dietary status of Canadians across sociodemographic levels. Methods. The CHMS Cycles 1 and 2 food group intake data (meat and alternatives; milk products; grains; vegetables and fruits; dietary fat consumption; and beverages) of Canadians (6–79 years, n=11,387) were descriptively compared to previously reported intake of Canadians from CCHS 2.2 in 2004. Further, Canadians’ food intakes were assessed across sociodemographic characteristics. Results. The CHMS dietary intake data from vegetables and fruits and from milk products groups were similar to the dietary intake reported from CCHS 2.2. For the other food groups, the difference in intakes suggested CHMS data by FFQ were not complete. However, similar patterns in food intakes with regards to age/sex and income were observed in both surveys. Conclusion. Not all food groups measured in CHMS provide complete dietary intake data as compared to CCHS 2.2, yet CHMS food group intakes provide valuable information when it comes to evaluating dietary intake across different population groups.

scholarly journals The Association between Physical Activity, Dietary Behavior and Body Mass Index among Saudi Women Living in KSA and UK: العلاقة بين النشاط البدني والسلوك الغذائي ومؤشر كتلة الجسم بين النساء السعوديات اللواتي يعشن في المملكة العربية السعودية والمملكة المتحدة

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Saleh Al-Hajri - Fiona McCullough  -   Andy Salter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
The Uk

    This study investigates the association between Physical Activity (PA) and dietary intake with Body Mass Index (BMI) among Saudi women living in Saudi Arabia and women living in the UK. A survey of a snowball sample was used to recruit 258 female and explored factors influencing PA and food intake and their effects on BMI in women living in KSA and UK. Participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire relating to knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and levels of PA, sedentary activity and eating habits. Several results were concluded, most importantly: 1) Excessive energy intake, physical inactivity, and sedentary lifestyle were all prevalent in Saudi women, resulting in 80%, over the age of 35 years being overweight or obese. 2) BMI was associated with both energy intake and PA, though the relationship with the former was stronger. The most common barriers to regular exercise were transportation and lack of time. 3) Findings were generally similar between women living in Saudi Arabia and the UK. 4) This study confirms that excessive dietary intake and physical inactivity both contribute to overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabian women.    

scholarly journals Competition Nutrition Practices of Elite Male Professional Rugby Union Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5398
Author(s):  
Logan Posthumus ◽  
Kirsty Fairbairn ◽  
Katrina Darry ◽  
Matthew Driller ◽  
Paul Winwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Continued Education ◽  
Nutrition Practices ◽  
Absolute Energy ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Meal Composition

Thirty-four elite male professional rugby union players from the New Zealand Super Rugby championship completed dietary intakes via the Snap-N-Send method during a seven-day competition week. Mean seven-day absolute energy intake was significantly higher for forwards (4606 ± 719 kcal·day−1) compared to backs (3761 ± 618 kcal·day−1; p < 0.01; d = 1.26). Forwards demonstrated significantly higher mean seven-day absolute macronutrient intakes compared to backs (p < 0.03; d = 0.86–1.58), but no significant differences were observed for mean seven-day relative carbohydrate (3.5 ± 0.8 vs. 3.7 ± 0.7 g·kg·day−1), protein (2.5 ± 0.4 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5 g·kg·day−1), and fat (1.8 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 0.5 g·kg·day−1) intakes. Both forwards and backs reported their highest energy (5223 ± 864 vs. 4694 ± 784 kcal·day−1) and carbohydrate (4.4 ± 1.2 vs. 5.1 ± 1.0 g·kg·day−1) intakes on game day, with ≈62% of total calories being consumed prior to kick-off. Mean pre-game meal composition for all players was 1.4 ± 0.5 g·kg−1 carbohydrate, 0.8 ± 0.2 g·kg−1 protein, and 0.5 ± 0.2 g·kg−1 fat. Players fell short of daily sports nutrition guidelines for carbohydrate and appeared to “eat to intensity” by increasing or decreasing energy and carbohydrate intake based on the training load. Despite recommendations and continued education, many rugby players select what would be considered a “lower” carbohydrate intake. Although these intakes appear adequate to be a professional RU player, further research is required to determine optimal dietary intakes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Body Mass on the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test in Rugby Union Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Darrall-Jones ◽  
Gregory Roe ◽  
Shane Carney ◽  
Ryan Clayton ◽  
Padraic Phibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

Purpose:To evaluate the difference in performance of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30–15IFT) across 4 squads in a professional rugby union club in the UK and consider body mass in the interpretation of the end velocity of the 30-15IFT (VIFT).Methods:One hundred fourteen rugby union players completed the 30-15IFT midseason.Results:VIFT demonstrated small and possibly lower (ES = –0.33; 4/29/67) values in the under 16s compared with the under 21s, with further comparisons unclear. With body mass included as a covariate, all differences were moderate to large and very likely to almost certainly lower in the squads with lower body mass, with the exception of comparisons between senior and under-21 squads.Conclusions:The data demonstrate that there appears to be a ceiling to the VIFT attained in rugby union players that does not increase from under-16 to senior level. However, the associated increases in body mass with increased playing level suggest that the ability to perform high-intensity running increases with age, although not translating into greater VIFT due to the detrimental effect of body mass on change of direction. Practitioners should be aware that VIFT is unlikely to improve, but it needs to be monitored during periods where increases in body mass are evident.

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