Cardiac Autonomic and Neuromuscular Responses During a Karate Training Camp Before the 2015 Pan American Games: A Case Study With the Brazilian National Team

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Y. Nakamura ◽  
Lucas A. Pereira ◽  
César C. Cal Abad ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Irineu Loturco
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
National Team ◽  
Study Session ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neuromuscular Responses ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Resting Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Karate Athletes

Purpose:To quantify the training loads reported by karate athletes of the Brazilian national team in the week immediately before their participation in the 2015 Pan American Games.Methods:Eleven elite karate athletes (7 men and 4 women, 24.42 ± 3.75 y, 1.70 ± 0.09 m, 69.6 ± 13.2 kg) from the Brazilian national team took part in this study. Session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) was quantified in all training sessions. Moreover, resting heart-rate variability (HRV), as analyzed through the natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals (lnRMSSD), and countermovement-jump (CMJ) performance before and after 8 training sessions were assessed throughout the week. The differences based on magnitudes were calculated comparing pre- and posttraining session, as well as measures performed every morning during the week.Results:The weekly s-RPE was 2608.5 ± 431.2 a.u. The lnRMSSD was very likely higher on Monday than on the following days of the week, remaining stable during this period. CMJ height did not change during the week. Almost certain differences were observed in lnRMSSD pre- and posttraining session, while CMJ height did not change.Conclusions:The national karate-team athletes did not present signs of fatigue accumulation, as indicated by relatively steady HRV and unchanged CMJ during the week, as planned by the coaches for precompetition technical and tactical refinement.

Hormonal and Neuromuscular Responses to High-Level Middle- and Long-Distance Competition

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández ◽  
Carlos Ma Tejero-González ◽  
Juan del Campo-Vecino
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neuromuscular Responses ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
High Level

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of high-level competition on salivary free cortisol, countermovement jump (CMJ), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the relationships between these fatigue indicators in a group of elite middle- and long-distance runners.Method:The salivary free cortisol levels and CMJ height of 10 high-level middle- and long-distance runners (7 men, 3 women; age 27.6 ± 5.1y) competing in 800-m, 1500-m, 3000-m, or 5000-m events in the 2013 Spanish National Championships were measured throughout a 4-wk baseline period, then again before and after their respective races on the day of the competition. Athletes’ RPE was also measured after their races.Results:Cortisol increased significantly after the race compared with the value measured 90 min before the race (+98.3%, g = 0.82, P < .05), while CMJ height decreased significantly after the race (–3.9%, g = 0.34, P < .05). The decrease in CMJ height after the race correlates significantly with the postcompetition cortisol increase (r = .782, P < .05) and the RPE assessment (r = .762, P < .01).Conclusions:Observed differences in CMJ height correlate significantly with salivary free cortisol levels and RPE of middle- and long-distance runners. These results show the suitability of the CMJ for monitoring multifactorial competition responses in high-level middle- and long-distance runners.

scholarly journals Effects of Adding Small Combat Games to Regular Taekwondo Training on Physiological and Performance Outcomes in Male Young Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ouergui ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Hamdi Messaoudi ◽  
Hamdi Chtourou ◽  
Anissa Bouassida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

This study investigated the effect of area sizes (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and effort-pause ratios (free combat vs. 1:2) variation on the physiological and perceptive responses during taekwondo combats (Study 1). In a second study, the effects on physical performance of 8 weeks of small combat-based training added to regular taekwondo training were investigated (Study 2). In random order, 32 male taekwondo athletes performed six (i.e., two effort-to-pause ratios × three area sizes conditions) different 2-min taekwondo combats (Study 1). Thereafter (Study 2), they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and an active control group (CG). Regarding Study 1, blood lactate concentration [La] before and after each combat, mean heart rate (HRmean) during each combat, and rating of perceived exertion (CR-10) immediately after each combat were assessed. Regarding Study 2, progressive specific taekwondo (PSTT) to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), taekwondo-specific agility, and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were administered before and after 8 weeks of training. Study 1 results showed that 4 × 4 m elicited lower HRmean values compared with 6 × 6 m (d = −0.42 [small], p = 0.030) and free combat induced higher values compared with the 1:2 ratio (d = 1.71 [large], p &lt; 0.001). For [La]post, 4 × 4 m area size induced higher values than 6 × 6 m (d = 0.99 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001) and 8 × 8 m (d = 0.89 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001) and free combat induced higher values than 1:2 ratio (d = 0.69 [moderate], p &lt; 0.001). Higher CR-10 scores were registered after free combat compared with 1:2 ratio (d = 0.44 [small], p = 0.007). For Study 2, VO2max increased after training [F(1, 56) =30.532, p &lt; 0.001; post-hoc: d = 1.27 [large], p &lt; 0.001] with higher values for 4 × 4 m compared with CG (d = 1.15 [moderate], p = 0.009). Agility performance improved after training [F(1, 56) = 4.419, p = 0.04; post-hoc: d = −0.46 [small], p = 0.04] and 4 × 4 m induced lower values in comparison with 6 × 6 m (d = −1.56 [large], p = 0.001) and CG (d = −0.77 [moderate], p = 0.049). No training type influenced CMJ performance. Smaller area size elicited contrasting results in terms of metabolic demand compared with larger sizes (i.e., lower HRmean but higher [La] and CR-10), whereas free combat induced variables' consistently higher values compared with imposed 1:2 ratio (Study 1). Taekwondo training is effective to improve VO2max and agility (Study 2), but small combat training modality should be investigated further.

Rating of Perceived Exertion in Young, Sedentary Adults Before and After an Aerobic Training Program

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S124-S125
Author(s):  
Felipe Lobelo ◽  
John Duperly ◽  
Andres Espinosa ◽  
Diana Parra ◽  
Sandra Cabezas
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Before And After

Rating of Perceived Exertion in Young, Sedentary Adults Before and After an Aerobic Training Program

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S124???S125
Author(s):  
Felipe Lobelo ◽  
John Duperly ◽  
Andres Espinosa ◽  
Diana Parra ◽  
Sandra Cabezas
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Before And After

Hormonal, Physiological, and Physical Performance During Simulated Kickboxing Combat: Differences Between Winners and Losers

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ouergui ◽  
Philip Davis ◽  
Nizar Houcine ◽  
Hamza Marzouki ◽  
Monia Zaouali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Physical Responses

The aim of the current study was to investigate the hormonal, physiological, and physical responses of simulated kickboxing competition and evaluate if there was a difference between winners and losers. Twenty athletes of regional and national level participated in the study (mean ± SD age 21.3 ± 2.7 y, height 170.0 ± 5.0 cm). Hormone (cortisol, testosterone, growth hormone), blood lactate [La], and glucose concentrations, as well as upper-body Wingate test and countermovement-jump (CMJ) performances, were measured before and after combats. Heart rate (HR) was measured throughout rounds 1, 2, and 3 and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was taken after each round. All combats were recorded and analyzed to determine the length of different activity phases (high-intensity, low-intensity, and referee pause) and the frequency of techniques. Hormones, glucose, [La], HR, and RPE increased (all P < .001) precombat to postcombat, while a decrease was observed for CMJ, Wingate test performance, body mass (all P < .001), and time of high-intensity activities (P = .005). There was no difference between winners and losers for hormonal, physiological, and physical variables (P > .05). However, winners executed more jab cross, total punches, roundhouse kicks, total kicks, and total attacking techniques (all P < .042) than losers. Kickboxing is an intermittent physically demanding sport that induces changes in the stress-related hormones soliciting the anaerobic lactic system. Training should be oriented to enhance kickboxers’ anaerobic lactic fitness and their ability to strike at a sufficient rate. Further investigation is needed to identify possible differences in tactical and mental abilities that offer some insight into what makes winners winners.

scholarly journals Heart-Rate Variability in Elite Synchronized Swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mònica Solana-Tramunt ◽  
Jose Morales ◽  
Bernat Buscà ◽  
Marina Carbonell ◽  
Lara Rodríguez-Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Diving Response ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Training Exercises

Purpose: To determine whether heart-rate variability (HRV) was correlated with other training-load and training-tolerance markers for monitoring the effect of a training session on elite synchronized swimmers. Methods: The authors recorded the resting HRV of 12 elite swimmers (mean age = 21.5 [3.5] y) 3 times over 1 wk with a cadence of 48 h prior to the 2015 World Swimming Championships. They continuously monitored heart rate and obtained salivary cortisol (SC) samples before and after the last training session of the week. The authors measured capillary blood lactate (La) 2, 4, and 8 min after the last training session and monitored recovery HRV. They assessed rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over the entire session and tested the association between the highest La concentration (Lapeak), SC, and RPE and relative changes (Δ%) in the natural logarithm of the root-mean-square successive difference of intervals (LnRMSSD). The authors also calculated the smallest worthwhile change of the averaged pre and post LnRMSSD measurements. Results: There were periods of pronounced bradycardia (60.5 [16.7] beats/min) during training exercises corresponding to apneic exercise. The magnitude-based inferences showed nonclinically meaningful changes of LnRMSSD. Lapeak (6.8 [2.7] mmol/L) correlated positively with Δ%LnRMSSD and Δ%SC (r = .89, P = .001 and r = .61, P = .04, respectively). Conclusions: There was no change in LnRMSSD and Lapeak, Δ%SC, and RPE indicated reduced sympathetic activation and positive adaptation to the stress imposed by the session. Isolated HRV assessment may reveal a controversial interpretation of autonomic nervous system status or the training tolerance in elite synchronized swimming athletes due to the influence of the diving response.

Effect of axillary blockade on regional cerebral blood flow during static handgrip

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Friedman ◽  
L. Friberg ◽  
J. H. Mitchell ◽  
N. H. Secher
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Before And After

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined at rest and during static handgrip before and after regional blockade with lidocaine. A fast rotating single photon emission computer tomograph system with 133Xe inhalation was used at orbitomeatal plane (OM) +2.5 and +6.5 cm in eight subjects. Median handgrip force during the control study was 41 (range 24–68) N, which represented 10% of the initial maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and was 24 (18–36) N after axillary blockade (P less than 0.05), which represented 21% of the new MVC. During static handgrip, the rating of perceived exertion was 14 (10–16) exertion units before and 18 (15–20) after blockade (P less than 0.05). Hemispheric mean CBF did not change during handgrip. However, premotor rCBF increased from 55 (44–63) to 60 (50–69) ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05) and motor sensory rCBF from 57 (46–65) to 63 (55–71) ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P less than 0.05) to both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides during handgrip before, but not after, axillary blockade. There was no change in rCBF to other regions of the brain. Regional anesthesia with lidocaine did not alter resting rCBF. However, despite a greater sense of effort during static handgrip, there was no increase in rCBF after partial sensory and motor blockade. Thus bilateral activation occurs in the premotor and motor sensory cortex during static handgrip, and this activation requires neural feedback from the contracting muscles.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Fatigue in Young Soccer Players Resulting from Sided Games

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Javier Yanci ◽  
Silvia Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
Javier Raya-González
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Context ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Bout Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Age Category

It is crucial to understand the fatigue associated with sided games (SGs) of soccer in the training context, in order to establish the appropriate intervals between training sessions. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different SGs on internal load, measured by the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), and on sprint performance. Ten outfield players (age: 14.5 ± 0.5 years, height: 169 ± 6 cm, body mass: 59.7 ± 6.4 kg) belonging to U15 age category participated in this study. The participants played four SG formats with modifications in the pitch size and in the bout duration, but with the same total duration for the SGs (SG1, SG2, SG3, and SG4). All the players performed a 10 and a 30 m sprint test before and after the SGs. The internal load was measured by the sRPE. The results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the sRPE registered by the soccer players for the different SGs, but worse sprint performances over the 10 m (p < 0.05; ES: 0.74–1.38, large) and 30 m (p < 0.05; ES: 0.70–2.10, moderate to large) distances after completion of the SGs, except the 10 m sprint after SG2 and SG3 (p > 0.05; ES: 0.43–0.55, moderate). In addition, no correlation (p > 0.05) was reported between the sprint performances for the 10 and 30 m distances and the sRPE registered during the SGs. These results could be useful for technical staff wishing to design the playing area and bout duration of their training tasks effectively.

scholarly journals Prescribing 6-weeks of running training using parameters from a self-paced maximal oxygen uptake protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Hogg ◽  
James G. Hopker ◽  
Sarah L. Coakley ◽  
Alexis R. Mauger
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Uptake Test ◽  
Derived Data

Abstract Purpose The self-paced maximal oxygen uptake test (SPV) may offer effective training prescription metrics for athletes. This study aimed to examine whether SPV-derived data could be used for training prescription. Methods Twenty-four recreationally active male and female runners were randomly assigned between two training groups: (1) Standardised (STND) and (2) Self-Paced (S-P). Participants completed 4 running sessions a week using a global positioning system-enabled (GPS) watch: 2 × interval sessions; 1 × recovery run; and 1 × tempo run. STND had training prescribed via graded exercise test (GXT) data, whereas S-P had training prescribed via SPV data. In STND, intervals were prescribed as 6 × 60% of the time that velocity at $$\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}}$$ V ˙ O 2max ($$_{{\text{v}}}\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}}$$ v V ˙ O 2max ) could be maintained (Tmax). In S-P, intervals were prescribed as 7 × 120 s at the mean velocity of rating of perceived exertion 20 (vRPE20). Both groups used 1:2 work:recovery ratio. Maximal oxygen uptake ($$\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}}$$ V ˙ O 2max ), $$_{{\text{v}}}\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}}$$ v V ˙ O 2max , Tmax, vRPE20, critical speed (CS), and lactate threshold (LT) were determined before and after the 6-week training. Results STND and S-P training significantly improved $$\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}}$$ V ˙ O 2max by 4 ± 8 and 6 ± 6%, CS by 7 ± 7 and 3 ± 3%; LT by 5 ± 4% and 7 ± 8%, respectively (all P < .05), with no differences observed between groups. Conclusions Novel metrics obtained from the SPV can offer similar training prescription and improvement in $$\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}}}$$ V ˙ O 2max , CS and LT compared to training derived from a traditional GXT.

The Physiological, Neuromuscular, and Perceptual Response to Even- and Variable-Paced 10-km Cycling Time Trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tim Veneman ◽  
Wouter Schallig ◽  
Maaike Eken ◽  
Carl Foster ◽  
Jos J. de Koning
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Perceptual Response ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
Neuromuscular Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Natural Variations ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Almost All

Background: During self-paced (SP) time trials (TTs), cyclists show unconscious nonrandom variations in power output of up to 10% above and below average. It is unknown what the effects of variations in power output of this magnitude are on physiological, neuromuscular, and perceptual variables. Purpose: To describe physiological, neuromuscular, and perceptual responses of 10-km TTs with an imposed even-paced (EP) and variable-paced (VP) workload. Methods: Healthy male, trained, task-habituated cyclists (N = 9) completed three 10-km TTs. First, an SP TT was completed, the mean workload from which was used as the mean workload of the EP and VP TTs. The EP was performed with an imposed even workload, while VP was performed with imposed variations in workload of ±10% of the mean. In EP and VP, cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular, and perceptual variables were measured. Results: Mean rating of perceived exertion was significantly lower in VP (6.13 [1.16]) compared with EP (6.75 [1.24]), P = .014. No mean differences were found for cardiorespiratory and almost all neuromuscular variables. However, differences were found at individual kilometers corresponding to power-output differences between pacing strategies. Conclusion: Variations in power output during TTs of ±10%, simulating natural variations in power output that are present during SP TTs, evoke minor changes in cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses and mostly affect the perceptual response. Rating of perceived exertion is lower when simulating natural variations in power output, compared with EP cycling. The imposed variations in workload seem to provide a psychological rather than a physiological or neuromuscular advantage.

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